《四级翻译讲解》PPT课件.ppt

四级翻译讲解,1.简介,在四级新题型考试中，翻译题所占分值为5%。由5个句子组成，要求考生将句子的一部分由中文翻译成英文。它考查的内容主要包括两部分，一是意群的表达，二是句法。,二、评分原则及标准整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,2.解题技巧,1)首先，确定关键词(一般由两个词或词组组成)，寻找可能的英文相应表达；2)然后，利用相应的语法结构或功能连接方式(connectives)将两个英文词或词组连接起来；3)最后，结合待翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置与功能，根据句法结构理顺语言。结合试题,3.分析考题,翻译考题的考点：语法，词汇和固定搭配。有时一个考题中同时出现多个考点，但是为了分析之便，我们根据考题的侧重点把考题分类成以下三大考点：一、语法结构(grammar)二、重点单词(keywords)三、固定搭配(setstructures),一语法结构（grammar）：动名词、虚拟语气、倒装、状语从句（最常考）、定语从句、强调句,1动名词：一道。87.Havingspentsometimeinthecity,hehadnotroublefindingthewaytothehistorymuseum.(找到去历史博物馆的路)(2006.6)2虚拟语气：一道。89.Thevictimmighthavesurvived(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.(2006.12),3倒装：样题：Notonlydidheoverchargeme(他向我收费过高),buthedidntdoagoodrepairjobeither.4状语从句：六道。重要考点。1)目的状语：一道。88.Inordertomakemoneytosupportmyschooling,Motheroftentakesonmoreworkthanisgoodforher.（2006.6）,2)让步状语：一道。91.Thoughaskilledworker,hewasfiredbythecompany(他被公司解雇了)lastweekbecauseoftheeconomiccrisis.（2006.6）3)时间状语：一道。90.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeoplemayfeellonelywhentheyreawayfromhome.（出门在外时可能会感到孤独）(2006.12),4)条件状语：一道。91.Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorningifitsconvenientforyou.(如果你方便的话)(2007.6.)5)比较状语(结构)：两道。88.SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthattome,nothingismoreinterestingthanreading.(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)（2006.12）90.Themoreyouexplain,themoreconfusedIam(我愈糊涂)（2006.6）,5定语从句：一道。88.ThepreventionandtreatmentofAIDSisthefield(where)wecancooperate.(我们可以合作的领域)(2007.6),二重点单词(keywords)：,89.Theprofessorrequiredthatwe(should)handintheresearchreport(我们交研究报告)byWednesday.（2006.6）87.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaythatitisnoteasytoadaptoneselftolifeindifferentcultures.(2006.12)87.Thefindingofthisstudyfailedtotakethequalityofhumanssleepintoconsideration.(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内)(2007.6),89.Becauseoftheleginjury,theathletedecidedtoquitthematch.(决定退出比赛)(2007.6)90.Tomakedonationsorformoreinformation,pleasecontactusatthefollowingaddress.(按以下地址和我们联系)(2007.6)注:词汇是学习语言的基础，一定要重视词汇的积累！,三固定搭配(setstructures)：,91.Thenationspopulationcontinuestoriseatarateof12millionperyear.(以每年1200万人的速度).(2006.12)87.Thefindingofthisstudyfailedtotakeaccountofthequalityofhumanssleep.(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内)(2007.6)91.Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorningatyourconvenience.(如果你方便的话)(2007.6),倍数增减的表示法,reactsthreetimesasfastastheotherone（考点：倍数+as+形容词/副词+as）is49timesthesizeofthemoon（考点：倍数+名词）wantstoraisetherentbyathird（考点：动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数）plantodoubletheirinvestment（考点：double+名词）,4.