大学英语四级-作文解析.ppt

ThemegalleryPowerTemplate,大学英语四级写作新评分标准,2分-条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分-基本切题。表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分-基本切题。表达思想比较清楚，文字尚连贯；但语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误。11分-切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分-切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本无语言错误。,大学英语四级写作新评分标准,除了以上五个主要标准之外，评分时还考虑以下三个因素：l白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给零分。2.字数不足者酌情扣分(81-89个词扣1分，7l-80个词扣2分，61-70个词扣3分，51一60个词扣4分，不足50个词最多只给5分)。所计字数不包括卷面上已给主题句。3只写一段者0-4分，只写两段者0-9分。,一、人称,1.少用I，we,they,当想用somepeoplethat.多用sthiswidelyassumed/believedthat2.人称要一致，用we,they等，一用到底，切忌somepeopletheyweI,时态,1.一般现在时为主体2.使用悬垂结构A.Tocatchupwiththisdevelopment,weallfeelanurgentandstrongdesiretostudy.B.Choosinganoccupationtakestime,andtherearealotofthingsyouhavetothinkaboutasyoutrytodecidewhatyouwouldliketodo.,议论文的灵魂观点（Arguments）,考察我们的观点及对社会上的一些事情的看法和改进的措施如2002年6月的图表分析题StudentsUseofComputers2003年1月的ItPaystoBeHonest,暗合那几年风靡一时的高考作文题目诚信2006年1月的问我们对CampusTourism(即大学校园成为旅游景点的看法和观点)同年的6月又考察了arguments,是对OnStudentsSelectingLectures，问学生对自己选择任课教师这一问题的辩证性的看法。四级考试重视我们自己的perspective即观点，而且一般都是辩证性的观点，要格外的注意这一趋势。,第一段：按背景+观点提出有些人的观点；Incontemporarysociety,thereisagrowingtendencyovertherecentyearsforsb(人)todosth.(干什么)Thisissue/phenomenonhascausedwidepublicconcern.第二段：用asamatteroffact/however提出另一部分人的观点；However,peopleseemtofailtotakeintoaccountthefactthat./asamatteroffact,最后一段：用personally提出自己的观点及解决方法，最后总结。Frommypart,Iaminclinedtosupporttheideathat,永恒的三段论,1.每年，高校许多大学生受到鼓舞去贫困地区支教。2.支教活动的意义。3.我的看法。,AidEducationinChina,Eachyear,collegestudents,encouragedtoaidstudentsinthepoverty-strickenareas,volunteerthemselvesinpoorvillagesforayearandtrytoimproveeducationinpoorareas.Aid-educationhasbeenbeneficialintwoaspects.Ontheonehand,collegevolunteersarereallydevotedtothecause.Theyhaveopenedtheeyesofstudentsinunderdevelopedregionstotheoutsideworldbybringingthemnewknowledgeandthoughts.Asaresult,theyareextremelywell-receivedbythechildrenthere.Ontheotherhand,collegestudentshavereceivedarigoroustrainingbyadaptingtotheharshlivingconditions.Theyareenjoyingtheappreciationandno-distancefriendshipfromthechildren.Whatsmore,theyaregreatlyinspiredbythemovingandtirelessspiritofthechildren.Inmyopinion,Chinaseducationaldevelopmentcantbeisolatedfromeachindividualandwecollegestudentsshouldtaketheleadinresponsetotheappealforofferingaidtochildreninpoorareas.,1.现在某些高校校园禁止车辆驶入，2.这种规定的考虑，3.谈谈你的看法。点评：随着人们物质生活的提高，私家车发展迅猛，越来越多的私家车停放在校园，由此产生了一些问题，如空间被占、噪音污染、环境污染等，为此许多学校禁止车辆驶入校园，本预测题与2006年1月名校校园是否对外开放相仿，值得关注。,ShouldcarsbeallowedintoCollegeCampus?,Withtherapiddevelopmentofournationaleconomy,privatecarshavebecomeinlargenumber;ofcourse,quiteafewcarsareheavilydrivenintoCollegeCampus.Inasignificantway,thesecarsdonottakeupstudentsplacesforstudy,butactuallyaffecttheirdailylifeandstudy-forinstance,thiscrowdofcarsmaymakenoiseandemitfilthygastochokeustodeath.Andthecampusisjammedwithlinesofcarsandseemstobeparkinglotinsteadofanacademicinstitute.SocarshavebeenstrictlyprohibitedintomanyCollegeCampuses.Itseemsthatthisisnotconveniencetosomepersons,indeed,butthisisforthesakeofoursafety.Thuswhensomeoneenjoysconveniencefrommoderntools,dontforgetthatitisdangeroustothestudentsintheCollegeCampus.Therefore,IagreethatcarsarenotallowedintoCollegeCampus.Byandlarge,withthepriceofcarsfallingsignificantly,carswillenteraveragefamilies,andmostChinesewillenjoyaluxuriouslifestyleintheirlife.However,theyarestillprohibitedtodrivetheircarsintoCollegeCampus,which,Ithink,isahardtruthintheeyesofmostpeople.,1.信息安全问题日益重要2.信息安全事故可能导致的危害3.如何做到信息安全点评：随着我们步入信息社会和计算机应用的普及，利用计算机犯罪案件不断上升，信息安全事故频繁发生，媒体也不时有大量相关报道，如何保护信息安全成为人们关注的焦点，本预测题为社会热点，值得关注。,InformationSecurity,Thehumanbeingsaresteppingintotheinformationsociety.Theinformationindustrydevelopsveryrapidly,sodothehackers,trick-playingteens,exploringchildren,fraudsters,andseriouswhite-collarcriminals.Thus,informationsecuritybecomesanimpendingimportantissue.Incaseofinformationbreach,thevictims-governmentdepartment,anorganizationoraninstitution,oracompanywillinevitablysuffergreatorsmallloss.Governmentmaybethreatenedwithnationalsecurity.Companiesmayloseopportunitiestodevelopnewprojects.Andthepublicsandusersconfidencewillbedamaged.Thenhowtodealwiththisissue?Technologyisonlyapartialsolutiontoinformationsecurity.Whatsmoreimportantisthatorganizationsandcompaniesshouldpromotetheawarenessoninformationsecuritytoitsstaff.However,sincenosystemcaneverbe100percentsecure,aprevention-onlyapproachtoinformationsecuritymanagementisnotenough.Companiesandorganizationsshouldadoptadualapproachtoinformationsecuritymanagementbycombingpreventionanddetectiontechniques.,1一些学生赞成讲座式教学2另一些学生偏爱讨论式教学3你的看法点评：2007年12月考查了大学生选修课话题，再次证明四级作文命题自2003年以后侧重于校园生活话题，该预测与校园生活联系紧密，为四级作文命题经常关注的话题。本文属于对比观点加作者态度型的议论文写作。,LecturesandDiscussions,Thereisaheateddebateovertheroleoflecturesanddiscussionsintheclassroom.Somepeoplebelievethatlecturescanhelpstudentslearnmorequickly.Incontrast,othersholdthatdiscussionscanstimulatestudentstolearnbythemselves.Thosewhoholdthefirstopinionsuggestthatstudentsattendmorelectures.Intheirview,bygivinglecturesteachershelpstudentsmastertheknowledgetheyveaccumulatedoveryearsofstudyandresearch.However,othersthinkthatinadiscussion,theteacherusuallyguidesthestudentsinsteadofdominatingthem.Theyarguethattogetinvolvedinadiscussion,studentshavetodeveloptheirabilitytoanalyzeproblemsindependently.Inmyopinion,Istandonthesideofneitheridea.Firstofall,eithermethodhasitsdisadvantages.Furthermore,eachstudenthashisorherpreference.Thirdly,lecturesatepreferabletodiscussionsintheteachingofsciencesubjects,andonthecontrary,discussionsarepreferabletolecturesinstudyingthehumanities.Therefore,weshouldadoptdifferentteachingmethodsaccordingtodifferentsubjects.,a)社会实践的作用b)可能产生的问题c)提出建议点评：本篇文章属于解释性说明文。就业市场的竞争要求大学生具有丰富的社会实践，才能适应就业市场的竞争，所以现在在校大学生参与社会实践活动频繁，但如何处理好学业和社会实践的关系成为人们关注的话题。本预测题与大学生生活密切相关，也是四级作文关注的重要话题。,SocialPractice,Socialpracticehasbeenmoreandmorepopularinuniversitiesandcolleges.Studentsareaskedtoentersocietyandgetsomeideaofit.Surelysocialpracticehasmanyadvantages.Firstly,socialpracticecanofferstudentsachancetocontactsocietyandmeetdifferentkindsofpeople.Inthiswaystudentscangainsomevaluablesocialexperience,whichwillbeusefultotheirfuturecareer.Secondly,studentscanapplywhattheyhavelearnedinclasstopracticalwork,thusknowingthemselvesmoreclearly.Thirdly,socialpracticecanbringthemsomefinancialrewardandmakethemmoreindependentoftheirfamily.However,someproblemsmayariseifnocorrectguidanceismade.Forexample,somestudentsgetoverlyinterestedinsocialpracticeandwanttoworkfull-timeandearnmoney,thusneglectingtheirstudies.Andsomestudentsarelikelytogetintouchwiththedarksideofsociety,whichwillaffecttheirfuturestudies.Inordertocarryoutsocialpracticesmoothly,studentsshouldfirstknowitsobjective.Theyshouldputtheirstudiesinthefirstplaceandseesocialpracticejustasausefulsupplement,sotheyoughttotrytostrikeabalancebetweensocialpracticeandtheirstudies.,1心理健康问题往往是导致疾病的原因2分析人们产生心理健康问题的原因(可从失业、压力过重、缺乏支持、缺乏人际交往能力等方面分析)3你认为人们应如何保持心理健康点评：据报道北京高校100多万名在校大学生中，已经有14名自杀身亡。而去年全年，北京自杀死亡的学生为19人。社会对于大学生心理健康问题越来越关注，如何保持心理健康成为社会关注话题。本预测题与校园生活联系紧密，是四级考试关注度较高的话题，值得重视。,HowtoKeepPsychologicallyHealthy?,Oneinfourpeoplewillexperiencesomekindofmentalprobleminthecourseofayear.Whenyoufailtomanagetheseproblems,theyarelikelytocausevariousmentalillnesses.Thecauseofmentalhealthproblemsoftenvaryalotfromonecasetoanother.Intodayssociety,agoodnumberofpeoplearesufferingfromheavypressure.Otherslackcommunicationskills.Inaddition,alotofpeopleareignorantofpsychologicalknowledgeabouthowtokeepmentallyfit.Therearealotofwaystocurbmentalhealthproblemsandkeeppsychologicallyhealthy.Firstly,findtherealcauseofyourmentalhealthproblemandseewhetheryoucandosomethingaboutit.Secondly,learntorelaxyourselfandtakeexercisestoreleasethepressure.Lastly,youmayfindithelpfultotalktoyourpartnerorfriendaboutyourproblem,orseeksupportandadviceformapsychologicalconsultant,1.目前网络教育形成热潮2.你认为这股热潮形成的原因3.你对网络教育的评价点评：英特网的迅速发展改变了人们的生活和学习、工作方式，现代生活节奏快、工作忙导致人们没时间全日制的学习，网络和远程教育正好满足了人们的学习需要，许多大学生利用因特网学习知识，它成为传统教学的有益补充。本预测题贴近时代，也与大学生校园生活相关，值得重视。,MyViewonOnlineEducation.,Beingonlineisnolongersomethingneworfreshinourlife.Tosomeextent,ithasbecomepartofourdailylife.Wecandoalotofthingsonline,suchassearchingforinformationandcommunicatingwithfriendsfaraway.Butrecentlyanotherhelpfulonlineactivityhasbecomevery“in”.Thatisonlineeducation.Whycouldonlineeducationbesopopularwithinsuchashortperiodoftime?Amongotherreasons,thequickdevelopmentoftheInternetshouldbeanessentialone,whichmakesallourdreamsofattendingclassinthedistancepossible.Anotherunderlyingreasonisthequickdevelopmentofbothsocietyandtechnology.Today,modernscienceandtechnologyisdevelopingwithfantasticspeed.Tocatchupwiththisdevelopmentweallfeelanurgentandstrongdesiretostudy.However,duetothegreatpaceofmodernsociety,manypeoplearetoobusytostudyfulltimeatschool.Onlineeducationjustcomestotheiraid.Personally,Iappreciatethisnewformofeducation.Itsindeedahelpfulcomplementtothetraditionaleducationalmeans.Itcanprovidedifferentlearnerswithmoreflexibleandversatilewaysoflearning.Bestofall,withonlineeducation,wecansticktoourjobsandatthesametimestudyandabsorbthelatestknowledge.,1.选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一。2.需要花时间去选择职业。3.选择职业时可以向多人寻求建议和帮助。,ChoosinganOccupation,Oneofthemostimportantproblemsayoungpersonfacesisdecidingwhattodo.Therearesomepeople,ofcourse,whofromthetimetheyaresixyearsold“know”thattheywanttobedoctorsorpilotsorfirefighters,butthemajorityofusdonotgetaroundtomakingadecisionaboutanoccupationorcareeruntilsomebodyorsomethingforcesustofacetheproblem.Choosinganoccupationtakestime,andtherearealotofthingsyouhavetothinkaboutasyoutrytodecidewhatyouwouldliketodo.Youmayfindthatyouwillhavetotakespecialcoursestoqualifyforaparticularkindofwork,oryoumayfindoutthatyouwillneedtogetactualworkexperiencetogainenoughknowledgetoqualifyforaparticularjob.Fortunately,therearealotofpeopleyoucanturntoforadviceandhelpinmakingyourdecision.Atmostschools,thereareteacherswhoareprofessionallyqualifiedtogiveyoudetailedinformationaboutjobqualifications.Andyoucantalkoveryourideaswithfamilymembersandfriendswhoarealwaysreadytolistenandtooffersuggestions.,1.近几年出现了大学生就业难的现象2.产生这种现象的原因（如大学生追求的目标过高，专业不对口等）3.如何解决这一问题（改变就业观念，大学生再培训等）点评：本预测题为社会热点话题。近年来大学生就业难日益成为各级政府及社会各方面关注的焦点，媒体也广泛报道了大学生就业形势严峻，呼吁全社会共同努力；此外，该预测题也与大学生就业密切相关，也是四级作文选题重点之一。,CollegeStudentsJobHunting,Inrecentyears,collegestudentsfinditincreasinglydifficulttogetajob.Itsoundsstrangesinceyoungcollegestudentsareusuallyintelligent,well-educatedphenomenon,aspirantandeagertobringtheirtalentintofullplay.Thenwhatunderliesthestrangephenomenon?Thereareseveralreasonsforthis.Tobeginwith,nowadayscollegestudentsaimtoohigh.Alltheywantare“good”jobswhichcouldoffergoodsalary,comfortableworkingconditions,highsocialstatusamongothers.Consequently,mostcollegestudentsareunwillingtoacceptvacantjobstheyconsidernot“good”enough.Anotherreasonisthatthereisabiggapbetweenthemajorssomestudentsstudyinschoolandthedemandsofvacantjobs.Socompaniesthinksomestudentsarenotfitforthejobs.Solutiontotheproblemrequireseffortsonboththesocietyandthestudents.Thecompaniesshouldvaluethestudents,talentandknowledgewhilethelattershouldnotmerelyaimatmaterialgains.Theyshouldbedown-toearthinbuildinguptheircareer.Furthermore,theyshouldfacetheirweakpointssoastoimprovethemselvesandbemorecompetent.,1.越来越多的人使用信用卡，信用卡有哪些好处2.信用卡的弊端3.你自己的观点点评：这是一篇议论文，关于信用卡的利弊。可以分成三部分：第一部分，信用卡的好处，比如说应急等；第二部分，信用卡的一些弊端，比如说鼓励一些无用的消费；第三部分：你自己的观点，理性使用。,CreditCards,PersonalcreditcardsarebecomingmorecommoninChina.Banksandotherfinancialinstitutionsareencouragingtheircustomerstochangethewaytheybuythings.Creditcards,otherwiseknownas“plasticmoney”,arebeingofferedonverygoodtermstoencouragethechange.Consumerswillbeableto“buynow,paylater”,andmanyseethisasanadvantage.Butpeopleneedtobecareful.Therearedangersassociatedwithcreditcards.Somepeoplefinditveryeasytoexceedtheirbudget.Theyaretemptedtopurchasegoodsthattheydonotreallyneed,andcanbecomequicklyoverburdenedbydebt.Thecreditcardsoftenchargeahighrateofinterest,whichexacerbatestheproblemsforthesepeople.However,usedwiselycreditcardscanimprovethequalityofpeopleslives.Theycangivepeopleaccesstomoneytomeetsuddenunplannedexpenses.Properlyhandled,theycanletpeoplecontroltheirexpenditureandthemonthlystatementsprovidearecordofwheretheirmoneyhasgone.,应用类,1.简要介绍自己并说明应征该职位2.告知公司为什么对此感兴趣3.简述你为何是合适人选点评：本文属于书信体应用文，要求写一封求职信。找工作是四级命题作文关注的话题之一，2001年1月和1995年6月都考查了求职面试的话题，本预测题要求写一封求职信，既与求职话题相关，又是书信体作文，符合四级作文命题思路和考查重点。,AnApplicationLetter,DearSirorMadam,IamLiMing,awould-begraduatefromNinjingUniversity.MymajorisEnglish.Throughthejobadvertisement,IhavelearnedthatyouarehuntingaqualifiedindividualforapersonalsecretarytotheGeneralManagerofyouresteemedcompany.IamfullyconvincedthatIamtherightpersonforthejob.Irealizethatmyfuturebossisextremelybusy.However,i