专四语法讲解(状语从句).ppt

副词性（状语）从句,AdverbialClause,副词在句中起状语作用，故如果起状语作用的部分为一个句子，那么该句便是副词性从句，也称状语从句。状语从句可细分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、比较、方式等。状语从句的测试重点为：考查对主从句之间逻辑意义关系的把握，看其是否能选择正确的从属连词。,1.让步状语从句AdverbialClauseofConcession,让步状语从句：除了2000，2007，2011年没考，其他年份都考过由下列连接词引导：though,although,evenif/though；as；while；forall(that)(虽然，尽管）;nomatterhow/what/when/where,however,whatever等,eg.WhileIdisapproveofwhatyousay,Iwoulddefendtothedeathyourrighttosayit.虽然我不赞成你所说的话，我还是要拼命维护你这样说的权利。Exhaustedthough/asshewas,therewasnohopeofherbeingabletosleep.Howeverwiseapersonis,hewillmakesomemistakes.,真题讲解,1._thebosssays,itisunreasonabletoaskmetoworkovertimewithoutpay.(09,54)A.WhateverB.WheneverC.WhicheverD.HoweverA2._hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment.(08,55)A.MuchenoughB.MuchasC.AsmuchD.ThoughmuchB,3._dullhemaybe,heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.(06,51)A.AlthoughB.WhateverC.AsD.HoweverD4._,Mr.Wellsisscarcelyinsympathywiththeworkingclass.(05,52)A.AlthoughheisasocialistB.EvenifheisasocialistC.BeingasocialistD.SinceheisasocialistA,5._,Illmarryhimallthesame.(04,52)A.WasherichorpoorB.WhetherrichorpoorC.WereherichorpoorD.BeherichorpoorD6.Whethermybrother_rightorwrong,hewillhavemyunwaveringsupport.(01,62)A.isB.wereC.beD.wouldbeC,7._Ilikeeconomics,Ilikesociologymuchbetter.(03,59)A.AsmuchasB.SomuchC.HowmuchD.MuchasD8.Fool_Janeis,shecouldnothavedonesuchathing.(02,58)A.whoB.asC.thatD.likeB,9._Isympathize,Icantreallydoverymuchtohelpthemoutofthedifficulties.(01,56)A.AslongasB.AsC.WhileD.EvenC10.Fool_Jerryis,hecouldnothavedonesuchathing.(10,55)A.whoB.asC.likeD.thatB,11._heneededmoneyforafewcar,hedecidednottoborrowitfromthebank.(98,48)A.MuchasB.MuchthoughC.AsmuchD.ThoughmuchA12._,healwaystrieshisbesttocompleteitontime.(99,51)A.HoweverthetaskishardB.HoweverhardthetaskisC.ThoughhardthetaskisD.ThoughhardisthetaskB,13.Muchas_,IcouldntlendhimthemoneybecauseIsimplydidnthavethatmuchsparecash.(99,52)A.IwouldhavelikedtoB.IwouldliketohaveC.IshouldhavetolikeD.IshouldhavelikedtoA14._,heisreadytoacceptsuggestionsfromdifferentsources.(97,46)A.InsteadofhiscontributionsB.ForallhisnotablecontributionsC.HismakingnotablecontributionsD.HoweverhisnotablecontributionsB,2.条件状语从句AdverbialClauseofCondition,引导词除if外，还有unless,incase,ifonly.,onlyif.,provided/providing(that),assuming(that),so/aslongas,onconditionthat,suppose/supposing(that),intheeventthat;whetherornot可表示选择条件句。,eg.YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeetingprovidedyoudontmindtakingthenighttrain.Assumingheisdiligentinhisstudiesatordinarytimes,heissuretopassthetest.Intheeventthatshehasnotbeeninformed,Iwilltellher.(如果),Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudontgotoofarfromtheriverbank.(如果)Supposeitrained,wewouldstillgo.(假如)Sayitweretrue,whatwouldyoudoaboutit?(假如),从句的省略。当条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，并且从句谓语含有be时，可以将从句主语和be一起省略。这被称为带连词的无动词状语从句。如：Although(heis)veryyoung,heworksashardasanadult.Thechildisneverpeevishunless(heis)sick.,真题讲解,1.Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,_thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.(05,64)A.onoccasionB.onpurposeC.onconditionD.onlyifC,2.Ifnot_withtherespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsveryill-temperedandgrumblesallthetime.(04,55)A.beingtreatedB.treatedC.betreatedD.havingbeentreatedB,3._bothsidesaccepttheagreement_alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.(04,60)A.Onlyif,willB.Ifonly,wouldC.Should,willD.Unless,wouldA4._thatthedemandforgasolinecontinuestoriseatthecurrentrate,itwillnotbelongbeforeitspricerocketstoaterriblyhighlevel.(04,64)A.AscertainingB.AssumingC.ConcerningD.RegardingB,5.Thisisanillnessthatcanresultintotalblindness_leftuntreated.(00,42)A.afterB.ifC.sinceD.unlessB,3.时间状语从句AdverbialClauseofTime,（1）when,while;after;before;as;assoonas;once;until;whenever等引导的时间状语从句eg.MyhusbandwasdoingwashingathomewhileIwasoutshopping.Theracingcarwentoutofcontrolbeforeithitthebarrier.ThenewregulationdoesnotgointoeffectuntilthefirstofMarch.,（2）Hardly/Scarcely.when;Nosoonerthaneg.Hehadhardlyhadtimetosettledownwhenhesoldthehouseandleftthecountry.Hehadnosoonerreturnedthanheboughtafinehouse.,（3）theminute/moment/day,thefirst/second/lasttime,each/every/nexttimeeg.Newsuppliescamethedayourfuelranout.Themachinestartsthemomentthebuttonispressed.Ourgreatestgloryconsistsnotinneverfalling,butinrisingeverytimewefall.我们最值得骄傲的不在于从不摔跤，而在于每次摔跤后都能站起来。,4)since“自从”，从句用非延续动词，主句完成时态eg.SinceshewenttoNewYork,herfatherhasnotheardfromher.,(5)副词directly,immediately,instantly,now引导时间从句,相当于assoonas。eg.Thepolicemenwentintoactiondirectlytheyheardthealarm.Immediatelyhisintentionsareunderstood,hemayleave.IrecognizedherinstantlyIsawher.,真题举例,1.Thecouplehadnosoonergottothestation_thecoachleft.(09,60)A.whenB.asC.untilD.thanD2.Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch_IvisitedmyfriendsinParislastyear.(08,56)A.whenB.whichC.thatD.whereA,4.原因状语从句AdverbialclauseofCause/Reason,常用引导词since,as,because,inthat,等(1)inthat引导原因从句时,有时翻译成“是因为”、“就在于”。如:Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationinthattheadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.Criticismandself-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsustofindandcorrectourmistakes.,(2)nowthat表示“既然”;seeingthat,considering表示“鉴于”、“考虑到”。如:Nowthatwehaveallthematerialready,weshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce.Hedidpoorlyintheexaminations,consideringhowhardhehadtriedforthem.Seeingthatsheislawfullyoldenoughtogetmarried,Idontthinkyoucanstopher.其他引导原因状语从句的连接词语还有:forthe(simple)reasonthat,byreasonthat,onthegroundsthat等。,真题举例,1.Mendifferfromanimals_theycanthinkandspeak.(08,54)A.forwhichB.forthatC.inthatD.inwhichC2.Barryhadanadvantageoverhismother_hecouldspeakFrench.(2001,59)A.sincethatB.inthatC.atthatD.sothatB,5.方式状语从句AdverbialClauseofManner,主要由as，asif/though,(in)theway(that),(in)thesameway(as),what等引导eg.Everythinghappenedasexpected.Readingistothemindwhat/asexerciseistothebody.Thewayyouarestudyingnow,youwontmakemuchprogress.,真题举例,1.Nineistothreethreeistoone.(08,53)A.whenB.thatC.whichD.whatD【语法点】方式状语从句【详解】这是固定句型，用来指what前后两句话有着相类似的内在联系，即“A对B就如A1对B1”，类似的句子还有：Wateristofishwhatairistomen.此句型中的what也可以用as。,2.Shedidherwork_hermanagerhadinstructed.（2002,41）A.asB.untilC.whenD.thoughA3.Intellectistothemind_sightistothebody.(2001,45)A.whatB.asC.thatD.likeA,6.其他状语从句,结果状语从句（AdverbialCl