解题步骤,第一步：首先快速浏览句子，先看英语不看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态。所谓形式包括：1.词组固定搭配(不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等)2.虚拟3.被动所谓时态是指,根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。第二步：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。第三步：切块对应翻译，重新组合。第四步：通读句子，检查错误。看看句子是否通顺，你的翻译跟原来的英文是否协调一致。,1.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaythatitisnoteasyto(适应不同文化中的生活).06.12第一步：由itisnoteasyto可以推出，划线处应该接动词原形。第二步：分析“适应不同文化的生活”核心谓语动词是“适应”，“不同文化的”作定语，“生活”作宾语第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“适应”=adaptto;adaptoneselfto；“生活”=life；“不同文化的”=differentcultures(2).重新组合：adaptoneselftothelifeindifferentcultures考察知识点：词组固定搭配adaptoneselftosth/doingsth,5.真题详解：2006.12,3.Thevictim(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.第一步：由Thevictim可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime确定应该采取虚拟语气，是对过去的虚拟。第二步：分析“本来会有机会活下来”核心谓语动词是“本来有机会-”，“活下来”作宾语。第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“本来有机会-”=wouldhaveachancetodosth，“活下来”=survive(2).重新组合：wouldhaveachancetosurvive.正确答案：wouldhave/standachancetosurvive/ofsurvivalcouldhavesurvived考察知识点：虚拟语气与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句用haddone，主句用wouldhavedone有机会做某事：have/standachancetodosth/ofsth-,4.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople(出门在外时可能会感到孤独).第一步：由Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople.可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句时态用一般现在时。第二步：分析“出门在外时可能会感到孤独”核心谓语动词是“可能会感到”，“孤独”作宾语，“出门在外时”作状语。第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“可能会感到”=mayfeel，“孤独”=lonely，“出门在外时”beawayfromhome.(2).重新组合：mayfeellonelywhentheyareawayfromhome.考察知识点：出门在外:Whentheyarenotintheirhometown,5.Thenationspopulationcontinuestorise(以每年1200万人的速度).第一步：由句中部分可以推出，划线处应该填写状语或补语。第二步：分析“以每年1200万人的速度”词组固定搭配“以-的速度”，“每年”作状语，“1200万人”作定语。第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“以-的速度”=ataspeed/rateof-，“每年”=peryear，“1200万人”=12million.(2).重新组合：ataspeedof12millionperyear.正确答案：ataspeedof12millionperyear或atarateof12millionpeopleperyear或atanannualrateof12,000,000people考察知识点：词组固定搭配ataspeedof-“以-的速度”；注意：million不加s,注意实在翻不出来，不要硬拼，教大家一种“反译”的小技巧，非常管用。1河还没有干。Theresstillwaterintherivers.2学生们还没有到齐。Studentsarestillarriving.3他每次都赢：Heneverloses.4我一夜没合眼：Ilayawakeallnight.,51.Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete(决定退出比赛).第一步：由分句主语theathlete可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得分句完整。第二步：分析“决定退出比赛”核心谓语动词是“决定”，“退出比赛”作决定的宾语。第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“决定”=decidetodosth，“退出”=quit(2).重新组合：decidedtoquitthematch.