杜鲁门就职演说

1 / 22 杜鲁门就职演说 杜鲁门就职演说中文稿 副总统先生、首席大法官先生、同胞们 : 我满怀谦恭接受美国人民赋予我的荣誉时，同时也深深地下定决心，要为我国人民的幸福与世界的和平鞠躬尽瘁。 美国人民坚守自建国以来就一直激励着这个国家的信念。我们相信，在法律面前人人平等，在分享同等福利时则拥有均等的机会。我们认为，人人都享有思想和言论自由的权力。我们相信人人生而平等，因为他们都是上帝按照自己的形象所创造。凭此信条 ,我们坚定不移。 美国人民盼望一切国家和一切人民都按 照自己的意愿自由地进行自治，自由的获得一种 体面而愉快的生活，并且决心为建设这样一个世界而努力。美国人民尤其期望并决心致力于基于平等自愿公正和持久的和平。 在追求这些目标的过程中，美国和其他志同道合的国家发现，他们直接遭到另外一种与我们正好相反，其生活观念也截然不同的社会制度的抵触。 这种社会制度信奉一种谎称能给人类带来自由、安全和更多机会的荒谬哲学。许多民族在这种哲学的引导下，已经牺牲了他们的自由，结果不过是悲观的发现 ,得到的仍是欺骗和愚弄，仍是贫困和暴政。 2 / 22 而民主则奠基于这样一 种信念之上 人类不仅拥有不可剥夺的权利，借助道德和智力，来借助理性和正义进行自治。 而民主制度则坚持认为，政府乃是为了个人的裨益而建立的，它有责任保护人的各种权力和发挥自己的各项才能的自由。 共产主义和民主制度之间存在的这些分歧，决不仅仅与美国一个国家有关。世界各地的人民都在逐渐认识到，这一切所涉及的问题，乃在于物质生活的丰厚、人类尊严和信仰与崇拜上帝的权力。 自敌对局面结束以来，美国业已投入物资与精力，为在全世界恢复和平、稳定和自由而开展伟大的建设性工作 . 我们既未取人寸土，也没有把自己的意愿强加于人；我们既没有索取任何特权，也不会赋予任何人这种特权。 我们已尽了一切努力达成协议，对我们拥有的威力无比的武器实行了有效的国际控制；我们亦已为限制和控制所有军备开展了不断的工作。 我们正和其他国家一起前进，以建设一座更加坚固的国际秩序和正义的大厦。那些不在单纯的关心国家的生存问题、目前正致力于改善全体人民生活水平的国家，将成为我们的伙伴。我们准备实施一些新的计划以加强自由世界。 今后若干年内，我们寻求和平与自由的纲领的重点3 / 22 在于以 下四项主要的行动方针。 第一，我们将一如既往的支持联合国及相关机构，继续寻找加强其权威和增加其效率的各种途径。 第二，我们将继续执行世界经济复兴计划。 这首先意味着我们必须全力支持欧洲复兴计划。 此外，我们还必须执行减少世界贸易障碍和增加贸易额的计划。经济复兴与和平本身都取决于不断增长的世界贸易。 第三，我们要加强热爱自由的国家对付侵略危险的力量。 第四，我们必须着手拟订一项大胆的新计划，以使我国科学发展与工业进步的成果，造福于那些欠发达地区的改 善和发展。 而民主则奠基于这样一种信念之上 人类不仅拥有不可剥夺的权利，借助道德和智力，来借助理性和正义进行自治。 我认为我们应当使热爱和平的各国人民受益于我们的技术知识储备，从而帮助他们实现追求美好生活的愿望。 我们的目标应是帮助世界各自由的民族通过自己的努力，生产更多的食物、更多的衣服、更多的用于改善居住条件的物资、以及更多的有助于减轻其负担的机械。 仅凭民主制度便能产生富有生气的力量，激励世界4 / 22 各国人民采取胜利的行动，不仅反抗他们的压迫者，而 且也反抗饥饿、不幸、绝望和这些古老的敌人。 在适当的时候，当我国的稳定成为不争的事实，当越来越多的国家懂得民主政治的益处和共同享有日益富裕的生活。我相信那些现在反对我们的国家会放弃他们的妄想，并与全世界的自由国家一起公正地解决国际分歧。 我们将大步朝着一个人类自由得到保障的世界迈进。 为此 ,我们将要奉献自己的力量、资源和坚定的决心。在上帝的保佑下，人类未来无疑是一个公正、融洽与和平的世界。 Inaugural Address of Harry S. TrumanTHURSDAY, JANUARY 20, 1949 Mr. Vice President, Mr. Chief Justice, and fellow citizens, I accept with humility the honor which the American people have conferred upon me. I accept it with a deep resolve to do all that I can for the welfare of this Nation and for the peace of the world. In performing the duties of my office, I need the help and prayers of every one of you. I ask for your encouragement and your support. The tasks we 5 / 22 face are difficult, and we can accomplish them only if we work together. Each period of our national history has had its special challenges. Those that confront us now are as momentous as any in the past. Today marks the beginning not only of a new administration, but of a period that will be eventful, perhaps decisive, for us and for the world. It may be our lot to experience, and in large measure to bring about, a major turning point in the long history of the human race. The first half of this century has been marked by unprecedented and brutal attacks on the rights of man, and by the two most frightful wars in history. The supreme need of our time is for men to learn to live together in peace and harmony. The peoples of the earth face the future with grave uncertainty, composed almost equally of great hopes and great fears. In this time of doubt, they look to the United States as never before for good will, strength, and wise leadership. It is fitting, therefore, that we take this occasion to proclaim to the world the essential 6 / 22 principles of the faith by which we live, and to declare our aims to all peoples. The American people stand firm in the faith which has inspired this Nation from the beginning. We believe that all men have a right to equal justice under law and equal opportunity to share in the common good. We believe that all men have the right to freedom of thought and expression. We believe that all men are created equal because they are created in the image of God. From this faith we will not be moved. The American people desire, and are determined to work for, a world in which all nations and all peoples are free to govern themselves as they see fit, and to achieve a decent and satisfying life. Above all else, our people desire, and are determined to work for, peace on earth-a just and lasting peace-based on genuine agreement freely arrived at by equals. In the pursuit of these aims, the United States and other like- minded nations find themselves directly opposed by a regime with contrary aims and a totally 7 / 22 different concept of life. That regime adheres to a false philosophy which purports to offer freedom, security, and greater opportunity to mankind. Misled by this philosophy, many peoples have sacrificed their liberties only to learn to their sorrow that deceit and mockery, poverty and tyranny, are their reward. That false philosophy is communism. Communism is based on the belief that man is so weak and inadequate that he is unable to govern himself, and therefore requires the rule of strong masters. Democracy is based on the conviction that man has the moral and intellectual capacity, as well as the inalienable right, to govern himself with reason and justice. Communism subjects the individual to arrest without lawful cause, punishment without trial, and forced labor as the chattel of the state. It decrees what information he shall receive, what art he shall produce, what leaders he shall follow, and what thoughts he shall think. Democracy maintains that government is 8 / 22 established for the benefit of the individual, and is charged with the responsibility of protecting the rights of the individual and his freedom in the exercise of his abilities. Communism maintains that social wrongs can be corrected only by violence. Democracy has proved that social justice can be achieved through peaceful change. Communism holds that the world is so deeply divided into opposing classes that war is inevitable. Democracy holds that free nations can settle differences justly and maintain lasting peace. These differences between communism and democracy do not concern the United States alone. People everywhere are coming to realize that what is involved is material well-being, human dignity, and the right to believe in and worship God. I state these differences, not to draw issues of belief as such, but because the actions resulting from the Communist philosophy are a threat to the efforts of free nations to bring about world recovery and 9 / 22 lasting peace. Since the end of hostilities, the United States has invested its substance and its energy in a great constructive effort to restore peace, stability, and freedom to the world. We have sought no territory and we have imposed our will on none. We have asked for no privileges we would not extend to others. We have constantly and vigorously supported the United Nations and related agencies as a means of applying democratic principles to international relations. We have consistently advocated and relied upon peaceful settlement of disputes among nations. We have made every effort to secure agreement on effective international control of our most powerful weapon, and we have worked steadily for the limitation and control of all armaments. We have encouraged, by precept and example, the expansion of world trade on a sound and fair basis. Almost a year ago, in company with 16 free nations of Europe, we launched the greatest cooperative economic program in history. The purpose of that unprecedented effort is to invigorate and strengthen 10 / 22 democracy in Europe, so that the free people of that continent can resume their rightful place in the forefront of civilization and can contribute once more to the security and welfare of the world. Our efforts have brought new hope to all mankind. We have beaten back despair and defeatism. We have saved a number of countries from losing their liberty. Hundreds of millions of people all over the world now agree with us, that we need not have war-that we can have peace. The initiative is ours. We are moving on with other nations to build an even stronger structure of international order and justice. We shall have as our partners countries which, no longer solely concerned with the problem of national survival, are now working to improve the standards of living of all their people. We are ready to undertake new projects to strengthen the free world. In the coming years, our program for peace and freedom will emphasize four major courses of action. First, we will continue to give unfaltering support to the United Nations and related agencies, and we will 11 / 22 continue to search for ways to strengthen their authority and increase their effectiveness. We believe that the United Nations will be strengthened by the new nations which are being formed in lands now advancing toward self-government under democratic principles. Second, we will continue our programs for world economic recovery. This means, first of all, that we must keep our full weight behind the European recovery program. We are confident of the success of this major venture in world recovery. We believe that our partners in this effort will achieve the status of self-supporting nations once again. In addition, we must carry out our plans for reducing the barriers to world trade and increasing its volume. Economic recovery and peace itself depend on increased world trade. Third, we will strengthen freedom-loving nations against the dangers of aggression. We are now working out with a number of countries a joint agreement designed to strengthen the security of the North Atlantic area. Such an agreement would take 12 / 22 the form of a collective defense arrangement within the terms of the United Nations Charter. We have already established such a defense pact for the Western Hemisphere by the treaty of Rio de Janeiro. The primary purpose of these agreements is to provide unmistakable proof of the joint determination of the free countries to resist armed attack from any quarter. Each country participating in these arrangements must contribute all it can to the common defense. If we can make it sufficiently clear, in advance, that any armed attack affecting our national security would be met with overwhelming force, the armed attack might never occur. I hope soon to send to the Senate a treaty respecting the North Atlantic security plan. In addition, we will provide military advice and equipment to free nations which will cooperate with us in the maintenance of peace and security. Fourth, we must embark on a bold new program for making the benefits of our scientific advances and industrial progress available for the improvement and 13 / 22 growth of underdeveloped areas. More than half the people of the world are living in conditions approaching misery. Their food is inadequate. They are victims of disease. Their economic life is primitive and stagnant. Their poverty is a handicap and a threat both to them and to more prosperous areas. For the first time in history, humanity possesses the knowledge and the skill to relieve the suffering of these people. The United States is pre-eminent among nations in the development of industrial and scientific techniques. The material resources which we can afford to use for the assistance of other peoples are limited. But our imponderable resources in technical knowledge are constantly growing and are inexhaustible. I believe that we should make available to peace-loving peoples the benefits of our store of technical knowledge in order to help them realize their aspirations for a better life. And, in cooperation with other nations, we should foster capital investment in 14 / 22 areas needing development. Our aim should be to help the free peoples of the world, through their own efforts, to produce more food, more clothing, more materials for housing, and more mechanical power to lighten their burdens. We invite other countries to pool their technological resources in this undertaking. Their contributions will be warmly welcomed. This should be a cooperative enterprise in which all nations work together through the United Nations and its specialized agencies wherever practicable. It must be a worldwide effort for the achievement of peace, plenty, and freedom. With the cooperation of business, private capital, agriculture, and labor in this country, this program can greatly increase the industrial activity in other nations and can raise substantially their standards of living. Such new economic developments must be devised and controlled to benefit the peoples of the areas in which they are established. Guarantees to the investor must be balanced by guarantees in the interest of the 15 / 22 people whose resources and whose labor go into these developments. The old imperialism-exploitation for foreign profit-has no place in our plans. What we envisage is a program of development based on the concepts of democratic fair-dealing. All countries, including our own, will greatly benefit from a constructive program for the better use of the worlds human and natural resources. Experience shows that our commerce with other countries