广外英语文学欣赏U1.ppt

ErnestHemingway(1899-1961),Termsconcerned:,“lostgeneration”迷惘的一代“codehero”准则英雄“graceunderpressure”重压下保持优雅的风度“icebergtheory”冰山理论,“lostgeneration”,AtermfirstusedbyGertrudeSteintodescribethepost-WorldWarIgenerationofAmericanwriters:menandwomenhauntedbyasenseofbetrayalandemptinessbroughtaboutbythedestructivenessofthewar.ThetermiscommonlyappliedtoHartCrane,ErnestHemingway,F.ScottFitzgerald,andothers.,“codehero”,HemingwaydefinedtheCodeHeroasamanwholivescorrectly,followingtheidealsofhonor,courageandenduranceinaworldthatissometimeschaotic,oftenstressful,andalwayspainful.,TheCodeHeromeasureshimselfbyhowwelltheyhandlethedifficultsituationsthatlifethrowsathim.TheCodebelievesinNada,aSpanishwordmeaningnothing.Alongwiththis,thereisnoafterlife.TheCodeHeroistypicallyanindividualistandfree-willed.AfinaltraitoftheCodeHeroishisdislikeofthedark.,“icebergtheory”,economyunderstatement轻描淡写,Amanisnotmadefordefeat.amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated.,Groupwork,Theplotisfocusedontheoldman,theyoungerwaiterandtheolderwaiter.Trytofindoutalltheinformationabouteachcharacterandhaveadiscussioninyourgroup.,Questions:,1.Whoisthemaincharacter?2.Comparetheyoungerwaiterandtheoldwaiterintheirattitudestowardstheoldman.whoseattitudedoyoutaketobeclosertothatoftheauthor?EventhoughHemingwaydoesnoteditoriallystatehisownfeelings,howdoeshemakethemcleartous?3.Whatisthesignificanceof“aclean,well-lightedplace”totheoldman?,4.Whatinyourviewisthethemeof“AClean,Well-lightedPlace”?5.Whatfeaturescanyoufindinthestyleofthestory?,-conversationscomparisonssymbols,Symbols,thetitle“AClean,Well-LightedPlace”the“shadowoftheleaves”“insomnia”“nada”,Ournadawhoartinnada,nadabethynamethykingdomnadathywillbenadainnadaasitisinnada.Giveusthisnadaourdailynadaandnadausournadaaswenadaournadasandnadausnotintonadabutdeliverusfromnada;puesnada.我们的虚无缥缈就在虚无缥缈中，虚无缥缈是你的名字，你的王国也叫虚无缥缈，你将是虚无缥缈中的虚无缥缈，因为原来就是虚无缥缈。给我们这个虚无缥缈吧，我们日常的虚无缥缈，虚无缥缈是我们的，我们的虚无缥缈，因为我们是虚无缥缈的，我们的虚无缥缈，我们无不在虚无缥缈中，可是，把我们打虚无缥缈中拯救出来吧；,“OurFatherwhichartinheaven,hallowedbethyname.Thykingdomcomes.Thywillbedoneinearth,asitisinheaven.Giveusthisdayourdailybread.Andforgiveusoutdebts,asweforgiveourdebtors.Andleadusnotintotemptation,butdeliverusfromevil:forthineisthekingdom,andthepower,andtheglory,forever,A-men.”,LordsPrayer,parody模仿诗文,LiteraryFocus(Page24-25),Existentialism(存在主义)andHemingway-Existentialismisatwentieth-centuryphilosophyarguingthatethicalhumanbeingsareinasensecursedwithabsolutefreewillinapurposelessuniverse.“existencebeforeessence”;“meaninglessnessofhumanlife”;“existentialfreedom”-Hemingway:codehero(graceunderpressure),LiteraryFocus(Page38),Symbol(象征)-asymbolisasignwhichsuggestsmorethanitsliteralmeaning.-asymbolisanimagebutanimageisnotnecessarilyasymbol.1.theconventionalsymbols2.theoccasionally-coinedsymbols,相同之处：都是通过“象”这一形式来表达作者的内在情绪或思想。不同之处：意象是指在抒情性作品中，借助景物描写来传达出作者的感情，如王维：“大漠孤烟直，长河落日圆。”就是借助景物形成意象，来表达心中的那种寥廓孤寂之情；而象征用于预言式的象征性文学中，是用一个形象来表达一个哲理，如最有名的伊索寓言，就是大量运用象征手法的一部作品。这种手法在现代派作品中非