正确答案：decidedtoquit/giveupthematch考点：重点单词：退出，quit或giveup,重点单词(keywords),52.Tomakedonationsorformoreinformation,please(按以下地址和我们联系).第一步：分析句子可知前面两个并列的介词短语是目的状语，主干是由please引导的祈使句，所以要接动词原形。第二步：分析“按以下地址和我们联系”核心谓语动词是“联系”，“我们”是联系的宾语，“按以下地址”是状语。第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“联系”=contactsb.，“按以下地址”=atthefollowingaddress(2).重新组合：contactusatthefollowingaddress考点：重点单词：联系，contactsb.,MoreExercise(单词)1.Buyingclothes_(是件很耗时的工作),becausethoseclothesthatapersonlikesarerarelytheonesthatfithimorher.2.WhenIwasveryyoung,Iwasterriblefrightenedofschool,butIsoon_（克服了这种心理）。3.ThesportsmeetingoriginallyduetobeheldlastFriday_(最终因天气不好而取消了)。,isoftenaverytime-consumingjob,overcameit/gotoverit,wasfinallycalledoff/cancelledbecauseofthebadweather,MoreExercise(单词)4.I_(将在做实验)fromthreetofivethisafternoon.5.Ifthiscantbesettledreasonably,itmaybenecessaryto_(诉诸武力)。6.Markoften_（试图逃脱罚款）wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.,willbedoing/conductingtheexperiment,resorttoforce,attemptstoescapebeingfined,53.Mrs.Smithwas(对任何事情都太挑剔)thatnoservantcouldpleaseher.第一步：由后面的that结果状语从句可以推出，划线处形容词前应加副词so,即“sothat”结构。第二步：分析“对任何事情都太挑剔”核心部分是“对挑剔”，“任何事情”作挑剔的宾语。第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“对挑剔”=beparticularabout，“任何事情”=everything(2).重新组合：soparticularabouteverything考点：语法：sothat固定搭配：beparticular/fussyabout(对挑剔),语法结构(grammar),54.Scienceandtechnology(促进了农业生产的进步).第一步：本句主语为复数，所以划线部分的谓语动词也应与之保持一致，即用复数。时态用现在完成时。第二步：分析“促进了农业生产的进步”核心谓语动词是“促进了”，“进步”作促进的宾语，“农业生产”是定语。第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“促进”=contributeto，“进步”=improvement,“农业生产的”=agriculturalproduction(2).重新组合：havecontributedtotheimprovementofagriculturalproduction考点：语法：主谓一致；现在完成时固定搭配：contributeto(促进，贡献),56.(不管结果怎么样),Iwillbeonyourside.第一步：后面是主句，划线处应该是让步状语从句，时态是一般现在时。第二步：分析“不管结果怎么样”核心部分是“不管”，“结果怎么样”是不管引导的让步状语从句。第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“不管”=nomatterwhat，“结果怎么样”=whattheconsequenceis(2).重新组合：Whatever/Nomatterwhattheconsequenceis,考点：语法：nomatter+疑问词(what,when,who,why,how)或者疑问词+ever引导让步状语从句例如：_(不管任务多么艰巨)，weshouldtryoutbestandnotgiveupeasily.,NOmatterhowdifficultthetaskis,57.Atnotimeandundernocircumstances(把个人利益放在第一位).第一步：由句首表示否定意义的短语可以推出，划线处应该倒装。第二步：分析“把个人利益放在第一位”核心谓语动词是“把放在第一位”，“个人利益”是放的宾语。第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“把放在第一位”=placefirst，“个人利益”=personalinterest(注意：本句是否定短语前置表示强调，所以后面要加主语和情态动词should，并且倒装。)(2).重新组合：shouldamanplacehispersonalinterestfirst/shouldonespersonalinterestbeplacedfirst,59.Itwasvitalthat(我们月底完成工程).第一步：由主语从句itwasvitalthat可以推断出，从句应用虚拟语气，形式是should+动词原形，should通常省略。第二步：分析“我们月底完成工程”核心谓语动词短语是“完成工程”，“月底”是时间状语。第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“完成工程”=finishtheproject，“月底”=bytheendofthismonth(2).