新版新目标英语八年级上册unit1知识点总结.doc

Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?1. go on vacation去度假 vacation假期、假日=holiday，on vacation = on holiday 度假 the long vacation 长假the summer vacation 暑假 the Christmas vacation 圣诞假期 goonvacation/tothemountains/tothebeach/tosummercamp 去度假，去爬山，去沙滩，去夏令营 2. buy anything special 买特别的东西1)buy v买；购买 过去式为bought buysb.sth=buysthforsb. 给某人买某物2)anything不定代词，某事；某件东西 主要用于疑问句或否定句中 Do you want to buy anything for me? I cant say anything about it. 3) anthing special特别的东西 adj修饰不定代词时后置4) something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代词。somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定代词。5) 这些不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数 Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗？6) something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句及疑问句中。Did you do anything interesting? 你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）3. anywhere adv 在任何地方 Did you go anywhere during the summer vacation？ anywhere 在任何地方常用于否定句和疑问句中 I cant find it anywhere. somewhere 在某处；到某处常用于肯定句中 I lost my key somewhere near here.4. take photos 照相；拍照 5. quite a few 很多;不少 修饰可数名词复数 quite a little 很多;不少 修饰不可数名词 afew+可数名词复数 表肯定 few+可数名词复数 表否定 alittle+不数名词表肯定 little+不可数名词 表否定6.most of the time大部分时间 most为代词，大部分；大多数 most of 中的大多数 它作主语时，谓语动词取决于most of后所修饰的名词 Most of us are going to the park. 我们大多数人要去公园。 Most of the food goes bad. 大部分的食物都变质了。7.have a good time = enjoy oneself = have fun 玩得开心 （+ doing） We had a good time visiting the the Great Wall. = We enjoyed ourselves visiting the the Great Wall.= We had fun visiting the the Great Wall.8.How did you like it? 你觉得它怎么样？How do/did you like? 你觉得怎么样？ 用来询问对方的观点或看法，=What do you think of?=How do/did you feel about?9. go shopping去购物；去买东西=do some shopping. go+doing 形式表示去做某事，常用于表达从事某一体育活动或休闲活动 go skating 去滑冰 go hiking 去徒步旅行 go sightseeing 去观光 go fishing去钓鱼 go swimming 去游泳 go boating 去划船10.a friends farm是名词所有格形式。一般情况下，表示“有生命的人或物”的名词后面加s，表示所属关系。 The red bike is Alices. 那辆红色的自行车是爱丽斯的。 名词所有格的构成：1）单数名词词尾加s ，复数名词词尾没有s,也要加s the girl s pen女孩的钢笔 womens shoes女鞋 on Childrens Day2）复数名词以s结尾的只加 the students reading room学生阅览室 Teachers Day教师节3）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示“分别有”；只后一个名词有一个s，则表示“共有”： Johns and Kates rooms. 约翰和凯特（各自）的房间。 Lily and Lucys father. 莉莉和露西的爸爸（同一个爸爸）。4）表示无生命的名词一般以.of.构成短语，表示所有关系。 a map of China一幅中国地图 the name of the story那个故事的名字11. seem v 好像；似乎；看来 1)seem+adj. 看起来 You seem happy today.你今天看起来很高兴。2)seem+to do sth. 似乎，好像做某事 I seem to have a cold.我似乎感冒了。=It seems that I have a cold.3) It seems/seemed+从句 看起来好像；似乎 It seems that no one believes you.看起来好像没有人相信你4) seem like 好像，似乎12. nothing much to do 没什么事可做 nothing.but. 除.之外什么也没有，只有 but+ n/v原形 I have nothing to do but watch TV. Thereisnothingmuchtodobutread.除了读书没什么可做的13. bored boring bored 厌烦的；感到无聊的 一般在句中修饰人 boring 无聊的；令人厌烦的 一般在句中修饰事或物 beboredwith对感到无聊 interested adj. 感兴趣的 interesting adj. 有趣的 surprised adj. 感到惊奇的 surprising adj. 惊奇的 tired 累的 tiring 令人疲惫的 excited 兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋/激动的 amazed 惊讶的 amazing 令人惊讶的 14. say about 发表对.的看法enjoyable adj 愉快的；快乐的 enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做乐意做 enjoy oneself =have a good = have fun 过得愉快 15. arrive v 到达 arrive in表示到达较大的地方，如国家、省、市等 arrive at表示到达较小的地方，如机场、商店、广场、村庄等。（地点副词home，here，there前介词省略）arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 get to +地点 reach+地点16. decide v 决定 n decision decide to do sth. 决定做某事 (decide not to do sth决定不要做某事) decide on doing sth. 