2016年奥巴马就职演讲背景分析

1 / 29 2016 年奥巴马就职演讲背景分析 一、演说与修辞时下英语界一般将英语文体分为口头体和书面体两大类。但实践证明，这样的划分失之粗率。其弊病在于名实难符：口头体并不仅限于口语形式，而书面体也不仅限于书面形式。譬如，正式场合的演讲、报告，以及官方的谈话所用的文体就不能划入口语体，而应属于书面体。 演说活动自古以来就是人类社会的一项重要活动。演讲者通过宣传某种思想，让听众理解和接受自己的观点和主张，进而号召听众采取一致的行动。演讲者要达到预想的演讲效果必须研究演说词的语言表达艺术。演说词的修辞 手法是演讲者最主要的语言技巧。修辞是从表达方式，表达效果的角度去研究语音、词汇、语法的运用。 美国总统的就职演说是一种在特定场合下的演说。现场听众可达百万之众，并且向国内外进行现场直播。美国民众及世界各国总是对新总统有着无限期待，总统的就职演说可谓是新政府向民众交出的第一份答卷。总统要在就职演说中抒发自己的治国理想，分析国家面临的困难和挑战，宣布自己的施政纲领以及如何实现民众的希望。各大媒体的调查表明，大多数美国民众对奥巴马的就职演说感到满意和非常满意。本文拟从语音、词汇和句法三个方面的修辞手段 的使用情况对奥巴马的就职演说进行文体分析，探讨这篇演说词的语言艺术。 2 / 29 二、奥巴马演说词的修辞手段 1.音韵修辞格 头韵是语音修辞手段之一。它是指两个以上紧邻单词首音相同。头韵的修辞作用是增强语言的节奏感，使语言产生音乐般的美感。头韵多用于诗歌和散文中，但人们也经常在演讲中运用头韵来增加语言的美感，加深听众的印象。同样尾韵也有类似的修辞作用。 奥巴马就职演说中运用头韵的句子有： 1） With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat? 2） We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this earth. 运用尾韵的句子有： 1） Homes have been lost; jobs shed; business shuttered. 2） Rather, it has been the risk takers, the doers, the makers of things. 2） Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America. 拟人：把事、物、观念拟作人，赋予它们以人的思3 / 29 想、感情与行为方式。 1） We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. 2） In the year of America s birth? 夸张：在真实的基础上有意言过其实以更好地反映事物的 本质。 1） Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. 2） The snow was stained with blood. 借代或称转喻：不相类似的甲乙之间有着不可分离的关系，利用这种关系以乙事物的名称来代替甲事物。 1） Those of us who manage the public s dollars will be held to account to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day. 2） ?and endure what storms may come. 3.句法修辞格 句法修辞格是通过对句子结构的特定安排达到特别的修辞效果。 比如奥巴马在其就职演说中使用了下列句法修辞手4 / 29 段： 排比：由三项或以上的词语或句子构成，其并列的结构相同或类似，意义相关，语气连贯。 1） Our nation is at war,?Our economy is badly weakened,?Our health care is too costly. 2） For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and travelled across oceans in search of anew life. For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the west; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth. For us, th ey fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg, Normandy and KheSanh. 反复：不止一次地使用同一词语或句子。与排比的区别在于，反复着重于词语，排比着重于结构。 1） So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans. 2） ?these things are old. These things are true. 对偶：工整匀称的并列结构，常把字数、结构相同或相近，意义彼此相关的两个词或并列结构对称地排列在一起，是表示对比关系的有效手段。 1） Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, program will end. 5 / 29 2） America, in the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. 倒装：谓语置于主语之前，词序不同于正常语序的语法修辞手段，达到强调句子中某一成分的目的。 1） They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please Obama inaugural speech language features 关于奥巴马就职演说词语言特色的分析 _句子结构 时间： 2016-06-18 08:52:51 来源：句子结构 作者：秩名 论文导读 :：这也正是政治演说通常带有明显的宗教色彩的原因。关于奥巴马就职演说词语言特色的分析。 论文关键词：就职演说修辞手段，宗教色彩，句子结构 总统大多在美国历史上占有特殊地位，其演说亦各具特色。二百多年来，从乔治 .华盛顿到巴洛克 .奥巴马，总统们通过就职演说表达其美好希望和英雄梦想，展示其雄才大略和施政纲领。因此，很多的就职演说词不仅 仅是总统个人忠诚与热情、风度与智慧的生动写照，更是美国民族社会与历史、经济与文化的壮丽画卷，值得鉴赏和学习。 作为美国的第四十四任总统句子结构，巴洛克 .