定语从句笔记及练习题.doc

定语从句1 定语：用来修饰名词（或代词）的成分，位置短前长后（初中：修饰一个名词的词或短语或句子）从句：一个句子做另一个句子的成分，那么这个句子就是另一个句子的从句，另一个句子是这个句子的主句定语从句：用一个句子充当定语，通常放在被修饰名词（和代词）的后面。This is a book.This is an interesting book.This is a history book.This is a book about Ming Dynasty.This is a book written by Yuan Tengfei.二分析定语从句的构成The student who came first is Peter.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词关系词（也叫引导词）：引导定语从句的词。放在定语从句句首，在从句中代替先行词先行词决定关系词He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.God help those who help themselves.Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind in it.A lot of new countries whose names I had never heard of before were shown on the map.三 怎样写一个定语从句-合成大法This is a book.My mother gave me a book as a birthday gift.This is a book which my mother gave me as a birthday gift.一找找出两句话中相同的名词（其中一句的可以为代词）二删删除要做定语从句句中的名词三替用合适的关系词替代被删除的名词并将关系词放在从句的句首四放将整个定语从句放在主句被修饰的名词后四 关系词分类关系代词：who whom which that whose关系副词：where when why how(关系词中绝对没有what）5 用法1. 先行词在定语从句（从句）中做主语或宾语（1） 先行词是sth，关系词用which或that（2） 先行词是sb，关系词用who或that当sb做宾语时，关系词也可以用whomThe building which stands by the river is our school.The book which you need is in my room.The girl is my best friend. The girl is from America.The girl who is from America is my best friend.-Hi, Jack. Have you ever seen the TV show “Dad, where are we going?”-Of course. I like the girl _ is called Cindy. She runs as fast as a wind. (14平房一模）A which B who C whomFriends are those _ always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed. So please value them at your side. (12香坊一模）A who B what C which-Do you know of Guo Mingyi?-Yes. He is an ordinary worker _ helps many poor children in China. We should follow his example. (13真题）A that B which C whomA blog is considered as an invention _ can express your own ideas and feelings freely. Its a room to communicate with other people online. (12真题）A that B who C where2. 先行词在定语从句中做状语（关系词=介词+先行词）（1）时间状语，关系词用when（2）地点状语，关系词用where（3）方式状语，关系词用how（先行词是the ways）（4）原因状语，关系词用why（先行词是the reasons）The reason why Im calling you is to invite you to a party.-What do you usually do in your leisure time?-I enjoy reading in the library _ I lose myself in a world of good books. (10真题）A which B that C where-Do you still remember the most wonderful days _ we were together in the last summer camp?-Sure. Ill never forget those days. (12道外一模）A which B that C when3. 先行词在定语从句中做定语，关系词用whose（先行词是形代，ones，of+n.）通常后面紧跟名词，译为“人的”“物的”Please give me a room. Its window faces the sea.Please give me a room whose window faces the sea.I know the woman whose bag was stolen.“Get new knowledge by reviewing the old.” is a famous saying by Confucius. He was a great thinker _ words still have a great effect on millions of people around the world today. (11真题）A who B whos C whose六that三字经（六种关系词必须为that的情况）：最高级序数词不定代表唯一人和物避重复最高级：先行词被最高级修饰时Please look up at the sky after you dont do well in an exam. If the sun is still shining, you shouldnt be too sad because nothing can take away the most fantastic dream _ really belongs to you. (14市模）A that B who C whereEveryone has his aim in life. However, you cant get fat on one mouthful. Start with the easiest thing _ you can control. （14真题）A who B that C which序数词：先行词被序数词修饰时A citys landmark is usually the first thing _ attracts a tourist. It is a symbol of the city and also a window into the local culture. (14道外二模）A that B which C who不定代：先行词中含有不定代词时something等12个，both，either，neither，none，all，each，any-Its your turn now.-Thank you. We provide classes for parents to help the children to learn better. If you want to join us, all _ you need to do is to fill in your information. (14道里一模）A who B which C thatWe all need help sometimes, and if we help others, we may also get something _ is valuable, like a beautiful star shining in your life. （14香坊一模）A that B which C who表唯一：先行词被表示唯一的短语修饰时（the only very the last the right）Mothers love is common and great. It is also the only love _ doesnt want to get rewarded. Lets give more love and care to our mothers. （14道外三模）A that B which C who人和物：先行词中既有人又有物时All of us should remember our classmates and classroom _ weve studied with and in for about four years. （12道外二模）A who B which C that避重复：主句为特殊疑问句为了避免和特殊疑问词重复Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?Which is the bike that you lost?两不that三字经（两种关系词不能使用that的情况）：介词后 逗号后those后介词后：通常选择whichIm looking for a box in which I can put all the apples.How time flies! Four years has passed quickly. However, I still remember the first day on _ I became a junior middle school student. （14南岗三模）A that B which C who Mike failed in some subjects because he only studied hard at the subjects in _ he was very interested.（13道里三模）A that B who C which逗号后：逗号后的定语从句为非限定性定语从句，通常由which引导 但不绝对BJ, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.Its impossible for anyone to take the sovereignty over Huangyan Island away from China, _ was discovered and drew on a map by Chinese about 700 years ago. (12香坊三模）A where B that C which难点：虽然先行词有序数词修饰，但是定语从句的谓语动词需要搭配介词，并前移到关系词之前Suzhou, the first city _ well travel next month, is famous for its gardens around the world.(13香坊三模）A to which B which C that注意：A如何选择关系代词还是关系副词一找出先行词二把先行词代入定语从句中三观察如果不缺介词选关系代词如果确介词选关系副词This is the house where I worked 2 years ago.This is the house which I visited 2 years ago.At 8:02 on April 20, the 7.0-magnitude earthquake happened in Yaan _ is world-famous for its tea culture and the Bifengxia Panda Base. (13香坊二模）A who B which C where-Online courses are much more popular throughout the world.-Thats true. The University of California, _ I teach, has started offering more online courses this year. (12市模）A what B which C where-I will never forget the time _ we spent in the middle school.-Neither will I. We should use different ways to _ each other. (12松北一模）A when keep up with B which keep away C that keep in touch with-Do you remember the day _ you joined the Communist Youth League?-Certainly! It was my first time having a speech in public. （12南岗二模）A when B that C in whichB where=介词+whichWhen=介词+which-Mrs. Tang will leave our school in _ she has taught for nearly 30 years.-She is such a good teacher that she deserves our respect. (13道外二模）A that B which C whereAll the students will remember the day on _ we had the first heavy snow this year. We were so happy that we made a big snowman with our teacher after school. (12道里一模）A that B when C which13市模完型18-45As long as you keep working with your courage and belief, you can reach the stage on _ you can show all your talents.A that B which C who五定语从句的几个难点1先行词和定语从句之间可能会插入其他修饰成分笑话：My friend said he knew a man with a wooden leg whose name is Smith. So I asked him, “what is the name of the other leg?”-Have you found the information about the famous people _ you can use for your composition?-Not yet. Ill research some on the Internet. (14南岗二模）A who B whom C which2主谓一致 先行词作定语从句的主语时，要和定语从句中的谓语动词保持数的一致The man who lives downstairs speaks English well.The students who are in Gra