决定做某事 make a decision to do sth. decidetodosth=makeadecisiontodosth决定做某事 decide后常跟疑问词+动词不定式做宾语17.tryv 其后常接名词、动名词或不定式，尝试；试图，设法；努力(1)trytodosth努力做 表示想尽一切办法要把事情办成，强调付出努力设法去完成。(2)trydoingsth尝试做 表示一种尝试、做做看的想法，不一定付出很多努力。(3)try/doonesbesttodo尽力做(4)haveatry试一试 try n 尝试 18.feel like给的感觉；感受到 其后常接从句。 He feels like he is swimming. 他感觉像在游泳一样。 feel like 想要其后可接名词、代词或动名词。 feel like sth. 想要某物 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事19. building n 建筑物；楼房 build v建造，建筑（built，built），The workers built many tall buildings in our school last year.20.wonder v 想知道；琢磨 其后常接who, what, why等疑问词引导的宾语从句。 I wonder what they were doing here.我想知道他去哪里了。21. walk around 四处走走 Hes just walking around the village.他只是在村庄里随便走走。22. difference n 差别，差异 adj different不同的；有差异的 What is the difference between this book and that book? My schoolbag is different from yours. 1)tellthedifferencesbetween.and说出与的区别2)makeadifferenceto对有影响，有意义3) be different from 与不同 be the same as 23. 常用的感叹句的结构：1)What +adj.+ 复数名词 / 不可数名词+主语+谓语！ 2)What +a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！3)How +adj. +a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！ 4)How+adj./adv. +主语+谓语！ What an interesting book it is! = How interesting a book is! 那本书多么有趣啊！24. want to do sth. =想要做某事 start doing sth. 开始做某事=start to do sth. take the train 乘火车”，take乘坐25. a little 一点儿 修饰动词、形容词或副词。也可修饰不可数名词。26. wait for等候其后可接人或物 Tom was waiting for a bus over there.27. over prep多于；超过=more than。 My father is over 40 years old. There are over eight hundred students in our school.28. too many 太多 其后接可数名词复数。 He always has too many questions to ask me. too many + 可数名词复数 太多. too much + 不可数名词 太多. much too + 形容词 /副词 太. 29. becauseof+宾语(名词/动名词/代词) 因为，由于 because(conj.)+句子 因为 引导状语从句 I didnt buy the shirt because it was too expensive. He lost his job because of his age. 30. below 表示下方，低于 反义词为 above 在.上面 under表示在正下方 31. bring 带来；拿来 指从别处带到说话者所在地 take 拿走；带走 指从说话者所在地带到别处去 bring sth.to +地点，带来 其反义词是take Please bring your book to our school. 请把你的书带到我们学校来。 Please take your book to your school. 请把你的书带到你的学校去。32.enough adj 足够的，充分的 修饰adj或adv，一般置于被修饰词之后 1)enough+n足够多的 用来修饰名词时放在名词之前 2)adj/advenoughtodosth足够 We have enough time to do our homework. The box is big enough.33. forget to do sth.与forget doing sth. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事事情还没做 Dont forget to close the window. forget doing sth. 意为“忘记做过某事事情已经做过了 I forget closing the window. stoptodo停下来去做另外一件事，stopdoing停下来做某事 34. why not为什么不呢 一般用在疑问句中，表示提建议；why not后面需跟动词原形。 Why not + 动词原形?=Why dont you+ 动词原形? Why not go to the party with me? =Why dont you go to the party with me? 提建议的句子 What/ how about +doing sth.? Why dont you + do sth.? Why not + do sth. ? Lets + do sth. Shall we/ I + do sth.? 35. with prep 具有；带有 with作介词时的其他用法1)“和一起 I often go to school _ my friend. 我经常和朋友们一起去上学。2)以（手段、材料），用（工具）， Cut the apple with a knife. 用刀切苹果。36.so that 如此以致于 引导结果状语从句，so adv+adj/adv. that+从句 She was so sad that she couldnt say a word. 她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。 so that 引导目的状语从句 以便，为了 sothat / suchthat（如此以致）引导的结果状语从句 so+adj./adv.+that He is _lovely a boy_we love him very much. The little boy is so young that he cant go to school. 37. tell sb not to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 keep doing sth. 继续做某事，一直做某事38. jump up and down in excitement. 兴奋地蹦上蹦下up and down 上上下下；来来回回 在句中作状语。 They looked me _ _ _. 他们上上下下打量我。 He walks_ _ _ in the room. 他在房间里来回走动。 jump into 跳入 jump off 跳离 jump over 跳过 jump out of 跳出39. comeup（太阳）出来。出现，发生40. 反身代词：myself , ourselves, yourself , yourselves, himself