采购绩效管理试题.pdf

L4-03/Nov07/RGA 采购与供应基础文凭采购与供应基础文凭 Foundation Diploma in Purchasing and Supply 采购绩效管理 Measuring Purchasing Performance 四级四级 L4-03 LEVEL 4L4-03 日期：日期：2007 年年 11 月月 21 日，星期三日，星期三 DATE: Wednesday 21 November 2007 时间：时间： 下午下午 14:00 17:00 TIME：14:00 PM 17:00 PM 时长：三小时时长：三小时 DURATION: 3 hours 考生注意事项：考生注意事项： Instructions for Candidates： 本试卷由两部分组成。本试卷由两部分组成。 This examination is in TWO sections. A 部分共部分共 2 题，每道题题，每道题 25 分，共分，共 50 分。分。 Sections A has TWO compulsory questions, worth 25 marks each. B 部分包括四道问题；任选两道作答。每道题部分包括四道问题；任选两道作答。每道题 25 分。分。 Section B has FOUR questions; answer TWO. Each question is worth 25 marks. 1. 在未得到监考官允许之前，请勿翻阅试卷。在未得到监考官允许之前，请勿翻阅试卷。 Do not open this question paper until instructed by the invigilator. 2. 请将答案填写在答题纸上。请将答案填写在答题纸上。 All answers must be written in the answer booklet provided. 3. 请将草稿也写在答题纸背面，交卷前请将草稿部分作一删除记号。请将草稿也写在答题纸背面，交卷前请将草稿部分作一删除记号。 All rough work and notes should also be written in the answer booklet. L4-03/Nov 07/RGA 第 2 页 Page2 A部分（部分（SECTION A） 请仔细阅读并分析以下案例，然后回答问题请仔细阅读并分析以下案例，然后回答问题 1 和问题和问题 2。 You are strongly advised to carefully read and analyse the information in the case study before attempting to answer questions 1 and 2. 案例：案例： HYLANDS HOTELS 海蓝德斯酒店集团海蓝德斯酒店集团 海蓝德斯酒店集团是一个家族型公司，拥有三家酒店。 机场酒店（酒店机场酒店（酒店 A） 机场酒店于 80 年代建造，是一个高达 10 层的塔式结构酒店，共有 360 间客房。这里距市中 心 15 英里，在机场周边也经常有贸易商从事业务往来，因而白天很多会议在此举行，参与 人员有从世界各地乘坐飞机而来，也有从国内其它地区飞来的。很多时候，特别是当发生大 规模飞机延误的时候，酒店客房出租率会由于候机旅客的入住而达到 100，这些费用由航 空公司承担。这种突发的人群入住是无法预测的，但是每年通常会有 3、4 次。其它时期， 酒店一般有 75的出租率。 商务酒店（酒店商务酒店（酒店 B） 商务酒店（酒店 B）是一个位于市中心的小型的 4 层建筑，共有 180 间客房。客户既有商务 人士也有旅行者。城市每年会有很多活动，例如贸易会展、艺术节等，在活动期间酒店通常 是爆满的。在其它时期，比如冬季，客房出租率有时只有 40，特别是在周末。因此酒店 会在这段时间提供特别的优惠，鼓励旅游者和家庭入住酒店。 乡村酒店（酒店乡村酒店（酒店 C） 乡村酒店 （酒店 C） 是一个豪华度假型酒店， 占据了一幢具有历史意义的、 庄严华贵的建筑。 它共有 240 个普通客房和套间、很多功能厅、会议室和供大型活动使用的舞场。还为客户提 供了一些休闲设施，包括室内游泳池、健体水疗和高尔夫课程。客户来自世界各地，入住酒 店并享用这些设施。很多知名公司在这里举办活动；大多数的周末，这里都有婚礼或其它大 型庆祝活动举行。一年中的其它时间，还会有主题周末、节假日特别活动。酒店通常在很多 个月之前就已经预定满了，客房出租率一直保持在 90以上。 海蓝德斯酒店集团的采购职能海蓝德斯酒店集团的采购职能 海蓝德斯（JED HYLANDS）是酒店的运营总监，他通常是让三家酒店的经理自己进行采购 业务。他的中央采购部门会提供一系列打好酒店标记的产品，如香皂、化妆品、员工制服和 打印好的广告用品， 然后由酒店的经理们自己决定所要采购物资的货源、 供应、 质量和数量。 海蓝德斯开始慢慢意识到， 酒店的运营成本似乎要高于其它同类酒店； 他发现其中一个原因 是海蓝德斯酒店集团的采购运作不如其竞争者那样有效。因此，他指派你（你是一个采购专 家）考察海蓝德斯酒店集团三家酒店的采购运作情况，并提出改进措施。 你得到了三家酒店的以下绩效数据： L4-03/Nov 07/RGA 第 3 页 Page3 你还和同区域另一家竞争酒店的经理有联系，并获得了以下信息用于与其它当地酒店做对 比，从而进行标杆管理： ? 平均供应商数量：120 ? 每年每间客房平均消耗品支出：25 ? 典型的消耗品存储空间：100M2 本案例纯属虚构，如有雷同，纯属巧合。 Case: HYLANDS HOTELS Hylands Hotels is a family-owned company which owns three hotels. The Airport Hotel (Hotel A) The Airport Hotel (Hotel A) is a large ten-storey tower-block hotel, built in the 1980s. It has 360 bedrooms. There is regular trade from people passing through the adjacent airport, which is 15 miles from the city centre. Lots of daytime meetings and conferences are hosted here, with delegates flying in from destinations across the world, and from many regional airports. From time to time, especially when there are large-scale flight delays at the airport, the hotel is filled to 100% occupancy with stranded travelers whose bills are often met by airline companies. This sudden influx of people is unpredictable, but happens typically three or four times each year. The hotel otherwise achieves about 75% occupancy most of the time. The Business Hotel (Hotel B) The Business Hotel (Hotel B) is a smaller scale city-centre building of four storeys. It has 180 bedrooms. The customers are a mixture of business people and tourists. There are numerous events happening throughout the year in the city, such as trade fairs and arts festivals, and at these times the hotel is usually full. At quieter times of year, such as through the winter months, occupancy is sometimes as low as 40%, especially at weekends. At these times, the hotel arranges special offers for tourists and families to try and encourage use of some of this spare capacity. The Countryside Hotel (Hotel C) The Countryside Hotel (Hotel C) is a luxurious country-house hotel, occupying a stately building of historical importance. It has a total of 240 bedrooms and suites, many function 酒店 A 酒店 B 酒店 C 客房数 360 180 240 每年消耗品支出 180,000 45,000 180,000 供应商数量 600 1,860 480 用于存储消耗品的空间 400M2 3600M2 600M2 L4-03/Nov 07/RGA 第 4 页 Page4 and meeting rooms, and a ballroom for large events. There are also leisure facilities for the use of guests, including an indoor swimming pool, a health spa, and a golf course. Customers come from all over the world to enjoy these surroundings. Many prestigious company events are hosted here; and most weekends see a wedding or other large celebration being held. At other times of the year there are themed weekends, and special events over holiday and festival periods. The hotel is usually fully booked many months in advance, and consistently achieves occupancy rates in excess of 90%. The Purchasing Function at Hylands Hotels Jed Hylands, managing director of Hylands Hotels, has always allowed the managers of each of the three hotels to do their own buying. Jeds central purchasing unit provides the branded items such as soaps, toiletries, staff uniforms and pre-printed advertising materials. He then leaves all other decisions on sourcing, supply, quality and quantity to each hotel manager. Jed has become gradually more aware that his hotels seem to be costing more to run than other similar hotels; and he has come to realise that one reason is that his purchasing may not be as effective as that of his competitors. He has therefore appointed you, a purchasing professional, to examine the purchasing operation at his three hotels, and to seek improvements. You have obtained the following data about the performance of the three hotels: Hotel A Hotel B Hotel C Number of bedrooms 360 180 240 Spend on consumables p 180,00045,000 180,000 Number of suppliers 600 1,860 480 Space used for storing consumables400M2 3600M2600M2 You have also been in contact with competing hotel managers in the region, and you have obtained the following information for benchmarking purposes about other local hotels: ? Average number of suppliers: 120 ? Average spend per bedroom per annum on consumables: 25 ? Typical storage space for consumables: 100M2 The information in this case study is purely fictitious and has been prepared for assessment purposes only. Any resemblance to any organization or person is purely coincidental. L4-03/Nov 07/RGA 第 5 页 Page5 问题问题 QUESTIONS 第第 1 题和第题和第 2 题与案例相关，应根据案例进行回答。题与案例相关，应根据案例进行回答。 Questions 1 and 2 relate to the case study and should be answered in context of the information provided. 假设你是海蓝德斯酒店集团刚刚任命的采购专家，回答以下两个问题。 Assuming the role of Hylands Hotels newly appointed purchasing professional, answer the following two questions. 1. 描述你希望衡量海蓝德斯酒店集团采购和供应运作情况的五个五个方面，并解释原因。 （25 分） Describe FIVE areas of the purchasing and supply operations of Hylands Hotels that you would wish to measure and explain why. 2. 描述你提议的海蓝德斯酒店集团采购和供应职能的五个五个目标，并阐明你建议的理由。 （25 分） Describe FIVE targets that you would propose for the purchasing and supply function at Hylands Hotels and give reasons for your proposals. B部分（部分（SECTION B） 请仔细阅读以下全部问题后，然后选择两道问题回答。请仔细阅读以下全部问题后，然后选择两道问题回答。 You are strongly advised to carefully read all the questions in section B before selecting TWO questions to answer. 3.举例描述信息技术有助于获取采购绩效信息的五种五种方式。 （25 分） Describe, with examples, FIVE ways in which information technology may help obtain data relating to