it用法大全(形式宾语形式主语).ppt

1.it作人称代词1.1.it的最基本用法是作人称代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:Ningboisabeautifulcity,isntit?1.2.也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):Isthisyourdog？No,itisnt.1.3.也可指抽象事物:Itwasagreatsurprisetomewhenhedidathinglikethat,2.非人称代词itit有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、环境等，称为非人称的it：2.1.指天气：Itisalovelyday,isntit?Itisabitwindy.2.2.指时间:Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.2.3.指环境:Itwasveryquietinthecaf.,2.4.指距离：Itishalfanhourswalktothecitycentre.,1.it作人称代词Everyoneknowsthat_isdangeroustoplaywithfire,but_isdifficultistopreventchildrenfromplayingwithfire.A.it,itB.what,whatC.it,whatD.what,it,.引导词it1.Itis+被强调部分+that.,使用该句型有以下几点请注意：强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数.ItwasyesterdaythatImetyourfatherinthestreet,不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使用where、when等连词.ItwasinthestreetthatImetyourfatheryesterday,被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。1)Itwasyourfatherthat/whom/whoImetinthestreetyesterday2)ItwasIthat/whometyourfatherinthestreetyesterday强调句中也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。ItistheywhoareourfriendsItwasnotuntiltenoclockthatwegothomelastnight,.it用作形式主语.1it代替主语从句1）Itis+adj.+that从句Itisclear(obvious，true，possiblecertain.)that.“清楚（显然，真的，肯定）”Itisveryclearthathesroundandtalllikeatree.Itisimportant(necessary，right，strange，natural.)that.that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.,2）.Itis+v-ed+that从句Itissaid(reported，learned.)that.据说（据报道，据悉）“。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.Itissuggested(ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded.)that.主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省；常译为“据建议；有命令）Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.,=HeissaidtohavecometoBeijing.,3）.It+n+that.1.Itisapity(ashame.)that.that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.Itisapitythatheisill.,2.Itistime(abouttime，hightime)that.该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是常用过去时态表示虚拟常译为“是（正是）的时侯”/should+原型Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotoschool.3.Itisthefirst(second.)timethat.“是第一（二）次”。该句型中的that从句用完成时态。如果主句动词be是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果主句动词be是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去。例如：ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadbeenpraised.ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.,Itisnowonderthathedidntwanttogo.Nowonderhedidntwanttogo.,4.Itisnowonderthat,在该句型中如果用肯定形式，表示“真奇怪，真是令人惊讶”；,Itisawonderthathereusedsuchagoodoffer.,真奇怪，他拒绝了这样好的帮助。,难怪他不愿去。,4).It+v+that从句Ithappens(seems，looks，appears)that.该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。Ithappened(sohappened)thathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧.Itseemsthathewillbebackinafewdays.看来,Itlooksasifheisill.（真的病了）,Itlooksasifhewereill.（没有生病）,Itseemedasifheweredying.,该句型中whether(if)引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为不论（是否）没关系。,Itdoesntmatteriftheyareold.,Itdoesntmatterwhether(if).,.2.作形式主语替代不定式1).Ittakessb.todosth.做要花费某人IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.2).Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有：bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，stupid，wisewrong等。这个句型可以改写为：sb.iskindtodosth.。Itiskindofyoutosayso.=Youarekindtosayso.3).Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth.常见的形容词有：important，necessary，naturaleasy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult,dangerous，等。在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometotheparty.,Itisuptohimtocleanourclassroomtoday.今天应由他做教室清洁。