短文改错专题复习

1 / 25 短文改错专题复习 复习讲义 英语复习短文改错专题 NmET 短文改错的解题基本思路应该是：一以句为单位，找行中错误，每行必有一个判断（错词、多词、少词和正确），而判断的依据一定是上下文，最小单位是一个完整的句子。二以篇为单位，找句中错误。许多时候，就某一行或某一句单独而言常常难以判断其是否正确，错误何在，而必须以全篇为一整体才可对该句，进而对该行作出判断。 具体解题过程中，应该注意把握九个一致问题： 一时态一致短文中谓语动词的时态与上下文，特定语言环境及该句的时间状语是否保持了呼 应与一致。 例 1 (NmET 98)全文都是一般现在时，此句中 was 虽然与上下问不一致，应改为 am。 例 2 Irememberedherwordsandcalmdown.(NmET 2000) 此处为一描述过去事件的语境，应与前文 remembered 保持一致，须改为 calmed。 例3 Today,itismucheasiertobehealthythanitisinthepast.(NmET 93)第一个 is 与时间状语 today 保持一致，地第二个 is 则应改为 was,使之与其时间状语 inthepast 一致。 二主谓一致谓语动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持一致。 2 / 25 例 4 Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary. (NmET 2000)主语为 AandB 时，谓语动词一般为复数，应改为 are。 例5 Thenewboyorgirlinschoolquicklybecomeoneoftheclassafterafewgames.(NmET 93)主语为 AorB 时，应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓语的单复数， become 应改为 becomes. 例6 Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrong(NmET 98)此处与例 4，例 5 不同，谓语动词 makes 与上下文保持一致，为正确的用法，而 play 须改 Playing 才可与此处其它部分一致。 三平行一致 notonlybutalso,eitheror,neithernor 以及and,but,or 等并列连词或词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。在平行结构中，词性时态等形式须保持前后一致。 例7 Playingfootballnotonlymakesbutalso giveusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.(NmET 98)依据平行一致原则，此处 give 应与前文 makes 保持一致，改为 gives. 例8 Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationan3 / 25 ddrovemetotheirhome.(NmET 96)此句中的 drove 应与前文tomeet 保持平行，故改为 drive。 四数的一致名词的数须与其修饰语保持一致 例 9 Westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasmaths, chinese(NmET 97)quiteafew 只修饰复数名词，保持一致 ,subject 应改为 subjects. 例 10 Theyaskedmelotsofquestion.(NmET 96)与 lotsof保持一致的只能是复数名词，应改为 questions. 五主饰一致句中的主要词（中心词）应与其修饰词间保持一致。 除了例 9，例 10 外，还有 例 11 sothatI llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.(NmET2001) all 若修饰可数名词时， 其后名词应为复数。 subject 该为subjects。 例 12 Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedme success.(NmET2000)all 修饰的主语部分应是三者以上，故schoolmate 应为 schoolmates. 例 13 Unfortunate,therearetoomanypeople(NmET 99) Unfortunate 应作状语，修饰整个句子，此时应为副词unfortunately 才可保持一致。 例 14 I msurewe 4 / 25 llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.(NmET 95)修饰名词，应为 awonderfultime. 六指代一致用于指代的各类代词应在数、格、性上与上下文保持一致。 例 15 TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome. (NEmT 96)TheSmiths 为一复数概念，故指代词也应为第三人称复数 their. 例 16 IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofchina.(NmET97) 此处应为作主语的关系代词 which. 例 17 AndIcan tforgetthefoodyoucookedforI.(NmET95) 此处 I 应作介词的宾语，故改为 me 才可保持一致。 七语态一致句中谓语动词或非谓语动词应与上下文语态保持一致。 例 18 Booksmaybekeepforfourweeks.(NEmT 94) 与其主语 Books 相对应，此处应为被动语态，故 keep 应改为 kept。 八搭配一致句中的固定搭配应保持完整并与上下文一致。 例 19 IfeltsonervousasIshooklikealeaf.(NmET 2000)后 跟从句，保持一致须用 sothat 结构这一固定搭配。 as 改5 / 25 为 that. 例 20 Ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.(NmET 97) lookforwardto 中 to 是介词，其后应为动名词 hearing。 例 21 Butitdidn tmatterthatIwouldwinornot.(NmET2000) 与其后 ornot 保持一致时应用 whether。 例22 Ihaveneitherbrothersnorsisters-inanyotherwords,Iamanonlychild.(NmET2001) inanyotherwords 意为 “ 换言之 ” ，应为 inotherwords。 九逻辑一致 这是一种隐蔽性较强且年年必考的错误，检查时应通篇考虑，重点在连词、代词，肯定与否定，及相对应的动词如 come与 go 等。 例 23 Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.(NmET 2000) 上下文看，应为 She-myEnglishteacher 微笑且点头鼓励我， but 应为 and。 例 24 Nowsomeoneathomereadsinstead.(NmET 99) 从上文可知，因为无电视可看，人人都只好读书， someone改为 everyone 或 everybody. 例25 Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowi6 / 25 nthegame.