expands as they progress industrially and economically. Greater production is the key to prosperity and peace. And the key to greater production is a wider and more vigorous application of modern scientific and technical knowledge. Only by helping the least fortunate of its members to help themselves can the human family achieve the decent, satisfying life that is the right of all people. Democracy alone can supply the vitalizing force to stir the peoples of the world into triumphant action, not only against their human oppressors, but also 16 / 22 against their ancient enemies- hunger, misery, and despair. On the basis of these four major courses of action we hope to help create the conditions that will lead eventually to personal freedom and happiness for all mankind. If we are to be successful in carrying out these policies, it is clear that we must have continued prosperity in this country and we must keep ourselves strong. Slowly but surely we are weaving a world fabric of international security and growing prosperity. We are aided by all who wish to live in freedom from fear-even by those who live today in fear under their own governments. Inaugural Address of Harry S. Truman THURSDAY, JANUARY 20, 1949 Mr. Vice President, Mr. Chief Justice, and fellow citizens, I accept with humility the honor which the American people have conferred upon me. I accept it with a deep resolve to do all that I can for the 17 / 22 welfare of this Nation and for the peace of the world. In performing the duties of my office, I need the help and prayers of every one of you. I ask for your encouragement and your support. The tasks we face are difficult, and we can accomplish them only if we work together. Each period of our national history has had its special challenges. Those that confront us now are as momentous as any in the past. Today marks the beginning not only of a new administration, but of a period that will be eventful, perhaps decisive, for us and for the world. It may be our lot to experience, and in large measure to bring about, a major turning point in the long history of the human race. The first half of this century has been marked by unprecedented and brutal attacks on the rights of man, and by the two most frightful wars in history. The supreme need of our time is for men to learn to live together in peace and harmony. The peoples of the earth face the future with 18 / 22 grave uncertainty, composed almost equally of great hopes and great fears. In this time of doubt, they look to the United States as never before for good will, strength, and wise leadership. It is fitting, therefore, that we take this occasion to proclaim to the world the essential principles of the faith by which we live, and to declare our aims to all peoples. The American people stand firm in the faith which has inspired this Nation from the beginning. We believe that all men have a right to equal justice under law and equal opportunity to share in the common good. We believe that all men have the right to freedom of thought and expression. We believe that all men are created equal because they are created in the image of God. From this faith we will not be moved. The American people desire, and are determined to work for, a world in which all nations and all peoples are free to govern themselves as they see fit, and to 19 / 22 achieve a decent and satisfying life. Above all else, our people desire, and are determined to work for, peace on earth-a just and lasting peace-based on genuine agreement freely arrived at by equals. In the pursuit of these aims, the United States and other like- minded nations find themselves directly opposed by a regime with contrary aims and a totally different concept of life. That regime adheres to a false philosophy which purports to offer freedom, security, and greater opportunity to mankind. Misled by this philosophy, many peoples have sacrificed their liberties only to learn to their sorrow that deceit and mockery, poverty and tyranny, are their reward. That false philosophy is communism. Communism is based on the belief that man is so weak and inadequate that he is unable to govern himself, and therefore requires the rule of strong masters. Democracy is based on the conviction that man has the