Itisuptoparentstoteachtheirchildrenmanners.该由父母教孩子礼貌。,4)Itisuptosb.todosth.,5)Itisonesturntodosth.,Itisyourturntocleanourclassroomtoday.,今天该轮到你做教室清洁。,Itisnogood(use)doingsth.该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是nogood,nouse,uselessItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutwritingEnglish.ItsuselesstryingtoarguewithShylock.,.3.作形式主语替代ing形式,4).Itis/wasnotuntil.that.ItwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthatheturnedofftheTV.,用It作形式主语的句型：(1)Itisadj.todosth.Itisdifficulttotranslatethisarticle.翻译这篇文章很难。(2)Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.ItisimportantforustolearnEnglish.学习英语对我们很重要。Itskindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好了。(3)Itisuptosb.todosth.“应由某人负责”或“是某人的职责”。Itsuptoyoutodecidewhethertotakethejobornot.接不接受这份工作由你自己定。,(4)Itisadj.that-clauseItisimportantthatweshouldpaycloseattentiontograin.关注粮食对我们很重要。(5)Itis(no)good/use/uselessdoingsth.ItisnousetryingagainItisofnousetotryagain.再试也没用。(6)Itisworthwhiledoingsth./todosth.Itisworthwhilespending/tospendmuchtimeonit.在这件事上花时间是值得的。,(7)Ithappensthat-clauseIthappenedthatJohnwastheonlywitness.碰巧约翰是唯一的证人。(8)Itoccursto/strikessb.that-clause某人突然想到Itsuddenlyoccurredto/struckmethatIhadntseenPeterallday.我突然想到，我一整天都没看见彼得。(9)Itissaid/reported/announced/(well)knownthatItisknowntousallthathemeanswell.我们都知道他是好意的。(10)Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.Ittookusonemonthtocompletethisproject.我们花了一个月完成这项工程。,It作形式宾语.Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.该句型中的it作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为6123结构。6指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词,名词,分词。3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或从句。Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.HefeltitimportantlearningEnglishwell.Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.,A.sb+v.+it+that从句Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.,B.动词+it+that从句。常见于like,take,have,put等少数动词之后。Itakeitthattheywillsucceedsoonerorlater.（认为，以为；猜想）我认为他们迟早会成功的。ThenewspapershaveitthatsomeJapanesefirmshavegonebankrupt.报上说一些日本商号破产了。(haveit声称)putit,C.动词itwhen/if从句。常见于appreciate,enjoy,like,dislike,love,hate,prefer等少数动词之后。Wewouldmuchappreciateitifyoucoulddousthatfavour.要是你们能帮我们这个忙，我们将非常感激。IdpreferitifIdidnthavetofinishthework.要是我不必完成那项工作，那就太好了。,d.动词+it+过去分词+从句。常见于几个可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词之后。Ihearditsaidthatthatfactorywasfoundedin1995.我听说那家工厂是1995年创建的。Theyhaventmadeitknownwherethemeetingistotakeplace.他们没有宣布会议在哪里召开。,e.动词+it+介词短语+that从句。常见于bringittoonesattention;oweittosb(归功于);takeitforgranted等结构中。IoweittoyouthatIfinishedmyworkintime.多亏有你我才及时完成了工作。Donttakeitforgrantedthattheywillsupportyou.不要想当然地认为他们会支持你。,该句型中的it是一个形式宾语，表示模糊意思或代替后面that引导的宾语从句。因为在这个句型中的谓语动词都是需要跟宾语的，但又不能直接跟从句作宾语，于是就得在从句前加上一个形式宾语it。,常见的短语和动词有：counton(依靠，指望，期盼),seeto(负责),dependon(依靠),relyon(信赖，依靠)等。,Seetoitthat注意,务必,保证,Wearecountingonitthatyouwillcome.,findpossibleS+think+it+necessary+(forsb.)todosth./thatfeelimportant,除了替代从句，it还可以替代不定式和ing形式,arule2.S+V+it+onesduty+(forsb.)todosth./thatanhonour,3.S+V+it+nogood+doingsth.nouse,Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.Hefeltitnogoodplayingcomputergames.Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.,It作形式宾语的句型:(1)主语vt.(think/consider/feel/suppose/believeetc.)itadjtodosth.Ifounditdifficulttoexplaintohimwhathappened.我觉得向他解释清发生了什么事很困难。(2)主语vt.ituseful/useless/nogood/nousedoingsth.Hethoughtitnousegoingoverthesubjectagain.他认为再讨论这个问题没有用了。(3)主语vt.itadj.thatclauseHedidntmakeitclearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.他没有明确说明会议在什么时间、什么地点举行。,(5)seetoitthat务必使，保证使Willyouseetoitthattheluggageisbroughtback?