(NmET 98)通读全文，都是用第一人称，这时突然用到 they,显然不一致，应改为 we. 实战演练一 mostfamiliesinchinahopedtheirsinglec hildrenwill76 _ haveahappyfuture, _ Sodoteachersinschools!manychildrenaregivensomuch78 _ _ _ _ attackorkillhisparentsandteachers!Ibelievemanypeople82 _ _ Shouldn twedrawlessonfromtheaccidents?Nowour84 _ _ 7 / 25 Nowadays,almosteveryfamilyhasTVset,andalmost76 _ _ TVhasmanyadvantages,forexample,itinformsusthe78 _ latestnewswhichishappeningintheworld;itcanopenour79 _ eyes,enlargeourknowledgeandalsohelpustoseemore80 _ abouttheworlD But, _ wastetoomuchtimeinwatchingTVandhisnormallife82 _ andworkareaffecteD Tothechildrenwhotheyspendtoo83 _ muchtimeinwatchingTV,itcandoharmfultotheirsight84 _ _ Afewmonthsafterreturningt heUSfromGermany,Itook76._ _ tosayGermanwellinGermany,Ithoughtitmightbe78._ 8 / 25 _ firstclass,theteacheraskedustodoapronunciation80._ exerciseinithewouldsayawordortwoinFrench,and81._ _ me,hekepthavingmetosaymorewords,andI83._ finallyaskedhimwhy.“Ifinditgreatfun,”sheexplained84._ it.“In2earsofteachingatschool,it sthefirsttime85._ I veheardanAmericanspeakFrenchwithaGermanaccent.” _ millionsoftonsofwastewaterisbeingpoureddowntofrom77._ 78._ _ 80._ Riverissuchdirtyandpoisonousthatpeopledon tdareswim 81._ 82._ governmentandthepeopleneartherivermusttrytoclearwater83._ _ 9 / 25 _ willbepreventedinthenearfuture. DearAbby, Howareyou?TodayI _ IhaveofferedascholarshipatauniversityinAustraliaformy77._ _ forit,79._ _ _ _ can _ llbeabletocontinuelivingwith84._ ?85._Bestwishes, jane Aperson sagenolongertellsyousomethingabout76._hissocialposition, snolonger,77._ aparticularyearwhichonegoestoschoolorgoesto78._ 10 / 25 _ thatkeptusontimeandtolduswhengotoschool,get80._ ajob,orstopworkingisn _ Itdoesn tsurpriseustoheara28-year-olduniversity82._ presidentora35-year-oldgrandmother,or70-year-old83._ _ allknow,public _ Itisdifficultforparentstoteachyourchildrentoberesponsible76._ ( 有责任的 )forhousework,butwithoneofthefollowedsuggestions,77._ _ childrentheimpressionwhichtheycanneverdoanythingquiteright,79._ _ believetheycansucceed,_ 11 / 25 Don _ whatthey vedoneright,butaboutwhattheyhaven _ childrencompleteadifficulttask,reward( 酬劳 )himwithaSunday84._ _ BeforeIwenttoseniormiddleschool,somepeoplestold76._ me. “ Alifeofseniormiddleschoolisunforgettable. ”77._ WhileIfirstenteredmyseniormiddleschool,everything78._ ,79._ twant80._ ,my81._ schoolrecordwentfrombadtoworse,especiallymy82._ _ ,“ Idon t84._ tlikethelifehere.” 85._ 12 / 25 TomandDickarenextdoorneighbourwhowork76._ inthesameofficesotheywalkedtogethertoandfrom77._ _ _ andsaid, “ mywifesurelyhasforesight( 预见 ).Shesaid80._ onthismorningitwouldrainandtoldmetocarrymy81._ umbrellawithme. ”Dicksmiledandwalkedtohim,said,82._ “ _ carryanumbrellaandassheknewyouwouldcertainly84._ havewithyou.” 85._ DearSirormadam, Iseeyouradvertisementinastudentmagazineand76._ I _ Firstofall,IshouldexplainthatalthoughIcanswimI m78._ _ 13 / 25 advertisementthatyourinstructorsarefullqualified( 称职 ),80._ soIbelievethey _ Ihaveoneweek sholidayinthethreeweekofjune82._ andwouldliketoknowthatifthere sacourserunningat83._ scourseworth?Finally,84._ ifIdecidetogoahead,arethereanyspecialequipmentI85._ needtobuyoriseverythingprovidedbyyourcompany? Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou. Sincerelyyours, Tom DearXiaohua, _ _ theoperationwassuccessful,butbecauseheroldage78._ _ doctorsalsosayitwasquitenecessaryforherto80._ _ 14 / 25 _ m83._ dbetter84._ _ yours, Xiaohui FootballismostpopulargameinEngland:onehasonly76._ _ poor,youngandold,onecanseethemallthere,shoutand78._ _ thingsaboutfootballinEnglandtoastrangeristhegreat80._ knowledgeofthegamewhichstillthesmallestboyseems81._ _ oftheimportantteam,hehasphotographsofthemand83._ _ _ 15 / 25 ,76._ ,77._ _ Afterclimbingforhalfanhour,wegotatthetopof79._ _ thenorth,_ ,_ Thesunstartedtogodown,foritwastimeforus83._ ,wewerelaughingand84._ _ BeforelunchAllenhappenedtoseeamanfishedin76._ _ sheartwentout79._ ,“ Hello,will80._ youpleasedomeafavorandhaveadrinkwithme81._ inthebar?” _ Afterbuyingthemanseveralcupssoft-drinks,83._ Allenasked,“ youarefishingthere,right?mayI84._ 16 / 25 knowhowmuchfishyouhavecaughtthismorning?” 85._ “ youarethenumber8,” saidthemanhumorously. Whatshouldyoudowhenyourparentsbecomeangry?If76._ yourparentsgotmad,trytohaveaconversationwiththem77._ _ willtrytochange,buttheywilltakesometimebecause79._ theygetangryalltheirlife,_ _ Doanynicethingsforyourparentsthattheydon texpect82._ likecooking,doingthedishes,washingclothes,orclean83._ twork,bringinfriendthatyou84._ feelcomfortable,_ ,china sVice-premier76 _ 17 / 25 _ HewasinthespaceflightcenterneartoHouston78 _ sseatofamodelof79 _ aspaceshuttle（航天飞机） ,hewas askedtotouchabutton80 _ tomakeitlandingontheearthfrom81 _ aheightof95,000feet, _ windowsofthecraft,hecouldseetheearth83 _ cominguptomeethimasareturnedspacepilot84 _ _ 实战演练二 A We llneverforgetadaywhenmyclassmatesand1._ _ wasalargeonewithnearly20,_ likeagardenandwesawcolorfulflowers,grassandtrees4._ _ _ ,7._ _ 18 / 25 Wereallyhopedwhatwecouldgetmorechances9._ _ B Thechildrennextdooroftenplaythefootballin1._ thegardenaftermyhouseandsometimesbreakmy2._ _ ,Iclosedmyeyesandwent4._ _ “ youhaven t6._ brokenoneofmywindowagain?” Iasked.“ oh,no!” 7._ answeredtheboy.“ yourwindowswereallopenedthis8._ _ mindgettingintogetourball?” Iwasatalossatthe10._ moment. c _ ,and2._ _ _ justtoldmetosayanythingthatIcouldthinkaboutthe5._ _ 19 / 25 air-conditioned,_ _ _ forafewweeks,andthenleftandjoinedinabetter10._ company. D SueandAnnoftenmeetatacheaperrestauranttoeat1._ andtalkingaboutlifeandschoolaftertheirmorning2._ ,insteadoftalking,theyplaya3._ gamethattheycallit“ peoplewatching” .Theystartthe4._ gameinobservingandlisteningtopeoplearound5._ themcarefullyandmakeguessesabouttheirlivesas6._ ages,jobs,likes,7._ _ Thereforetheyusuallyhavegoodreasonsforthinking9._ thatwhattheyare.“ Thegameisfun,” _ E Ataparty,itisquitenormalofsomeonetohave1._ ashortconversationwithyouandthengoontotalking2._ tootherpeople!Don tthinktheydislikeyouorthey3._ 20 / 25 _ inBritain,particularlytherepeoplearestandinguprather5._ _ ataparty.“ _ Seeyoulater,perhaps?”“ vejustseen8._ vegottodiscussameetingwe9._ ?” 10._ F Ifeltsadlyyesterdaywhenourteachertoldussomething1._ _ childreninthecountrysidewhocan tpaytogoto3._ _ coulddosomethingfortheProjectthenIcaughtsight5._ _ upmymindstosendmypocketmoneywhichI7._ hadsavedfornearlyoneyearforthechildrenwho8._ _ _ G 21 / 25 LastnightwhenStevenandIwashavingawalkinthe1._ Street,wesuddenlyheardapainfulcryforhelpunder2._ _ _ Stevensuggestedwepulledthestickoutatonce,butIdisagreed,5._ _ _ notelephone,_ _ _ H ?,Iwas1._ _ _ tanswerme4._ ,_ “ canyoufindsomebiketrackthatisreallystraight? ”6._ _ head.“ No?” hesaid,“ infactneitherofthetracksis8._ 22 / 25 _ everynowandthen,youhadalreadygoneforward.” 10._ I Boysandgirls, Attention, _ HowtoImproveyourEnglishisnowonsellinthe 2._ _ isagreathelponourEnglishstudyandsuit