奥巴马就任之际正逢全国性的经济危机，其就职演说不可避免的6 / 29 也会起到表达这位新晋总统的政治思想和增加公众对于政府的信心的作用。本文将从修辞手段的运用，句子类型以及宗教特色等多方面就这篇就职演说词的语言特色进行分析。 一 修辞特色 总统就职演说的主要目的是通过宣传本届政府的主要政策以唤起民众的热情，使民众认可新政府并加以支持。各类修辞手段的运用将会使得演说更加生动和具有说服力，以达到上述目的。 1.排比的运用 排比是由三个或三个以上结构相同或相似、内容相关、证据一致的短语或句子排列在一起，用来加强语势强调内容，加重感情的修辞方式。在其演说词中，奥巴马多次运用这种修辞方式，起到了吸引听众和加强效果的作用。在文中可以找到多处例句： ?On this day, we gather because On thisday, we come to proclaim ? For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions For us,they toiled in sweatshops For us, they fought and died ?The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow wasstained with blood. ?We remain a young nation, but in the words of 7 / 29 Scripture, thetime has come to set aside childish things. The time has come toreaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our betterhistory; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed onfrom generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, allare free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure ofhappiness. 奥巴马的就职演说总共有 3055 个单词，而排比在此文中的运用超过十次，其中包括单词 ?、短语 ?、句子 ?甚至是段落 ?&?的排比。胡曙中通过对英汉排比修辞的比较指出，汉语的排比不仅强调结构上的对称，而且要求具有重复性中国论文下载中心。英语中的排比则更注重前者。例如： The time hascome to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our betterhistory; to carry forward that precious gift. 这个句子运用整齐的排比句式，不仅曾强了语气，更表达了更加深刻的思想内涵，演说者的目的在于提醒民众明确当下历史时刻的严峻性和跨越眼前的重重障碍所要选择的正确道路。总之，大量排比的应用使得该就职演说词充满激情和韵律句子结构，同时演说的中心思想得到深刻和富有逻辑的表达。 2. 反复的运用 在现代英语中，反复通常被用来表 达强烈的感受，8 / 29 展示压抑的情感或是强调某物的重要性。在奥巴马的就职演说词中，有多个词如“危机”等被反复使用。具体分析如下： 通过分析上表可以看出，总统在演说中多次提到我们以及表示危机、精神和奋斗等意义的词语。通过反复的强调，使整个国家的听众感受到总统战胜危机、继续推进国家发展的决心和信心。在演说词中，较之于对“ threat”的轻蔑语气，奥巴马更青睐“ work”一词，这也清楚而且强烈的表达出了他对于当前国家经济状况的政治态度和决心。与其他词相比，“ we”是使用次数最多的一个单词。在这一个个的我们当中， 听众感受到与演说者的一种强烈的亲密联系，整个国家仿佛一个紧密团结的整体，应当共同努力、共同奋斗以及共同前行。由此，演说的目的也就达到了。 3. 头韵的运用 有魅力的语言是一定是充满韵律的。头韵是英语语音修辞手段之一 ,它蕴含了语言的音乐美和整齐美 ,使得语言声情交融、音义一体 ,具有很强的表现力和感染力 .它指的是在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。 在就职演说词中，奥巴马多次运用这种修辞方式以吸引听众的注意力。例如： Time and againthese men and women struggled and sacrificed.We remain the most prosperous,powerful nation on Earth. With old friends 9 / 29 and former foes,we will .that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, cameforth to meet . 每种文体的写作都要考虑 文字读起来是否流畅和有节奏，总统的演讲稿也不能例外。恰当的运用压头韵的修辞手段，将会是的演说词的语言抑扬顿挫、富有节奏感，从而起到感染气氛和增强效果的作用。 二宗教特色 宗教是西方文化不可或缺的组成部分。在历次的就职演说中，总统们通常都会希望借助上帝的力量使得他们的演说更加充满吸引力和感染力。这也正是政治演说通常带有明显的宗教色彩的原因。奥巴马在他的就职演说中，多次直接引用圣经中的句子来表达其政治观点，目的在于使得本次演说更加具有说服力，鼓励民众树立对新政府迎战危机、重建更美好未来 的信心。 ? We remain a young nation, but in the words ofScripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The God-given promise that all are equal,all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure ofhappiness. ? We are a nation of Christians and Muslims,Jews and Hindus - and non-believers. In this sentence, 10 / 29 the Presidents standis shown by mentioning most of the main religious believes in the USA , whichwould benefit the unity of the different religious believers and the lesseningof religious conflicts. ?. with eyes fixed onthe horizon and God s grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift offreedom and delivered it safely to future generations.