《高考英语阅读技巧》PPT课件.ppt

高考阅读技巧猜测词义,墙角数枝槑，凌寒独自开，遥赞它是雪，只能说你呆。,（梅）,Ifyoucomeacrossnewwordswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?,Ignorethemandcontinuereading,Lookthemupinthedictionary,Guessthemeaning,猜测词义,Guessingmeanings,猜测词义题目类型,判断指代关系,Theunderlinedpart“it”(inPara.2)refersto_.,“polyglot”mostprobablymeans“_.”,对考纲外生词的猜测,Bysaying“thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic”,thewritermeansthebraincanbe_.,对考纲内熟词新义的猜测,对句义的猜测,“cloud”means“_.”,猜测词语意思,(2011佛山一模C)WhensomeoneclickstheAPOLOGYbuttonandthewords“Imsorry”flashonyourscreen,allyouhavetodoisclickbacktheFORGIVENESSbutton.ItmeansthatyouhavewholeheartedlyacceptedtheotherpersonsAPOLOGY.Butnotonlythat.Youalsohavetoclickitwhensomeonehassentyoubackthemessage“Itsokay.Forgetaboutit,”onyourrequestofAPOLOGY.Itmeansthatyouarealsoforgivingyourselfforyourmistake;thatyouwontkeepfeelingsobadhavingcommittedit.38.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4referto?A.TheUNDObutton.B.TheAPOLOGYbutton.C.TheSAVEbutton.D.TheFORGIVENESSbutton.,小结,提问方式：Theunderlinedword“it/that/one/they/them”inthethirdparagraphrefersto_一般说来，that,it,they,them,one等代词的确指内容是在此词的前面，理解上下文(特别是上句)的意思和本句的意思是解题的关键。,如何判断指代关系,常用词义猜测技巧,一、依据针对性解释,二、依据内在逻辑关系,三、根据构词法猜测词义,常用词义猜测技巧,一、依据针对性解释,1、利用定义线索,2、利用解释说明线索,3、利用举例线索,一、依据针对性解释,常用词义猜测技巧,1、利用定义线索,特征：常有be,becalled,mean,referto,bedefinedas等词语来提示。,例1,nrpldiAnthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.Anthropologymeans_.,人类学,例2Desertcanbedefinedasalargeareaoflandwherethereisnotenoughrainandvegetationtosupporthumanlife.Desertrefersto_.,沙漠,一、依据针对性解释,常用词义猜测技巧,2、利用解释说明线索,特征：常有thatis(tosay),inotherwords,namely,or等词语来提示或者利用同位语或定语从句。,例1Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwatertheirfields.Toirrigatemeans_.注：or=mean表示一词语对另一词语的解释关系或为其同义词语,例2Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.Zoologistrefersto_.,动物学家,灌溉,例3simntiksSemantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.Semanticsmeans_.,例4Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.Herdsmanrefersto_.,牧人,语义学,一、依据针对性解释,常用词义猜测技巧,3、利用举例线索,特征：常有forexample,forinstance,suchas,like等词语来提示。,例1,piridiklYoucantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.Periodicalsmeans_.,期刊，杂志,例2silebritiLikepeopleinanycountry,Americansenjoyfollowingthelivesofcelebrities:moviestars,sportsheroes,famousartists,politicians,andthelike.Theword“celebrities”means_.,名人,常用词义猜测技巧,二、依据内在逻辑关系,4、利用对比关系线索,5、利用因果关系线索,6、利用同类关系线索,7、利用一般常识线索,常用词义猜测技巧,4、利用对比关系线索,特征：常有but,however,while,unlike,incontrast,onthecontrary,instead,despite等表示对比或反义的词语来提示。,二、依据内在逻辑关系,例1AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknowHisbrother，incontrast，isquitehumble（谦虚的）andmodestsuperciliousmeans_.,傲慢的，目空一切的,例2ThoughTomsfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Grubbymeans_.,肮脏的,常用词义猜测技巧,5、利用因果关系线索,二、依据内在逻辑关系,特征：常以because,sothat,so/suchthat等词汇及结构来体现。,例1Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministrator（管理人员）becausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothersautocraticmeans_.,独断专行的,例2Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow（浅的）.Turbidmeans_.,浑浊的,常用词义猜测技巧,二、依据内在逻辑关系,6、利用同类关系线索,特征：常有and,or,like,similarly,also等表示词语来提示。,例1DoctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealthTheyalsoregarddrinkingasharmfuldetrimentalmeans_.,有害的，不利的,例2Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighbourallcalledheraneccentriclady.eccentricmeans_.,奇怪的,常用词义猜测技巧,二、依据内在逻辑关系,特征：一般能够根据自己的生活经验及生活常识来判断词义。,7、利用一般常识线索,例1MyparentswentoutandgotanewTV.Thatafternoonanantennawasputontheroof.antennameans_.,天线,例2Thestudentswerejubilantwhentheylearnedthattheirschoolhadplacedfirstinthecompetition.jubilantmean_.,兴高采烈的,常用词义猜测技巧,三、根据构词法猜测词义,8、利用构词法中的词缀法,9、利用构词法中的合成法,10、利用构词法中的转化法,常用词义猜测技巧,三、根据构词法猜测词义,特征：1、利用前缀和后缀构成新的单词2、利用合成两个意义不同的词组合构成新的单词3、利用转变单词的词性构成新的单词,前缀：1.in-,im-,il-,ir-,non-,un-,dis-,mis-常表示否定,如：incorrect,impossible,illegal,irregular,nonstop,unfair，disappear，mislead后缀:1.adj.-ness,如：happiness,illness,selfishness2.V.-ment,如：equipment,entertainment,movement3.V.