初中英语动词不定式公开课.ppt

动词不定式,观察这些句子,1)Helikestoreadnovels.2)Isawhimcome.3)Wedecidednottobuythathouse.4)Itisinterestingtoflyakite.5)Pleaselethimnotgothere.,动词不定式,定义,构成,用法,动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。,动词不定式的构成：,肯定：to+V.原或者(to)+V.原否定：not/never+(to)+V.原,(to是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带),动词不定式的用法,动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。,作主语,Toobeythelawsiseveryonesduty.,Todriveinthemountainsisverydifficult.,不定式(短语)作主语时,往往由”it”代替它做形式主语。,Itisverydifficulttodriveinthemountains.,Itiseveryonesdutytoobeythelaws.,作宾语,后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,ask,choose,decide,forget,hope,learn,want,wish,wouldlike等。如：Wehopetogettherebeforedark.我们希望天黑以前到那儿。Thegirldecidedtodoitherself.那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。,作表语,Myjobistoteachthestudents.Hisideaistosavetheirlivesatonce.,WhatIaskhimtodoistohavehishaircut.Whatyoucandoistocloseyourmouth.,作宾语补足语,1后面能接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask,order,teach,tell,want,wish,help等。老师要我们做练习一。TheteachertoldustodoExercise1.我要你们俩去。Iwantbothofyoutogo.我们帮助她修理自行车。Wehelpedher(to)repairherbike.,作宾语补足语,2使役动词let,have,make及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。Letshavearest.我们休息一会吧。Isawhimcomein.我看见他进来了。感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。Isawhimcomedownstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事）Isawhimcomingdownstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）,一感feel二听hear,listento三让make,let,have四看lookat,see,watch,notice,若要变成被动语态，to要加上：Theyaremadetoworkfor16hoursadaybytheboss.,作定语,2.动词不定式与所修饰的词处于动宾关系时，如果不定式是不及物动词，它后面应加上必要的介词，如：Thenursehasfivechildrentolookafter.Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon.,1不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰词之后。Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.Imhungry.Pleasegivemesomethingtoeat.,作状语:（表示行为的目的、原因、结果等）,Letsstoptohavearest.(表目的）,Imveryhappytoseeyou.(表原因）,Heistooyoungtogotoschool.(表结果）,动词不定式和疑问词连用,与疑问代词who,what,which或疑问副词when,where,how,why构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语，表语，宾语等。,Idontknowwhattodo.（作宾语）,Theproblemiswhentostart.（作表语）,Howtosavethechildisthemostimportanttous.(作主语）,时态与语态,不定式,todo,tobedone,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,tohavebeendoing,-,-,不定式的语态,1.Itisanhonorformetobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.2.Thenextthingtobedoneistogetourclassroompainted.3.ThenovelisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoChinese.4.Heissaidtohavebeenpraised.,几对易混淆的词组：stoptodosth.停下来去做某事doingsth.停止做某事forgettodosth.忘记去做某事doingsth.忘记已做了某事,remembertodosth.记得去做某事doingsth.记得曾经做某事,meantodo打算做某事doing意味着trytodo尽力做doing试着做considertobe认为。是doing考虑做某事canthelpdo不能帮着做某事doing忍不住做某事,动词不定式的否定形式,动词不定式的否定式是在to前加not；不带to的不定式则在动词前加not.如：ZhangMingaskedmenottostayathomeallday.张明要我不要整天呆在家里。Mymotherletmenotdoitbymyself.妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。,典型试题,1.Itsbadforyoureyescomputergamestoomuch.A.playsB.toplayC.playD.playing2.Shewasoftenheardintheroom.A.singingB.singCtosingD.sung3.Whatdidthemansayoverthere?-Hetoldusanyfurther.Thereisdangerahead.A.dontgoB.notgoC.nottogoD.togo4.Theheavysnowstormmadethemountainclimberhalfway.A.stopB.tostopC.stoppingD.stopped5.Hebroughtsomephotosofhisfamilyforme.A.tolookB.lookatC.tolookatD.lookingat,B,C,A,C,(作主语),(作宾语补足语),(在使役动词后作宾补的不定式通常不带to.),(不定式和修饰的词有动宾关系，且不定式是不及物动词时，后面必须加介词),C,(作感官动词的宾补,变被动语态时，to要还原）,6.MikewantstoaparkonSunday.A.goB.togoC.goesD.went7.Ioftensawsomeboysintheriver.A.swamB.toswimC.swimD.swims8.Doyouhaveanything.A.tosayB.sayingC.saysD.said9.Thestudentsweremadethetextthreetimes.A.copyB.copyingC.tocopy