在就职演说的最后，奥巴马总统祈求上帝的赐福，号召民众将上帝所赋予人类的自由之权世代相传，无所畏惧迎战一切困难。 三句式结构 与日常会话、广告词和新闻报道等不同，总统就职演说在句式结构上也有独特的要求中国论文下载中心。在演讲中，陈述句居多，而一般很少使用疑问句，原因是虽然疑问句会使得演讲的语言生动，但同时也会削弱演说的严肃性句子结构，因而降低演说的信服力。 在奥巴马的演说词中没有运用疑问句。除了陈述句以外，大部分的句子都是祈使句。文中多次使用以“ Let us”开头的祈使句 ，例如： Let usremember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more theicy currents, and endure what storms may come. 祈使句的11 / 29 作用在于直接性的感染听众、呼吁听众按照演说者的意愿行动。 恰当的运用祈使句可以使得演说具有极强的号召力。巴洛克 .奥巴马就任之际恰逢美国身处经济危机的关键时刻，为达到鼓励民众为经济复兴而努力奋战的目的，很显然对于当前形势轻描 淡写的描述肯定是不够的。在这种情况下，他的就职演说必须具备足够的吸引力和号召力，才能够挽回濒临对政府失去信任边缘的民众的心。 巴拉克 .奥巴马总统是一位十分具有演说才能的总统，他的就职演说更是取得了巨大的成功。这篇就职演说无论在阐述观点还是文字修饰方面都颇具功力，具有很高的政治价值和文学价值。由于演说词庄重严肃的独特语境 ,虽然这篇演说是通过口头方式进行表达的 ,却具有较强的书面语特征。本文通过对其就职演说在修辞手法、宗教色彩和句子结构特点等语言特色方面的分析，意在指出修辞手段的熟练运用，对演说词的文 体特征的准确把握以及此演说富有的浓郁的宗教色彩都使它成为英文政治演说中的成功之作 ,不仅具有很高的欣赏价值 ,而且顺利地达到了总统就职演说的政治目的。 参考文献 黄任，英语修辞与写作 M 。上海 :上海外语教育出版社 ,1996。 12 / 29 胡曙中，英汉修辞比较研究 M。上海 :上海外语教育出版社 , 1993。 胡曙中，英语修辞学 M。上海 :上海外语教育出版社 , 2001。 熊莉，从就职演说词看肯尼迪演说的文体风格 J。西南民族大学学报 :人文社科版 , XX, 。 王佐良 ,丁旺道。英语文体学引论 M。北京 :外语教学与研究出版社 , 1987。 徐振忠，英语政治演说词的宗教色彩 J。现代外语 ,1995,。 姓名：段学雯 文章字数： 3000 图表： 1 个 2016 年美国总统奥巴马就职演说中英文对照文稿 北京时间 1 月 22 日凌晨，贝拉克侯赛因奥巴马宣誓就职第四十四任美利坚合众国总统并发表就职演说。奥巴马在演讲中追溯美国民主传统和宪法精神，强调了民众的力量。演讲中涉及了包括就业、医保、移民和同性恋等多项议 题，以下为奥巴马就职演说全文： MR. OBAMA: Thank you. Thank you so much. Vice President Biden, Mr. Chief Justice, Members of the United States Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow citizens: 谢谢，非常感谢大家。拜登副总统、首席大法官先13 / 29 生、国会议员们、尊敬的各位嘉宾、亲爱的公民们。 Each time we gather to inaugurate a president, we bear witness to the enduring strength of our Constitution. We affirm the promise of our democracy. We recall that what binds this nation together is not the colors of our skin or the tenets of our faith or the origins of our names. What makes us exceptional what makes us American is our allegiance to an idea, articulated in a declaration made more than two centuries ago: 当我们每次聚集在一起为总统举行就职典礼时，我们都是在见证美国宪法的不朽力量。我们是在又一次立下美国民主的承诺。 我们再次提醒说，把这个国家凝聚在一起的不是我们的肤色，不是信仰的教条，也不是我们的姓氏源于何处。使我们与众不同 使我们成为美国人 的，是我们对一个在两个多世纪以前发表的宣言中所表述的理念： “ We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.” “我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，他们都从他们的造物主那里被赋予了某些不可剥夺的权利，14 / 29 包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。” Today we continue a never-ending journey, to bridge the meaning of those words with the realities of our time. For history tells us that while these truths may be self-evident, they have never been self-executing; that while freedom is a gift from God, it must be secured by His people here on Earth. The patriots of 1776 did not fight to replace the tyranny of a king with the privileges of a few or the rule of a mob. They gave to us a Republic, a government of, and by, and for the people, entrusting each generation to keep safe our founding creed. 今天，我们仍在继续这个永恒的旅程，让那些字句体现在我们这个时代的现实中。因为历史告诉我们，虽然这些真理是不言而喻的，但它们却不会自动实现；虽然自由是上帝给我们的礼物，但自由只能靠他在世间的子民的奋斗才能获得。 1776 年爱国先驱们所进行的斗争并不是以少数人的特权或乌合之众的统治来替代专制君主。他们为我们缔造的是一个共和国，一个民有、民治、民享的政府，并将捍卫这个建国理念的任务交给一代又一代的后人。 For more than two hundred years, we have. 两百 多年的历史证明，我们做到了。 15 / 29 Through blood drawn by lash and blood drawn by sword, we learned that no union founded on the principles of liberty and equality could survive half-slave and half-free. We made ourselves anew, and vowed to move forward together. 从皮鞭下和刺刀尖流出的鲜血中，我们发现，建立在自由和平等原则之上的合众国不能一半是蓄奴的，一半是自由的。我们浴火重生，我们发誓共同努力向前。 Together, we determined that a modern economy requires railroads and highways to speed travel and commerce; schools and colleges to train our workers. 我们共同决定，现代经济需要铁路和公 路，以加快旅行和商业，也需要中小学和大学来培训我们的工人。 Together, we discovered that a free market only thrives when there are rules to ensure competition and fair play. 我们一起发现，只有确保竞争和公平的法规健全，自由市场才能欣欣向荣。 Together, we resolved that a great nation must care for the vulnerable, and protect its people from life s worst hazards and misfortune. 16 / 29 我们一同决定，一个伟大国家必须关照弱者，并保护我们的人民免受生活中最严重的危险和不幸。 Through it all, we have never relinquished our skepticism of central authority, nor have we succumbed to the fiction that all society s ills can be cured through government alone. Our celebration of initiative and enterprise; our insistence on hard work and personal responsibility, are constants in our character. 在做这一切的时候，我们从来没有放弃对政府集中权力的怀疑，我们也没有屈就于那种相信只靠政府就可以解决所有社会弊病的幻想 。我们一直保持着自己的秉性，推崇创造力和企业家精神，坚持辛勤工作和个人责任。 But we have always understood that when times change, so must we; that fidelity to our founding principles requires new responses to new challenges; that preserving our individual freedoms ultimately requires collective action. For the American people can no more meet the demands of today s world by acting alone than American soldiers could have met the forces of fascism or communism with muskets and militias. No single person can train all the math and science 17 / 29 teachers we ll need to equip our children for the future, or build the roads and networks and research labs that will bring new jobs and businesses to our shores. Now, more than ever, we must do these things together, as one nation, and one people. 但是我们也很明白，随着时代的变化，我们也必须变化；我们出于对基本原则的忠诚，需要对新的挑战做出新的回应；我们为保护个人自由就最终需要集体作出努力。美国人民如果再单打独斗去应付当今世界的挑战，等于让美国军队以长枪和民兵组织去面对法西斯主义或共产主义的武装。没有任何一个个人有能力训练出我们后代的教育需要的所有数学和科学教师，或者建造出能把新的工作和商业机会带给我们的道路、网络、实验室。现在比以往任何时候都需要我们共同努力，作为一个国家人民的整体，来做这些事情。 This generation of Americans has been tested by crises that steeled our resolve and proved our resilience. A decade of war is now ending. An economic recovery has begun. America s possibilities are limitless, for we possess all the qualities that this world without boundaries demands: youth and drive; diversity and openness; an endless capacity for risk and a gift for reinvention. My fellow Americans, we are 18 / 29 made for this moment, and we will seize it so long as we seize it together. 