初中语法-非谓语动词.ppt

英语语法,非谓语动词,非谓语动词结构图,非谓语动词,DONE,TODO,DOING,核心含义,什么是非谓语动词,1性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用。即：除谓语以外一切成分。,做题五步走,牢记核心,句子成分,定主被动,时间关系,特殊状况,5steps,DOING,1动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。Swimmingisherfavoritesport.Learningisimportanttomodernlife,此处V+ing作为句子的主语,2动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。Theywentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.,3动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。Irememberedsendinghimane-maillastweek.HesuggestedtakingmydaughtertothezoothenextSunday.,1动词-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisnotgoodforyourhealth.,2、为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itsawasteoftimearguingaboutit.,只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词，不能用不定式作宾语。Fancymeetingyouhere!Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.,只能用动词-ing形式的动词,admitadviseallowavoidcanthelpcantstandfeellikeconsiderdelayenjoyfinishgiveupimagineincludekeeponmindmissputoffpermitpracticeresistsuggestrisk,WrapUp：后接doing的常考动词,后接doing的常考词组,真题训练,（2001上海春季）Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_someschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup,既可用V-ing形式也可用不定式作宾语,1.动词后面接动词-ing形式或不定式区别不大。如attempt,continue,hate,intend,like,love,prefer.Theypreferspending/tospendtheirsummervacationinDalian.,不定式与动名词用法辨析,辨析1：trytodo和trydoing,Trytodo尽力做某事Iwilltrytomakeitasuccess.Trydoing尝试着做某事Iwilltrymakingitasuccess.,易混淆题型,（2007上海）ThereisnothingmoreIcantryyoutostay,soIwishyougoodlunch.A.beingpersuadedB.persuadingC.tobepersuadedD.topersuade,辨析2：remember/forget/regret,+tododo未发生Iforgottoposttheletterforyou.+doingDo已发生Iforgotpostingtheletterforyou.,真题演练,（1999上海）Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.Dontyouremember_methestoryyesterday?A.toldB.tellingC.totellD.tohavetold,辨析3：meantodo和meandoing,Meantodo打算做某事Imeanttofinishthistaskbytomorrow.Meandoing意味着Imeantfinishingthistaskbytomorrow.,真题演练,（2000上海春季）Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.Imeant_,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldntfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingso,扩展练习,（2002上海春季）InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_foranotherhour.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting,辨析4：stop/goon,Stop/goon+todoA原来没有做过AShestoppedtowatchTVinthesofa.Stop/goon+doingA原来做的事就是AShestoppedwatchingTVinthesofa.,真题训练,2006上海）Theparentssuggested_inthehotelroombuttheirkidswereanxioustocampoutduringthetrip.A.sleepB.tosleepC.sleepingD.havingslept,Sleep发生在suggest之后,Vocabulary:suggest,核心含义：建议SuggestdoingTheparentssuggestedthatthey(should)sleepinthehotelroom.Itissuggestedthatthey(should)sleepinthehotelroom.Theparentssuggestionwasthatthey(should)sleepinthehotelroom.,Suggestthat+shoulddo,1.于名词前,AdancingcompetitionAdrinkinggameAswimmingpoolAdevelopingcountrythesettingsunthecomingweek,作定语,于短语后,Ahousefacingnorththegirlholdingacupismysister.,作定语,Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt系动词无被动态,1表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.After(since)wehavemadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.Havingarrivedhome,sheistiredandthirsty.,作状语,4表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。Drinkingenoughwater,youwillnotbethirsty.Youwillnotbethirstyifyoudrinkenoughwater.,作状语,ATTENTION,1、要保持主语一致。【误】Lookingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.【正】Lookingoutthroughthewindow,wesawabeautifulgarden.Lookedoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.,作状语,1.Mysister,aninexperiencedrider,wasfoundsittingonthebicycle_tobalanceit.(08上海)A.havingtriedB.tryingC.totryD.tried非谓语动作try与句中谓语befoundsitting是同时发生的关系,4.Eugenesneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.Itsnouse_withhim.(06上海)A.toargueB.arguingC.arguedD.havingargued,5.Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismothersvoice_him.(07上海)A.callingB.calledC.beingcalledD.tocall,后常跟ing形式的词组,Havedifficulty(in)doingsthHavetroubledoingsthSpenddoingHaveagoodtimedoingHavefundoing,TODO,Tobeornottobe,thatisaquestion.Todieforyouismybiggesthonor.,常见不定式作宾语的单词,want,demand,like,hate,hope,begin,seem,fail,help,offer,manage,pretend,forget,remember,promise,prepare,learn,expect,agree,determine,prefer,intend,Ihavealotofthingstodo.Weshouldhavethewilltosolveallthesedifficulties.,作定语,1表示目的Imsavinguptobuyacomputer.有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用inorder(not)todo,和soas(not)todoShecleanedtheroominordertowelcomeherguest.,作状语,_theemployeesworkingefficiency,thesupervisorwillallowthemtohaveacoffeebreak.A.ImprovingB.ToimproveC.HavingimprovedD.Improved,真题训练,（2000上海春季）Heletmerepeathisinstruction_surethatIunderstoodwhatwas_afterhewentaway.A.tomake;tobedoneB.making;doingC.tomake;todoD.making;todo,真题训练,（1999上海）Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?_enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting,真题训练,（2007上海春季）_thesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecitysgassupplysystemthoroughly.A.ToensureB.EnsuringC.HavingEnsuredD.Tohaveensured,表结果,Hegottothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle?,作状语,必备不定式短语,totellyouthetruth说老实话tobeginwith首先sotospeak可以这么说tobesure诚然，固然tobeexact精确地说,todohimjustice说句对他公道的话tomakealongstoryshort长话短说tobefrank坦率地说tobebrief简言之toconclude总而言之,主动表被动的不定式,1、不定式做后置定语Doyouhaveanythingtosayonthisquestion?2、不定式作形容词的宾语Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.3、Therebe结构中Thereisnothingtoworryabout.,补充,省略to的词组,HadbetterWouldratherMightaswellCannotbutCannothelpbutDonothingbutRatherthan,区别：TO的介词短语,beusedto习惯berelatedto与有关getdownto着手做begivento沉溺于putonesmindto全神贯注于giveriseto引起beequalto胜任,TO的介词短语,devoteoneselfto献身于leadto导致beopposedto反对lookforwardto盼望objectto反对stickto坚持payattentionto注意,使用todo的特殊句型,真题演练,（1999上海）Therearefivepairsofshoes_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosen