专业英语-土建类.ppt

,UnitTwo,BuildingDesign,建筑设计,Leadingin,Dialogue,Text,Exercises,Guidedwriting,TeachingSteps,Lead-inPicturestotheDialogue,Single-familyhomesintheseventieslastcentury,Single-familyhomesintheseventieslastcentury,Multi-storemultipleapartmentbuilding,Manyfamiliesprefertolivefarfromthecentreofthemetropolitanarea,Dialogue,A:Dwellershavedifferentdemandsindifferenttimes.Designersmusttakeitintoaccount.B:Yes,thatstrue.Intheseventieslastcentury,amajorityoffamiliespreferredsingle-familyhomes.Thebuildinginwhichtheylivedwereonly3-5storeyshigh.Butsincethenineties,manymulti-storeymultipleapartmentbuildinghavebeenrisingalloverChina.A:Whatsthereasonforit?B:Itisbecausethecitylandistooexpensivetobeusedforsmallhousingunits.Thesameplotofgroundthatwouldholdonlyafewsingle-familyunitshousesmanyfamilies,whichismoreconsiderateindeed.,A:Manydwellersthinkitinconvenienttoliveinhousesofmorestoreys,wherelifewouldbedull.Howdoyouhandleit?B:Quiteafewapartmenthousesoffercitydwellerslargebalconies,wheretheycangrowplantsoreatoutdoors.Whatismore,thereareseveralelevatorsworkingtogether.Apartmenthousesalsoprovidegaragespace,aparkandaplayground.,A:Nowmanyfamiliesprefertoliveasfaroutaspossiblefromthecenterofametropolitanarea.Isitbecauseoftheairpollution?B:Yes,andanotheraspectisthattheywanttogetawayfromnoise,crowdingandconfusion.Astimegoeson,moreandmorecitizensdrivetheircarstowork.Theaccessibilityofpublictrans-portationhasceasedtobeadecisivefactorinhousing.,KeyWordsandPhrasesdwellvdwellin,at,etcliveasaninhabitantoforresideat(aplace)dwellern(espincompoundns)personoranimallivingintheplacespecifiedeg.town-dwellerflat-dwellercave-dwellerdwellingnplaceofresidence;house,flat,etcmyhumbledwelling,whatsmore:eg.Heisatractordriverand,whatismore,agoodsportsman.becauseof:prepbyreasonof;onaccountofeg.Theyareherebecauseofus.Hewalkedslowlybecauseofhisbadleg.Becauseofhiswifesbeingthere,Isaidnothingaboutit.,QuestionstotheDialogue,1.Whatsthereasonthatsomanymulti-storeymultipleapartmentbuildingshavebeenrisingalloverChina?2.Howtosolvetheboringlifeinhousesofmorestoreys?3.Whatsthereasonthatmanyfamiliesprefertolivefarfromthecenterofacity.,Saysomethingaboutthehouseinwhichyouusedtoliveandthehouseinwhichyouarelivingnow.Whichdoyouprefer?Why?,GroupWork,Lead-inPicturestotheText,layoutoftherooms,layoutoftherooms,“day”rooms,“night”rooms,services,Theseareasmustbecommunicatedoneanothereasily.,dining-room,sitting-room,andkitchen,bedroom,Kitchen,bathroom,larderandwater-closets,Thekitchenandlarderconnectthe“services”withthe“day”rooms.,Generallayoutofindustrialbuildings,Abridgedesign,Text,Beforeanybuildingprojectcanbeundertaken,manydecisionsmustbemade.Thedesignprogrammustberesolved.Thesitemustbechosenandeconomicfeasibilitydetermined.Finally,acompletedesignforthebuildingmustbemade.Animportantpointinbuildingdesignisthelayoutoftherooms,whichshouldprovidethegreatestpossibleconvenienceaccordingtothepurposeforwhichtheyareplanned.Inadwellinghouse,thelayoutmaybeconsideredunderthreecategories:“day”,“night”and“services”.Theseareasmustbecommunicatedoneanothereasily.,The“day”roomsusuallyincludeadining-room,sitting-room,andkitchen,butotherrooms,suchasastudy,maybeadded,andtheremaybeahall.Theliving-room,whichisusuallythelargest,oftenservesasadining-room,too,orthekitchenmayhaveadinningalcove.The“night”roomsconsistofthebedrooms.The“services”consistofthekitchen,bathrooms,larderandwater-closets.Thekitchenandlarderconnecttheserviceswiththe“day”rooms.Itisalsoimportanttoconsiderthequestionofoutlookfromthevariousrooms.Andthosemostinuseshouldfacesouthasmuchaspossible.Itis,however,oftenverydifficulttomeettheneedsofboththesurroundingsandthelocationoftheroads.Insolvingthesecomplicatedproblems,itisalsonecessarytofollowthelocaltownplanningruleswhichareconcernedwithpubliccomfort,densityofpopulation,heightofbuildings,proportionofgreenspacetodwellings,buildinglines,thegeneralappearanceofnewpropertiesinrelationtotheneighborhoodandsoon.Thereislittlestandardizationinindustrialbuildings,althoughsuchbuildingsstillneedtocomplywithlocaltown-planningrules.Themoderntrendis,towardslight,airyfactorybuildingswiththeoffices,receptionrooms,telephoneexchange,etc.housedinonelowbuildingoverlookingtheaccessroad,theworkshops,alsolightandairy,notbeingeasilyseenbypublic.Generallyspeaking,afactorymadeofreinforcedconcreteormetalconstructioncanbegivena“shed”typeridgeroof,withwindowsfacingnorthsoastogiveevenlydistributednaturallightingwithoutthestronglightofthesun.,Designingabridgerequiressolidknowledge,imaginationandexperience.Themostimportantconsiderationsforagoodbridgedesignarethese:asafeandtechnicallysounddesign,economicalbothinerectioncostandmaintenance,alongservicelife,aesthetics,and,ofcoursetheimpactontheenvironment.,KeywordsandPhrases,economicadjthegovernmentseconomicpolicyeconomicdevelopmenteconomicalcarefulinthespendingofmoney,time,etcandintheuseofresources;notwastefulSheiseconomicalwith/inheruseofsaltwhencooking.aneconomicalstyleofwriting,serveas:(nopassive)satisfy(aneedorpurpose);besuitable(for):eg.Thisroomcanserveas/forastudy.beconcernedwith:beaboutstheg.Hplywith:doasoneisrequested,commandedeg.Therulesmustbecompliedwith,ieobeyed.soasto:withtheintentionofdoingstheg.Ileftamessagesoastobesureofcontactingher.,Exercises,1.Hehasmanyreferencebooks,dictionariesandhandbooks.2.Everybodymustthelibraryrules.3.,newkindsofenergywillhavetobefound.4.Todaypeoplehavefoundnewwaysofbuildinghouses.5.Thepine-treeswidely.6.Ironalsoabuildingmaterial.7.StudentsshouldreadEnglishoften.8.Thecoursetheknowledgeincivilengineering.,Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsorexpressions.Changetheformwherenecessary.,suchas,complywith,Generallyspeaking,distributed,dwelling,servesas,as,isconcernedwith,as,possible,II.TranslatethefollowingwordsorphrasesintoEnglish,餐室,起居室,城市规划,房间布局,建筑红线,asitting-room,town-planningrules,buildinglines,adining-room,thelayoutoftherooms,棚式人式屋架,绿化面积,人口密度,接待室,天然采光,greenspace,densityofpopulation,naturallighting,ashedtyperidgeroof,receptionrooms,GUIDEDWRITING,Introduction,为了使外界更好地了解、熟悉某个机构、某一产业或某一场所，以赢得声誉、顾客、生意等，我们需要通过介绍来达到与外界联系、交往的目的。介绍的语言要简明扼要，突出其特点，有吸引力。机构介绍机构介绍主要包括机构的由来、性质、地理位置、设施、规模、已取得的成就以及今后的目标等，简介的语言要言简意赅，实事求是，还要有感染力。,Sample1HuanxinArchitecturalEngineeringCollegeHuanxinArchitecttralEngineeringCollegeisacollegetotrainspecialistsinarchitecture.Foundedin1952andlocatedinthesouthofTaiyuan,thecollegeoccupiesalandof410muandcoversaBuildingspaceof360,000.Thecollegehas26specialtiesandoffers12mastersprogrammes.Thereare580staffmembers,220ofwhomareprofessorsandassociateprofessors.Thereare8,500registeredstudents,including6,500full-timestudentsand2,000correspondencestudents.Tel:0351-744566&E-mail:huajxin126.c/m,环新建筑工程学院环新建筑工程学院是一所专门培养建筑类人才的学院，创建于1952年，校园位于太原市南部，占地面积410亩，校舍建筑面积36万平方米学院有26个专业，12个硕士点.全院共有教职工580人，其中教授、副教授220人，在校学生,500人,其中全日制在校生,500人，函授生,000人电话：035