我们这一代美国人经历过危机的考验，这些危机坚定了我们的决心，也证明了我们的耐力。长达 10 年的战争即将结束，经济复苏已经开始，美国的潜力是无限的，因为我们拥有这个全球化的世界需要的所有特质：我们年轻有动力，多元而开放，我们有应对危机的无限能力和创新发展的天赋。美国同胞们，我们为这个时刻而生，只要我们共同努力，我们就能牢牢抓住这个机会。 For we, the people, understand that our country cannot succeed when a shrinking few do very well and a growing many barely make it. We believe that Americas prosperity must rest upon the broad shoulders of a rising middle class. We know that America thrives when every person can find independence and pride in their work; when the wages of honest labor liberate families from the brink of hardship. We are true to our creed when a little girl born into the bleakest poverty knows that she has the same chance to succeed as anybody else, because she is an American, she is free, and she is equal, not just in the eyes of God but also in our own. 我们美国人知道，我们的国家不可能在只有越来越19 / 29 少的人富有、越来越多的人捉襟见肘的情况下取得成功，我们相信美国的繁荣有赖于更多的人成为中产阶级，我们知道美国的振兴取决于每个人都能在工作中找到独立与自信，也取决于人们诚实的劳动让家庭脱离贫困。当一个出身贫困的年轻女孩知道，她与任何人都享有同样的成功机会，身为美国人，她不仅仅是在上帝眼中，而且在每一个人的眼中，她都享有自由与平等，这样我们才算是遵守了立国的原则。 We understand that outworn programs are inadequate to the needs of our time. We must harness new ideas and technology to remake our government, revamp our tax code, reform our schools, and empower our citizens with the skills they need to work harder, learn more, and reach higher. But while the means will change, our purpose endures: a nation that rewards the effort and determination of every single American. That is what this moment requires. That is what will give real meaning to our creed. 我们明白，目前那些陈旧的政府计划跟不上时代。我 们必须驾驭新的思想和技术以重塑政府，更新税法，改革学校，并让公民能够掌握新技能，以便更加努力工作，学习更多的知识，以达到更高的目标。我们的方法虽然会改变，但目的始终如一：建设一个奖励每个人的努力和决心的国家。这是当下所需要的。这是我们信念20 / 29 的真正意义所在。 We, the people, still believe that every citizen deserves a basic measure of security and dignity. We must make the hard choices to reduce the cost of health care and the size of our deficit. But we reject the belief that America must choose between caring for the generation that built this country and investing in the generation that will build its future. For we remember the lessons of our past, when twilight years were spent in poverty, and parents of a child with a disability had nowhere to turn. We do not believe that in this country, freedom is reserved for the lucky, or happiness for the few. We recognize that no matter how responsibly we live our lives, any one of us, at any time, may face a job loss, or a sudden illness, or a home swept away in a terrible storm. The commitments we make to each other through Medicare, and Medicaid, and Social Security these things do not sap our initiative; they strengthen us. They do not make us a nation of takers; they free us to take the risks that make this country great. 