你能保证行李会被拿回来吗？(6)表示喜欢，恨等心理方面的动词如:like,love,hate,appreciate,dislike等后加上it作形式宾语，再加上that/if/wh-从句作真正宾语。（详细解释见下）Idappreciateitifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.如果你愿意教我如何用电脑我将不胜感激。Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.,但我们常会碰到it用作形式宾语时之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语的情况，这一点在近几年高考试题中经常涉及，需引起同学们的注意。Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET1998)A.itB.thatC.theseD.them(答案为:A),我讨厌人们一边吃饭一边说话。Ilike_intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(全国卷2004)A.thisB.thatC.itD.one(答案为:C)我喜欢秋天晴朗的天气。以上这两道高考题中，it用作形式宾语，它的真正的宾语则是由when引导的从句。“it”的这种特殊用法常出现在以下几种结构中。,理解了上述几种情形，不妨完成下列巩固练习：【答案在下方】1.Iwouldappreciateit_youcallbackthisafternoonforthedoctorsappointment.（上海卷2003）A.untilB.ifC.whenD.that2.Idontthink_possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchwork.(MET1990)A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it3.Wealltook_forgrantedthathewouldagreewithus.(MET1987)A.itB.himC.thatD.what,4._thatyouarenotlateforschoolagain.A.SeetoB.LooktoC.SeetoitD.Lookitto5.Iveoften_thathehasgreatconcernforhiscomrades.A.hearditsaidB.heardsaidC.heardsaiditD.hearditsay6.Whydontyoubring_tohisattentionthatyouaretooilltogoonworking?A.thisB.youC.himD.it,参考答案：1.B2.D3.A4.C5.A6.D,Specialnotice:,itbevstherebe,“是”,“有”,_someoneatthedoor.Ithink_themantodeliverthemilk.Letshurry!_alongwaytogo._noneedtohurry.Westillgetmuchtime._awonderthatherefusessuchagoodoffer.,Thereis,itis,Thereis,Thereis,Itis,Itis?Thereis?,5._nodoubtthathehasdonesomethingbad.6._nopossibilitythathewillcheatus.7._nogoodarguingwiththeunreasonablewoman.8._nodifferencebetweenthetwoplans.,Thereis,Thereis,Itis,Thereis,9._wasatimewhen10._isnodenyingthat11._isachancethat12_usedtobeatreeinthehouse.13._goeswithoutsayingthat不言而喻14._occurredtosbthat,15._isconvenienttosb.16.When_comestofootball,Iamworse.17._turnedoutthat18._hadntbeenfortheexams,Iwouldhavebeenthere.,1.(2005,全国)ThedoctoradvisedVesastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but_didnthelp.A.itB.sheC.whichD.he正确答案：A。根据句意：医生的建议未起作用。it代替整个句子。2.(2004,全国)-Doyoulike_here?-Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingisnice.A.thisB.theseC.thatD.It正确答案：D。根据下文，提问者不能确定被问者喜欢什么，it用于不确定指代或模糊指代。3.(2000,上海)Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis正确答案：D。说话时，不知道对方的性别。注意在宾语从句中需用陈述语序。,4.(2007,全国)Haveyouheardthelatestnews?No,what_?A.isitB.isthereC.aretheyD.arethose正确答案：A。it指代上文提及的latestnews。6.(2002,北京)-Hewasnearlydrownedonce.-Whenwas_?-_wasin1998whenhewasinMiddleSchool.A.that,ItB.this,ThisC.this,ItD.that,This正确答案：A。it指时间。,8.（2005，江苏）Immovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthan_inthecity.A.onesB.oneC.thatD.those正确答案：C。分析语境和逻辑关系可以知道：该空指代theair，且有inthecity后置定语修饰。9.(2004,北京)TheForeignMinistersaid,“_ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.A、ThisisB、ThereisC、ThatisD、Itis正确答案：D由句意易知：that从句是真正的主语;it为形式主语。,。12.(2006,全国)Itisno_arguingwithBillbecausehewillneverchangehismind.A.useB.helpC.timeD.way分析：正确答案：A。为固定结构。13.(2007,天津)Hedidntmake_clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.A.thisB.thatC.itD.these正确答案：C。it为形式宾语，clear后的从句为真正的宾语。14.(2006,湖南)AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade_herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeoplesaffairsinthattown.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it正确答案：D。真正宾语为不定式。,16、(2004,全国)Ilike_intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A、thisB、thatC、itD、one正确答案：C。love/enjoy/hate和like的用法相同，后接宾语从句时需用it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置。,17、(2003,上海)Iwouldappreciateit_youcallbackthisafternoonforthedoctorsappointmen