新概念英语一册语法总复习.ppt

,时态,一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时1.一般现在时表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。含有be动词的句子Heisateacher.Thegirlisverybeautiful.TimandJackarestudents.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Isheateacher?Isthegirlverybeautiful?AreTimandJackstudents?,肯定回答及否定回答Yes,heis.No,heisnot.Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot变否定句在be动词后面加notHeisnotateacher.Thegirlisnotverybeautiful.TimandJackarenotstudents.不含有动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词Helikesbooks.Shelikeshim.Thedoglikesbones.,变疑问句在句首加does,动词变为原型Doeshelikebooks?Doesshelikehim?Doesthedoglikebones?变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesnt,动词变为原型Hedoesntlikebooks.Shedoesntlikehim.Thedogdoesntlikebones.肯定回答及否定回答：Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesnt.Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesntYes,itdoes.No,itdoesnt.,注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S，不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词Iwanttohaveabath.Wehavesomemeat.Thestudentslikesmartteachers.变疑问句在句首加doDoyouwanttohaveabath?肯定回答及否定回答Dowehaveanymeat?Dothestudentslikesmartteachers?变否定句在主语和动词之间加dont.Youdontwanttohaveabath.Wedonthaveanymeat.Thestudentsdontlikesmartteachers.,2.现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成：主语be动词动词的现在分词其它成分Wearehavinglunch.Heisreadingabook.Thedogisrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.,变疑问句将be动词移到句首Arewehavinglunch?Ishereadingabook?Isthedogrunningafteracat?Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?变否定句在be动词后面加notWearenothavinglunch.Heisnotreadingabook.Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.,特殊疑问句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑问词动词主语现在分词Whatareyoudoing?Whatisshedoing?Whatisthedogdoing?(必背)没有进行时的动词表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1.表示感觉，感官的词see,hear,like,love,want,2.have,has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时,3.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago,含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，am,is的过去式为was，are的过去式为wereIwasatthebutchers.Youwereastudentayearago.Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.变疑问句将be动词移动到句首Wereyouatthebutchers?Wereyouastudentayearago?Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?,变否定句在be动词后面加notIwasnotatthebutchers.Youwerenotastudentayearago.Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.肯定回答否定回答Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.Yes,youwere.No,youwerenot.Yes,he/shewas.No,he/shewasnot.特殊疑问句：Whatdidyoudo?(必背)不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboywenttoarestaurant.TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.KingStreetayearago.,e.g.walked,jumpede.g.washed,watchede.g.waited,hated,变疑问句在句首加did，动词变为原型Didyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?Didtheboygotoarestaurant?DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?KingStreetayearago?变否定句在主语和动词之间加didnotIdidnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.KingStreetayearago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Idid.No,Ididnt.Yes,hedid.No,hedidnt.Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.,4.现在完成时构成：主语+助动词have,has+过去分词用法：1)表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just,usually,already,since等时间副词连用Ihavejusthadlunch.(饱了，不用再吃了)Hehashadacupoftea.（不渴了，不用再喝）Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.（不能再度假了）Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.（已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了）2)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.,句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.e.g.Haveyoulostyourpen?Ihavenotlostmypen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.特殊疑问句：Whathaveyoudone?Whathashedone?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错：IveleftBeijingfor3days.对：IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.,5.一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作，经常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,infivehourstime,etc.表示将来的词联用结构：主语+助动词will+动词原形IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?,变否定句在助动词后面加notIwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iwill.No,Iwillnot.Yes,he/shewill.No,he/shewillnot.Yes,hewill.No,hewillnot.特殊疑问句：Whatwillyoudo?,6.过去完成时：用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。结构：had+过去分词Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首Hadshefinishedherhomework?变否定句在助动词后面加notShehadntfinishedherhomework.,肯定回答及否定回答Yes,shehad.No,shehadnt.特殊疑问句：Whathadshedone?7.过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作,经常用在when,while,as引导的状语从句中。结构：was/were+doingWhenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.Whilewewerehavingdinner,myfatherwaswatchingTV.8过去将来时结构：woulddoShesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning.,句型,1.Begoingto结构表示打算，准备，计划做某事结构：主语+be动词+goingto+动词原型Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Areyougoingtomakeabookcase?Aretheygoingtopaintit?Isthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter?,变否定句在be动词后面加notIamnotgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisnotgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.Yes,heis.No,heisnot.特殊疑问句Whatareyougoingtodo?Whataretheygoingtodo?Whatisthefathergoingtodo?,2.Therebe句型表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)Thereis单数名词表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）Thereisabookinthisroom.ThereisapenonthetableThereare复数名词表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）Therearetwopensonthetable.Therearethreeschoolsthere.