我们，美国人，仍然相信，每位公民都应该得到基21 / 29 本的安全和尊严。我们必须作出降低我们的医保费用和赤字规模的艰难抉择。但是，我们拒绝接受这种看法，亦即美国必须在照顾建设了国家的那代人和投资于开创国家未来的那代人之 间作出选择。我们记得过去的教训：老人的暮年在贫困中度过，残疾孩子的父母走投无路。我们不相信，在这个国家里自由只属于幸运者，幸福只属于少数人。我们知道，无论我们平日如何负责，我们当中任何人，在任何时候，都有可能面临失业、突然生病或者房子被风暴卷走的情况。我们通过联邦医疗保险、医疗补助计划以及社会安全保障为彼此作出的承诺，不仅不会挫伤我们的积极性，反而使我们更加强壮。它们不会使我们成为一群不劳而获的人，反而使我们敢于去冒险，这才使国家强大。 We, the people, still believe that our obligations as Americans are not just to ourselves, but to all posterity. We will respond to the threat of climate change, knowing that the failure to do so would betray our children and future generations. Some may still deny the overwhelming judgment of science, but none can avoid the devastating impact of raging fires, and crippling drought, and more powerful storms. The path towards sustainable energy sources will be long and sometimes difficult. But America cannot resist this 22 / 29 transition; we must lead it. We cannot cede to other nations the technology that will power new jobs and new industries we must claim its promise. That is how we will maintain our economic vitality and our national treasure our forests and waterways; our croplands and snowcapped peaks. That is how we will preserve our planet, commanded to our care by God. That s what will lend meaning to the creed our fathers once declared. 我们，美国人，依然相信我们作为美国人的承诺不仅是对自己的，也是对所有子孙后代的。我们会对气候变化的威胁做出回应，因为我们了解如果不这样做，将会违背对子孙后代的承诺。有些人可能依然不 承认科学的判断，但所有人都无法不去正视疯狂的野火、残酷的干旱、更大风暴的袭击。通往可持续发展能源 的道路会是漫长的，而且有时会很艰难。但美国不能抗拒这个转变，而是必须领导这个转变。我们不能将可以增加就业、诞生新型产业的这些技术拱手让给其它国家，我们必须拥有这些技术。这是维护我们经济的活力与国家财富的途径，这些财富包括我们的森林、江河、农田、雪山。这是保护我们的地球的途径，那是上帝交给我们去守护的。这也是我们为先驱们宣示的信念增加新的含义的途径。 We, the people, still believe that enduring 23 / 29 security and lasting peace do not require perpetual war. Our brave men and women in uniform, tempered by the flames of battle, are unmatched in skill and courage. Our citizens, seared by the memory of those we have lost, know too well the price that is paid for liberty. The knowledge of their sacrifice will keep us forever vigilant against those who would do us harm. But we are also heirs to those who won the peace and not just the war, who turned sworn enemies into the surest of friends, and we must carry those lessons into this time as well. 我们，美国人，依然相信不必通过无休止的战争就能获得永久的安全与和平。我们的军人久经战火考验，技能和勇气都举世无双。我们的人民永远铭记先烈们的牺牲，珍惜自由的来之不易。不忘先烈们的牺牲将让我们永远对敌人保持警惕。但是我们同样牢记那些不仅能够赢得战争、还能赢得和平、化顽敌为挚友的人们。这些经验教训，我们今天必须发扬光大。 We will defend our people and uphold our values through strength of arms and rule of law. We will show the courage to try and resolve our differences with other nations peacefully not because we are na?ve about the dangers we face, but because engagement can 24 / 29 more durably lift suspicion and fear. America will remain the anchor of strong alliances in every corner of the globe; and we will renew those institutions that extend our capacity to manage crisis abroad, f