重新组合：wefinishtheprojectbytheendofthismonth考点：语法：虚拟语气,MoreExercise(语法)虚拟语气1.Whydidntyoutellmeyoucouldlendmethemoney?I_(本来不必从银行借钱的)2.BythetimeyougettoNewYork,I_(已经动身去)London。3.Itstime_（采取措施）aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.4.Itisessentialthat_(把程序输进计算机)。,neednthaveborroweditformthebank,shallhaveleftfor,somethingwasdone/somemeasuresweretaken,theprogrambeloadedintocomputer.,MoreExercise(语法)虚拟语气5.Heinsistedthattheseats_(事先预定).6.Ifwehadntmadeadequatepreparations,_(会议是不会开得这么成功的).7._(正是由于她太没有经验)thatshedoesnotknowhowtodealwiththesituation.(强调句型)8.Theroomisinaterriblemess;it_(肯定没打扫过)。(情态动词),bebookedinadvanced,theconferencewouldnthavebeensosuccessful,Itisbecausesheistooinexperienced,canthavebeencleaned,MoreExercise(语法)倒装9.Undernocircumstance_(允许游客在草地上行走).10._(他们几乎连一片面包也不浪费)theywaste.11.Fourthousanddollars_(她付不起).主谓一致,canvistorsbeallowedtowalkonthegrass,Hardlyasliceofbreaddid,ismorethanshecanafford,MoreExercise(语法)12.Hissalaryis_.(是我的两倍)倍数13._,(他虽有耐性)hewasunwillingtowaitthreehours.状语从句14.Soundisatool_(人们通过它互相交流).定语从句15._(样样精通),istoknownothing.不定式,twotimes/twiceasmuchasmine,Patientashewas,bymeansofwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother,Toknoweverything,55.Consideringyoursalary,you(应该每周至少存20美元).第一步：由主语you可知，划线部分应该把句子补充完整。第二步：分析“应该每周至少存20美元”核心谓语动词是“存”，“至少20美元”是存的宾语，“每周”是状语第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“存”=setaside，“至少20美元”=atleast20dollars,每周=aweek(2).重新组合：shouldput/setasideatleast20dollarsaweek考点：固定搭配：setaside/putaside(储存，留出),固定搭配(setstructures),58.Itisnogood(把今天的工作留到明天).第一步：由英语部分可知本句是考察Itisnogood+动名词的结构。第二步：分析“把今天的工作留到明天”核心谓语动词是“把留到”，“今天的工作”是留到的宾语,“到明天”是补语。第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“把留到”=leave，“今天的工作”=todayswork,“到明天”=untiltomorrow(2).重新组合：leavingtodaysworkuntiltomorrow考点：固定搭配：句型Itisnogood/use+动名词的结构。类似的还有：Itisfun/senseless/useless/awasteoftime等。,60.Companiesarestrugglingto(寻求供需平衡),butitisnoeasytask.第一步：由bestruggleto可知后面动词应该是动词原形。第二步：分析“寻求供需平衡”核心谓语动词是“寻求”，“平衡”作寻求的宾语，“供需”是平衡的定语。第三步：(1).切块对应翻译：“寻求平衡”=findthebalancebetween，“供需”=supplyanddemand(2).重新组合：findthebalancebetweensupplyanddemand考点：固定搭配：thebalancebetween(之间的平衡)supplyanddemand(供需),MoreExercise(固定搭配)1.TheresamanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans_（想找麻烦）2.Pleasedontstandinthekitchen,youre_(挡路了).3.Theoldman_(谋生)bylookingafteraparkinglot.4.Itmaybenecessarytostop_(每隔时间)inthelearningprocessandgobacktothedifficultpointsinthelessons.5.Childrenareverykindandhonest_(天生).,tomaketrouble,intheway,madehisliving,atintervals,bynature,1.Theplaceisaswarmas(江南三月.)2.IstudiedEnglish(跟我叔父.),四.典型错误分析.,JiangnaninMarch(不能说:MarchofJiangnan.),undermyuncle(不能说:frommyuncle.