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Isthereabookinthisroom?Aretheretwopensonthetable?,变否定句在动词后面加notThereisnotabookinthisroom.Therearenottwopensonthetable.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,thereis.No,thereisnot.Yes,thereare.No,therearenot.,3问句：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句一般疑问句:助动词/be动词+主语Areyouateacher?Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea?特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whatisyourname?选择疑问句:orDoyouwantbeeforlamb?反意疑问句:肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分，否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分Youdontneedthatpen,doyou?否定疑问句:一般疑问句+否定词Arentyoulucky?Dontyouwanthavearest?,4、感叹句1.What+a/an+adj+nWhat+adj+nWhat+n(Whatamess!/Whatapity!)2.How+adj+主+谓如：Thedogiscute.Whatacutedog!Howcutethedogis!,5.祈使句：祈使句（第二人称）祈使句表示请求，命令，建议，邀请等，谓语动词一律用原型，句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹好或者句号，用降调肯定句动词原型例，Comehere,please.Godownstairs,please.Standup.Sitdown.Bequiet.Becareful.祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句尾Comein,Amy.Sitdownhere,Tom.Mary,givemeabookplease.,否定：Dont+动词原型Dontcomehere.Dontsitdown.Dontstandup.Dontgivemeit.letsb.doLetmepass.Letushavearest.Letshavearest.(反意疑问)：Letshaveawalkalongtheriver,shallwe?Letusgooutforadrink,willyou?,6倒装句：so/neither的倒装eg.Hecanswim.SocanI.Ididntgotoclass.NeitherdidI.结构：so/neither+be+主语so/neither+助动词+主语so/neither+情态动词+主语一般现在时,do,does/am,is,are现在进行时,am,is,are一般过去时,did现在完成时,have,has一般将来时,will,shall,过去进行时，was,were过去完成时，had过去将来时,would,词类,形容词和副词的比较级和最高级,一.限定词：some,any,many,muchsome,any修饰可数名词或不可数名词，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句，注意，当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some“许多”many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示很多一般不用many,much,而用alotof,在否定句中表示很多用many,much.Ihavealotofmoney.Idonthavemuchmoney.,二名词：种类，复数，名词所有格1名词分为可数名词和不可数名词不可数名词无法分开的东西：water,tea,bread,milk,rice（米）抽象的东西：love,beauty,coldness（寒冷）不可数名词有以下特点：不能用a,an修饰不能加s和单数be动词或动词搭配可数名词：单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化：,三副词：用法及形容词变副词的变化副词可以修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。如：Thebookisverygood.Herunsfast.Shecameherequiteearly.CertainlyIwillgowithyou.变化：1直接在形容词后加-ly,careful-carefully,slow-slowly,2以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变I,加-ly,happy-happily,lucky-luckily3有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化fast,hard,late4有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远：neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately,四情态动词的使用：can,must,may,might,need,1情态动词can（能够）,must（必须）,may（可以）结构：主语+can/must/may+动词原型Hecanmakethetea.Sallycanairtheroom.WecanspeakEnglish.变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Canhemakethetea?CanSallyairtheroom?CanwespeakEnglish?,变否定句在情态动词后面加notHecannotmakethetea.Sallycannotairtheroom.WecannotspeakEnglish.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,hecan.No,hecannot.Yes,shecan.No,shecannot.Yes,wecan.No,wecannot.特殊疑问句：Whatcanyoudo?(必背)注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。,2Must/haveto的区别must表示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，haveto是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而havetodo可以用在任何时态3must,may,might表示猜测：mustdo表示对现在事实的猜测musthavedone表示对过去事实的猜测musthavebeendoing表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测may/mightdo,may/mighthavedone表示没有任何事实依据的猜测，might的可能性更小。cant/couldnt表示不可能,4need用法：表示“需要”时为实意动词，后面可以加名词，也可以加不定式：Ineedapen.Doyouneedanybeer?No,Idont.Ineedtohavearest.Need在否定时做情态动词使用Youneedntgosoearly.=Youdontneedtogosoearly.MustIcleanthedeskrightnow?No,youneednt.,从句,一.直接引语/间接引语如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态，人称，时间地点及指示词时态变化：一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时begoingtowas/weregoingto/wouldcan-couldmay-might时间地点及指示词的变化：herethere,tomorrowthenextday,thefollowingday,thisthat人称变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新,二、宾语从句在句中作宾语，一般用that引导，但在口语中经常省略掉that。可用在say，think，believe，hope，know，understand，suppose等动词之后；也可用在某些描写感情的形容词之后，如afraid，sure，sorry，glad等之后。,时态1.如果主句是一般现在时，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定,Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.,2.如果主句一般过去时，从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。,Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.,连词（引导词）,1.陈述句that,2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Letsseeif/whetherhecaneatalltheseburgers.,如果从句中含有or或ornot时，只能用whether而不用if,Couldyoutellmewhetherthatsafasttrainornot?Doyouknowwhetherheisrightornot?Idontcarewhetherhellstayhereornot.,3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,who,whom,which,whose）或连接副词（when,where,how,why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略,Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idontrememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.,三、定语从句修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。结构：先行词+关系词+句子关系代词who,that,whom引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who,that(作主语或宾语)whom(作宾语),who/whom/that作宾语：(可省略),Themanisafamouswriter.Hedescribedthemanjustnow.,Theman(who/whom/that)hedescribedjustnowisafamouswriter.(作宾语）,Theboywho(m)Imlookingforismyfriend.Thethiefhasbeensenttoprison.Thepolicecaughtthethieflastnight.,Thethiefwhomthepolicecaughtlastnighthasbeensenttoprison.,关系代词that,which引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which.(作主语或宾语),which/that作宾语：（可省略）,This