-tion,如：education,communication,operation4.形容词词性的词缀：-able,-cal,-ish,-ful,-ous,-al,如：comfortable,physical,childish,hopeful,delicious,dangerous,national,例1Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.impassablemeans_.,无法通过的,例2SaintValentinesDayisatimeofhappinessforloversBoysliketogivegirlsflowersaspresentsOnthatday，hecametoseemewithaforget-me-notinhishandforget-me-notmeans_.,勿忘我,例3Todayitshisturntoemptytherubbish.emptymeans_.,倒空,小试身手：,1Archaeologyisthestudyoftheburiedremainsofancienttimes,suchashouses,pots,toolsandweapons.A.地理学B.生态学C.心理学D.考古学2ThoughMr.Smithhasbeengeneralmanagerforjustthreemonths,hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachievementsthanhispredecessors.A.上级B.前任C.同事D.下级3Thefootballgamewasgettingmoreandmoreexciting,however,theoldladywasstillasdozyassheusuallywas.A.昏昏欲睡的B.亢奋的C.欣喜若狂的D.麻木的4.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.A.成功的B.徒劳的C.有效的D.匆促的,D,B,A,B,5.Rememberthatpeopleonlinemaynotbewhotheyseem.Becauseyoucantseeorevenheartheperson.Itwouldbeeasyforsomeonetomisrepresenthimself/herself.Thussomeonewhosaysthatsheisa12-year-oldgirl.couldreallybeanoldman.A.makingawrongjudgementaboutB.understandingsomebodywronglyC.givingawrongdescriptionofD.formingawrongopinionabout,C,6.Beingconsideredaleaderinoursocietyisindeedofhighpraise.Leadershipmeanspower,commandsrespectand,mostimportant,encouragesachievement.UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscantbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.（2005广东B）Theunderlinedword“cultivated”roughlymeans:A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed,D,7Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside，butinsideitwasveryexoticwithfascinatingobjectsondisplay（2006江西B）Whichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtothewordexoticinthethirdparagraph?A.Messyanduntidy.B.RichandexpensiveC.Comfortableandcalming.D.foreignandunusual,D,8（2004的辽宁卷B篇）TakeV8forexample.Formanyyears,thebrightredcoloroftomatoesandcarrotsonthethinbottlemakesyoufeelthatitisverygoodforyourbody.Andtheword“green”todaycankeepfoodpricesgoingup.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatV8isakindof.A.vegetabledishB.healthyjuiceC.iceddrinkD.redvegetable,B,9.TheJetdEautogetherwiththeFlowerWatcharethemainattractionseveryyearforthetouristsvisitingGeneva.TheJetdEauhasbecomethesymbol(象征)ofGenevaforalongtime.Thisisa140metershighwatermonumentwitharichhistory.Eight13,500wattprojectorslightthegrandcolumn(圆柱)ofthefountainintheevening,fromearlyMarchuntilthesecondSundayofOctober.(2004重庆卷A)TheJetdEaurefersto_A.thewaterfountainB.theEnglishGardenC.anewscenewithelectriclightingD.thenameofafamouswatchmaker,A,实战高考,2010广东Whensomethinggoeswrong,itcanbeverysatisfyingtosay,“Well,itsso-and-sosfault.”or“IknowImlate,butitsnotmyfault;thecarbrokedown.”Itisprobablynotyourfault,butonceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation,youarealoser.Youhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation.However,youcanhavegreatpoweroverwhathappenstoyouifyoustopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoremedythesituation.Thisisthewinnerskeytosuccess.,47.Theunderlinedword“remedy”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto.A.avoidB.acceptC.improveD.consider,47.C据上文推测。由上文，你没有能力也不可能“改变the(bad)situation”，然而“你可以remedythesituation”，根据其逻辑关系不难推出，remedy应是“改善”之意。,(2)2009广东Westudiedtheboardcritically.Someofuslookedwithoneeyeandheldupcertaincolorsagainsttheblackboard,rockingthesheetstotherightorleftwhileweconjuredupourdesigns.Otherstwistedtheirhairaroundtheirfingersorchewedtheireraserswhiledeepinthought.,47.Theunderlinedphraseinparagraph3mostprobablymeans.formedanideaforB.madeanoutlineforC.madesomespaceforD.chosesomecolorsfor,47.A据近义推测。上下句是Some.Other.句式，whileweconjuredupourdesigns的对应部分是whiledeepinthought，可见conjuredup是deepinthought的近义表达，意为“思考，想象”，故选A。,(2008广东A)Musicwasnottheonlygulf.Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations,earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappea