新版牛津九年级上册U1Wise men in history.doc

U1 Wise men in history 要点一，学习Reading并翻译文章Archimedes and the golden crown One day in ancient Greece, King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a golden crown. At first, he was very happy with it. 古希腊的一天，海尔罗国王请一位制作皇冠的人给他制作一顶金皇冠。起初，他对皇冠感到非常高兴。“Its a nice crown, isnt it?” he asked his men. Later, however, he began to doubt that it was a real golden crown. “Is it made completely of gold?” he wondered. He sent it to Archimedes and asked him to find out the truth. “这是一个很漂亮的皇冠，不是吗？”他问仆人。然而后来他开始怀疑皇冠是否是一顶真的金皇冠。“这真是纯金的吗？”他纳闷着。他把皇冠送到了阿基米德那里，叫他搞清楚真相。“This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?” thought Archimedes. “这个问题似乎很难解决。我该怎么办？”阿基米德想。Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water. When he got into the bath, some water ran over. 当阿基米德往浴池里倒水的时候他仍然思考着这个难题。当他进入浴池时，一些水溢了出来。“Thats it!” shouted Archimedes. “I know how to solve the kings problem!” “就是如此”阿基米德喊道，“我知道如何解决国外的难题了！”Archimedes went straight to the palace to see the king. First, he weighed the crown and asked the king for some gold of the same weight. 阿基米德直接去到了宫殿觐见国王。首先，他称了皇冠，然后像国王要了同等重量的金子。Next, he put two pots into two big bowls and filled both pots with water. He put the gold into one pot and some water ran into the bowl. Then he put the crown into the other pot. This time, even more water ran into the bowl. 接着，他放了两个罐子到两个大碗里，然后把罐子注满了水。他把金子放入其中一个罐，一些水跑到了碗里。然后他把皇冠放入另一个罐。这一次，更多的水跑到了碗里。“Look at this,” said Archimedes to King Hiero. “A crown made completely of gold displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal. This crown displaced more water than gold of the same weight, so Im certain that its not completely made of gold.” “快看”阿基米德对国王说道。“一个完全由金子制作的皇冠比一个由金子和其他金属制作的皇冠要取代更少的水。这顶皇冠比同等质量的金子取代更多的水，所以我确定这不是纯金的。“The crown maker tricked me , didnt he? What a bad man he is!” shouted King Hiero. He then sent the crown maker to prison. “金匠骗了我，对不对？这个大坏人！”海尔罗国王喊道。然后他把金匠投入了监狱。要点二，学习语法（句子类型）句子按使用的目的可分为四类：1、陈述句2、疑问句3、祈使句4、感叹句从结构上看句子可分为三种类型：1、简单句2、并列句3、复合句一、句子的种类（Kinds of Sentences）1、陈述句：（1）肯定句：We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。（2）否定句：They dont go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班。说明：叙述或否定一个事实或看法。2、疑问句：（1）一般疑问句：Are you a worker? 你是个工人吗？Yes, I am. 是的，我是工人。Havent you seen the film? No, I havent. 你没看过这部电影吗？没看过。说明：以一个助动词，情态动词或动词be开始的问句。回答要用yes或no。（2）特殊疑问句：Who is the man? 这人是谁？When do you watch TV? 你什么时间看电视？What are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么？说明：以一个疑问代词或疑问副词开头的句子一般要用倒装句语序（或称为疑问词加一般疑问句）（3）选择疑问句：Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。说明：提出两个或两个以上的情况，选择一个作为答案。（4）反意疑问句：They are going to the airport, arent they? 他们要去机场，是吗？You havent finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业，是吗？说明：提出情况或看法问对方是否同意。在陈述句后附加一个简短的疑问句，即前面句子肯定，后为否定；前面句子否定，后为肯定。He seldom went to bed at ten, did he? 他很少在十点钟上床睡觉？是吗？He knows little Russian, does he? 他几乎不懂俄语，是吗？说明：当陈述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否定意义的副词时，附加问句用肯定形式。3.祈使句：a肯定句：Be sure to get there at eight. 八点钟一定要到那儿。b否定句：Dont worry. Ill help you out. 别担心，我会帮助你的。说明：表示命令，请求，叮嘱，号召等，谓语动词用原形。4.感叹句：感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种： 掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。 How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。例如：How clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！ How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如：How lovely the baby is! 小毛头真可爱！ What +名词+陈述语序。例如：What noise they are making! 他们真吵！ What +a/an+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如：What a clever boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！ What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例如：What wonderful ideas （we have）! 我们的主意真棒！ What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。例如：What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！ What a clever boy he is!的省略形式为：What a clever boy!what + n.：What great changes we have had these years! 这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊！What a fine day it is! 多好的天呀！how + adj.：How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀！how + adv. ：How hard they are working! 他们工作多努力呀！How time flies! 时间过得多么快呀！How + adj. + a (an) + n.How nice a boy (he is)！=What a nice boy he is! 多么好的孩子啊！说明：表示说话时惊异，喜悦，气忿等情绪。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或句子。二、句子的类型（Types of Sentences）1、简单句的句子的类型：一个主语+一个谓语，例：The girl plays the piano every day. 那女孩每天弹钢琴。两个主语+一个谓语，例：Tom and I are good friends. 汤姆和我是好朋友。一个主语+两个谓语，例：He opened the door and left. 他打开门出去了。两个主语或两个谓语或更多，例：Mr and Mrs Smith went to the market, bought some fruit and visited their friends. 史密斯夫妇去市场，买了些水果，并看望了朋友。结构特殊：只含有一个词或一个词组，例：Hello! 喂！Help! Help! 救命啊！救命！Many thanks. 万分感谢。2、简单句的基本句型（The Basic Sentence Patterns）句型结构：（1）主语+不及物动词：S + Vi.，例：Birds fly. 鸟飞They disappeared. 他们消失了。（2）主 + 连系动词 + 表语：S + V + P，例：She is a university student. 她是一名大学生。He has become a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员。（3）主 + 及物动词 + 宾语：S + Vt + O，例：He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。We help each other. 我们互相帮助。（4）主 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：S + Vt + O + O，例：I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。They sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报。（5）主 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 补语：S + Vt + O + C，例：They named the boy Jack. 他们给孩子起名叫杰克。I want everything ready by eight oclock. 我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。注：S = Subject（主语）Vi=Intransitive Verbs（不及物动词）Vt=Transitive Verb（及物动词）P=Predicative（表语）O=Object（宾语）C=Complement补语u 重点、难点：否定陈述句要注意下列几点：（1）否定陈述句主要是在肯定句中加not或no (= not a /any) 构成的，除not和no外，用具有否定意义的副词也可构成否定陈述句。常用的词有hardly, seldom, never, little, scarcely, barely, rarely等。（2）其他成分的否定形式有些句子的结构上属于肯定式，但含有否定意义的词，可分以下几种。否定的主语：Nobody will agree with you. 没人同意你的意见。None of the students like the novel. 没有学生喜欢这本小说。No student here studies Russian. 这里没有一个学生学俄语。否定的宾语：We saw nothing in the darkness. 在黑暗中我们什么都看不见。He will borrow the book from nobody. 他从谁那都借不来这本书。You must remember not to be late for class. 你必须记住上课不准迟到。否定的状语：They came here not by bike but on foot. 他不是骑车来的而是走着来的。We could find him nowhere. 我们什么地方也找不到他。（3）不定代词all, both, everyone或everybody用于否定句时，表示部分否定。All the trees here are not apple trees. ( = Not all the trees here are apple trees. )这里的树并非都是苹果树。（有的是苹果树，有的不是。）Both of the sisters are not nurses. ( = Not both of the sisters are nurses.)这姐儿俩并不都是护士。Everybody cant do it. (= Not everybody can do it. )并不是人人都能做这件事。随堂练习一、陈述句和疑问句：1、Theyhappy when they hear the news. AwillBwill beCwereDdont2、 “ Is your uncle a driver?” “.” ANo, but my aunt isBYes, but my anut isCNo, he doesntDYes, he does3、Wesatisfied with their work.AdontBare notCwontDwerent being4、Hecoffee at all. Hetea.Adoesnt like, prefersBlikes, doesnt preferCwould like, not prefersDprefers, is not fond of5、Sheme only twice since last year.AseesBwas seeingChas seenDhave seen二、感叹句、祈使句1、from Beijing to London!AHow long way it isBWhat a long way it isCWhat a long way is itDHow long a way is it2、Oh, John, you gave us!AHow a pleasant