但可以说:IlearnedEnglishfrommyuncle.),38,3.Please_(回信)early.4.Ihaveknownhim(从小时侯起).5.Thepriceofthewatch(很贵.),answerthisletter.(不能说:replythisletter,但可以说:replytothisletter.),fromachild/sincehischildhood.(不能说:sinceachild.),ishigh.(不能说:isdear/expensive).,39,6.Idisliketodrink.(我兄弟也一样.)8.Imusedto(晚睡)atnight.,Sodoesmybrother.(Dislike有否定之意,但表面上并没有否定字样,因此不能说neitherdoesmybrother.),knocking/knockingatthedoor.,stayinguplate(后接名词或动名词.),40,9.Pleasecomeatsixif(你方便的话.)10.Hehasprohibitedtheboys(吸烟).,itisconvenienttoyou.(不能说:yourareconvenient.),fromsmoking(不能说:tosmoke.但可以说:Theyhaveforbiddentheboystosmoke).,41,四级新题型经典翻译练习(1),1.Amansworthliesnotsomuchinwhathehas(而在于他是什么人)2.(不管他喝了多少酒)ithadnonoticeableeffectonhim.3.(和同龄的其他孩子相比),Robertisverytall.4.TheUN(已要求双方遵守)theceasefire.5.（真是不凑巧），theonetimeIwantedtoseeher,shewasntin.1.asinwhatheis2.Howevermuchhedrank3.Comparedwithotherchildrenofthesameage.4.hascalledonbothsidestoobserve5.Aschancewouldhaveit,四级新题型经典翻译练习(2),6.(要不是几次打断)themeetingwouldhavefinishedhalfanhourago.7.Itissimple.Themorepreparationyoudonow,(考试之前你就越不会紧张).8.Theelevatorsinthisbuilding（总出故障）.9.Thisarticletellsyou（怎样在旅行期间防止生病）.10.(平均来看),mensmokemorecigarettesthanwomen.6.Butforseveralinterruptions7.Thelessnervousyouwillbebeforetheexam8.arealwaysbreadingdown9.howtoavoidgettingillwhiletraveling10.Onaverage,四级新题型经典翻译练习(3),11.（想到还得重新考试）depressedhim.12.Thebookis(我够不着)；wouldyoupleasepassittome?13.Itwasproposedthat(旅行推迟）.14.(说到现代艺术)，fewpeopleknowmorethanTomdoes.15.Studentsdiscussideas,(而不是单纯抄袭课本).11.Thethoughtoftakingtheexamagain12.beyond/outof/abovemyreach13.thetripbeputoff14.Whenitcomestomodernart15.asopposedtojustcopyingfrombooks,四级新题型经典翻译练习(4),16.Theresultofthecompetitionwill(大部分依靠)theopinionsofthejudges.17.Nowadays,moreandmorepeople(非常重视)economicforecasts.18.Hebuiltupasuccessfulbusinessbutitwasalldone(以健康为代价).19.(手头准备一本英英字典),andwhenyoucannotinterpretawordwithaccuracy,youmayrefertoitanytime.20.Peoplewholiveintheareas(地震多发区)shouldbuildhousesthatareresistanttogroundmovement.16.dependlargelyon17.attachgreatimportanceto18.atthecost/expenseofhealth19.keepanEnglish-Englishdictionaryhandy20.whereearthquakesareacommonoccurrence,四级新题型经典翻译练习(5),21.Notonly(她抱怨食物)，shealsorefusedtopayforit.22.Educatorswarnparentsthat(没有好处的)forcingchildrentolearn.23.Thedevelopmentofscientificresearchinourcountry(特点是理论联系实际).24.Newfactoriesandhydroelectricstationsofsmallandmediumsizes(正在全国各处兴建).25.Iwasntsomuchbotheredbyhisloudplayingofthetrumpet(不如说是对他缺乏音乐才华而烦恼).21.didshecomplainaboutthefood22.itisnogood23.ischaracterizedbythecombinationoftheorywithpractice24.arebeingbuilteverywhereinthecountry25.asbyhislackofmusicart,四级新题型经典翻译练习(6),26.TheimportanceofEnglishlearning(无论怎么强调也是应该的).27.NotthatIdontwanttohelpyou,(而是因为这超过了我的能力所及).28.Railwayistotransportation(就如血液对于人的身体).29.Beinggoodfriends,weshouldtelleachother(我们的烦心事)andtrytofindoutsolutions.30.Hecheckedouthiscompositionagainandagain(以确信没有遗漏要点).26.cannotbeover-stressed27.butthatitisbeyondmypower28.whatbloodistoamansbody29.whatisdisturbingus30.tomakesurethatnoimportantpointshadbeenomitted,四级新题型经典翻译练习(7),31.Weshouldmakegooduseofourtimeinclassand(集中精力听课)32.(务必至少留出一小时)adayforsports.Itwillmakeyouhealthyandenergetic.33.(据报道)ourindustrialandagriculturalproductionisgoingonincreasing.34.Onemeaningofpunctualityisthatwemustnot(推迟今天能做的事)tilltomorrow.35.I(情不自禁想起)hisparentsatthesightofthepicture.31.concentrateonwhattheteachersays32.Besuretosetasideatleastanhour33.Itisreportedthat34.putoffwhatwecandotoday35.couldnthelpthinkingof,四级新题型经典翻译练习(8),36.Insomerespects,thatnewdictionary(有许多地方需要改进).37.Thewaysofgreeting(因文化不同而不同).38.Iam(没有心情参加)thepartythisevening.39.Mostofthestudentsinthecollege(难以进入)thecomputersinthelibrary40.Theeffortswehavemade(似乎全白费了).36.hasmuchtobeimproved37.varyfromculturetoculture38.innomoodfor39.havedifficultygettingaccessto40.seemtobeinvain,四级新题型经典翻译练习(9),41.Ourresponsibilityisto(保持我们的房间干净整洁).42.Scarcely(她刚要睡着)whenaknockatthedoorawakenedher.43.Smithkeptthinkinghardbutfailed(拿出一个可行的计划).44.Fortunately,throughherownhardwork,she(渡过了最困难时期).45.Theyoftenmakepreparationsfortheirwork(提前几天或几周）41.keepourroomneatandclean42.hadshefallenasleep43.tocomeupwithapracticalplan44.hasgotthroughthemostdifficulttime45.daysorweeksinadvance,四级新题型经典翻译练习(10),46.Heappliedforajobonly(结果被拒绝).47.ThemoreIthoughtaboutit,(我越觉得惭愧).48.(过分担心一次失败是没有用的)，andweshoulddrawsomeusefullessonsfromit.49.Dickwassenttothehospital(在交通事故中受了点轻伤).50.Inthepastfewyears,perhapsnoothertopics(更受年轻人关注了)thanthebidforthesponsorshipoftheOlympicGames.46.tobeturneddown47.themoreashamedIbecame48.itisnouseworryingexcessivelyaboutasinglefailure49.becauseofaminorinjuryinthetrafficaccident50.havereceivedmorefromtheyouth,四级新题型经典翻译练习(11),51.(要不是计算机的出现)，oursocietywouldnthavedevelopedinthisway.52.Today,peoplearemoreconcernedabouttheirhealth(比过去).53.Howcanyoutalktoherlikethat?Sheistheone(把你养大)andhelpedyoufinishschool.54.Idontsuggestthatheisnegligent,(更没有暗示他不诚实).55.Thedepthofwaterinthefirsttubeisnearly(一半高度)intheother.51.Butfortheemergenceofcomputer52.thantheywereinthepast53.whobroughtyouup54.muchlessthatheisdishonest55.halfthat,四级新题型经典翻译练习(12),56.(从他的口音判断),hemustbeanortherner.57.Thedoctoradvisedthat(她应该节食)inordernottoputonweight.58.Ididntexpectsoheavytraffic,otherwise(我就会早点动身).59.WhenIarrivedhome,Ifound(房子被破门而入了).60.Jackwascaught(考试作弊).56.Judgingfromhisaccent57.she(should)goonadiet58.Iwouldhavesetoffearlier59.thehousebrokeninto60.cheatingon/intheexam,四级新题型经典翻译练习(13),61.(把所有的因素考虑进去)，hispla