南在清华大学的演讲.doc

演讲稿 南在清华大学的演讲 secretary-generalkofiannan:thankyou,presidentgu,forthatmostflatteringintroduction.ladiesandgentlemen,itisagreathonourformetospeakatoneofchinasgreatacademicinstitutionsonethatishelpingtoreviveandmaintainyourcountryshistorictraditionofleadingtheworldinscienceandtechnology,andonewhosealumniaretobefoundinpositionsofleadershipthroughoutthecountry.here,asinsomanyotherplacesinchina,novisitorcanhelpfeelingtheexcitementofagreatcountrydevelopingatbreakneckspeed,andeverydayopeningupnewvistasofknowledgeandopportunitytoitscitizens.youcanbereallyproudofyourcountryandwhatithasachievedinthelast25years.asilookoutovertheyoungfacesinthisaudienceicannothelpenvyingtheinternationalstudentsmorethanathousand,iamtold,fromover50countrieswhohavetheprivilegeofsharingyourlearningexperiencehere.itremindsmeforamomentofmyownstudentdays,whenmycountry,ghana,wasnewlyindependent.wefeltweweresuddenlyreachingouttotheworld,andmakingnewdiscoverieseveryday.butthenialsorememberthattimesofrapidchangecanbringpainandconfusion,evendestruction,aswellasprogressandexcitement.themorerapidandexcitingitis,themorechangecallsforcarefulmanagement,andwise,humaneleadership.orderandstabilityhavetobepreserved,butwithoutchokingoffthefreedomtoenquire,andexperiment,andexpressoneself,sinceasyouyoungresearchersknowbetterthananyoneknowledgeandsciencehaveavitalroleinnationaldevelopment.andtechnicalexpertiseneedstobeharnessedtothedevelopmentandsecurityofsocietyasawhole,sothatitnotonlycreatesgreaterwealthforthefew,butenablesallcitizenstofeelsaferandmoreprosperous.thedevelopmentofsuchagreatcountryaschinacannothappeninisolation.itaffectsthewholeworld,anditdrawsyouintonewrelationshipswithotherpartsoftheworld.increasingly,youreconomydependsonexchangeswithothercountriesbothimportsandexports,ofbothgoodsandcapital.foreigninvestmentplaysanessentialroleinyourgrowth,whileyourholdingsofforeigncurrenciesandyourmanagementofyourowncurrencyareingtoplayavitalpartintheinternationalmonetarysystem.thismeansthatyouhaveastakeinthedevelopmentandprosperityofthewiderworld.andyoursecurity,too,dependsoninternationalpeaceandstability.yourgovernmentshowsthatitunderstandsthis,bytherolethatitplaysintheunitednations,andelsewhere.andincreasingly,chinesecitizensarecalledontotakerisks,andmakesacrifices,intheinterestsofglobalsecurity.itwasimpressivetosee,inournewspaperstheotherday,picturesofchinesepolicemeninbluehelmetspreparingtojointheunitednationsmissioninhaitianislandbuffetedbybothhumanandmeteorologicalstorms,whichisliterallyonthefarsideoftheworldfromhere.soiamhere,inpart,toexpresstheworldsgratitude.clearlyyouinchinahaveunderstood,asyoursayinggoes,thatweallsharethesamebreath.humanmiseryknowsnofrontiers,andnorshouldhumansolidarity.indeed,solidaritywasoneofthefundamentalvaluessolemnlyreaffirmed,fouryearsago,bythepoliticalleadersfromallovertheworldwhometatunitednationsheadquarters,andissuedthemillenniumdeclaration.theydeclaredthatglobalchallengesmustbemanagedinawaythatdistributesthecostsandburdensfairlythosewhosufferorwhobenefitleastdeservehelpfromthosewhobenefitmost.theypromisedtosparenoefforttofreemorethanonebillionoftheirfellowmen,womenandchildrenfromextremepoverty,andtomaketherighttodevelopmentarealityforall.andtheysetthemselvesprecisebenchmarksbywhichtheirsuccessinkeepingthesepromisescouldbemeasured,intheyear20xx.thosebenchmarkshaveetobeknownasthemillenniumdevelopmentgoals,ormdgs.firstamongthemisthepledgetoreducebyhalftheproportionofpeopleintheworldlivingonanineoflessthanonedollaraday.othersincludethepledgetohalt,andbegintoreverse,thespreadofhiv/aids;andthepledgetointegratetheprinciplesofsustainabledevelopmentintoeverycountryspoliciesandprogrammes,sothatourchildrenandgrandchildrenwillnotfacethethreatoflivingonaplanetirredeemablyspoiltbyhumanactivities,orwhoseresourcesarenotsufficientfortheirneeds.willtheworldreachthesegoalsby20xx?itdepends,ingreatpart,onchina.yourpopulationissolarge,andyoureconomyisgrowingsorapidly,thatyourimpactonallglobalstatisticsisenormous.itistheoreticallypossiblethatwemightsucceedinhalvingtheproportionofverypoorpeopleintheworldby20xx,simplybecausechinahadsucceededinliftingalmostallitspeopleoutofthatcategory,evenifmostcountriesinafricastillhadthesameproportion.conversely,manycountriesmight,by20xx,havemadegreatstridesinbatinghiv/aids,oradoptingsustainablemodelsofdevelopment.butifchinahadfailedtodothosethings,therewouldstillbeterribleconsequencesforhumanity.however,thatneednotbethepathtaken,eitherinthiscountryorintherestoftheworld.bothforyournationalinterestsandintheinterestoftheworldasawhole,youhaveagreatresponsibilitytolookafteryourpeople,andyournaturalenvironment.butyourresponsibilitydoesnotendthere.theeighthandlastmillenniumdevelopmentgoalisaglobalpartnershipfordevelopment.thismeansthatdevelopingcountriesmustnotbelefttodevelopontheirown.theyneedthehelpofthericherandmorepowerfulcountriesthroughtheremovalofunfairtradebarriersandsubsidisedpetition;throughtheeliminationofthedebtswhichobligesomanypoorcountriestospendmoreonrepayingandservicingtheircreditorsthantheycanonthesocialneedsoftheirownpeople;andthroughmoregenerousofficialdevelopmentaidwhichtherichcountrieshaverepeatedlypromisedtoprovide.inpracticalterms,globalpartnershipmeansthateverycountrywherethereisextremepovertyisentitledtoexpecthelpinforgingandpursuinganationalstrategytoachievethemdgsby20xx.forthepoorestcountries,mostofwhichareinafrica,thiswillbeofdecisiveimportance.withoutit,theywillnotreachthegoals.withit,theyareinwitharealchance.thatplacesabigresponsibilityontherichcountriesanditisonethatchinashares.iknowyouareusedtothinkingofyourcountryasadevelopingone,andsoitisprobablythefastestdevelopingcountrytheworldhaseverseen.butthemoresuccessfullyitdevelops,themoreittoowillbeexpectedtoshowsolidaritywithsmallerandpoorercountriesthatstillneedahelpinghand.bythesametoken,aschinasgeopoliticalweightgrows,sodoesitsshareofresponsibilityforworldsecurity.aswellasglobalsolidarity,themillenniumdeclarationexpressedasharedvisionofcollectivesecurity,rootedintheunitednationscharter.yettheeventsofthepasttwoyearshavecalledthatconsensusinquestion.somehavedoubtedwhetherarticle51ofthecharter,whichreaffirmstheinherentrightofself-defenceifanarmedattackoccursagainstamemberoftheunitednations,untilthesecuritycouncilhastakenmeasuresnecessarytomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity,isstillsufficientinanagewhenanarmedattackmayewithoutwarning,fromaclandestineterroristgroup,perhapsarmedwithweaponsofmassdestruction.theyhavearguedthatforcemustsometimesbeusedpreventively,andthattheymustbefreetodecidewhentheirnationalsecurityrequiresit.othershaverepliedthatthatdoctrineisinitselfagravethreattointernationalpeaceandsecuritysinceitmightimplythatanystatehastherighttouseforcewheneveritseesfit,withoutregardtootherstatesconcerns.andthatispreciselythestateofaffairswhichtheunitednationswascreatedtosavehumanityfrom.indeed,thefirstpurposeoftheunitednations,laiddowninarticle1ofthecharter,istotakeeffectivecollectivemeasuresforthepreventionandremovalofthreatstothepeace.wemustshowthattheunitednationsiscapableoffulfillingthatpurpose,sothatstatesdonotfeelobligedorentitledtotakethelawintotheirownhands.thatiswhy,lastyear,iaskedasmallpanelofdistinguishedmenandwomentomakeremendationsonwaysofdealingwiththreatsandchallengestopeaceandsecurityinthetwenty-firstcentury.iamdelightedthataverywisechinesestatesman,mr.qianqichen,agreedtojointhatpanel,whosereportshouldbereadyinafewweekstime.ihopethatitsremendationswillhelpustorebuildandimproveourglobalsecuritysystem,sothatinfuturenostatefeelsithastofaceglobalthreatsonitsown,andallcanfeelconfidentthatotherswillrespecttherules.inshort,myfriends,thereismuchtobedonetomaketheworldsafeinthisnewcentury,andtogiveallitsinhabitantsarealchanceoflivingprosperousandfulfillinglives.manybolddecisionsneedtobetaken,andtakensoon.ihopethatsomeofthemostimportantmaybetakeninseptembernextyear,whenworldleaderswillagainassembleattheunitednationstoreviewtheprogressmade,ornotmade,sincethemillenniumdeclaration.thiswillbetheworldsbestchanceforabreakthroughtoaddressthejointglobalchallengesofdevelopmentandsecurity.yetthetaskwillbemuchtougherthanfiveyearsaginsteadofsettinggoals,thistimeleadersmustagreeonconcretedecisionstoachievethem.for191nationstoagreeonamonpathforward,manydebateswillbeneededovertheingyear,bothwithincountriesandamongthem.governmentswillhavetoworktogetherandreachpromises,sometimesinvolvingthesacrificeofcherishednationalgoalsorinterests.andtheycandosoonlyiftheirpeoplesunderstandwhatisatstake,andfirmlysupportitchina,withitsremarkableexperienceindevelopmentandexpertiseinsecurity,canmakealeadingcontributiontothisvitalglobalbreakthrough.thatiswhyiamsogladtobeinbeijingtoday,andtohavethechancetospeaknotonlytoyourgovernmentbutalsotoyouhere,inoneofchinasgreatcentresofinnovationandcreativethought.youyoungeducatedpeoplehavesomuchtocontributetodevelopment,andtomeetingtheglobalchallengesthatihavespokenaboutsafeguardingworldpeaceandsecurity,developingfriendlyrelationsamongpeoplesofdifferentfaithorculture,andachievingthemillenniumdevelopmentgoals.youalreadyhaveawell-developednetworkofsolidaritybetweenricherandpoorerregionswithinchina,andiknowmanyofyouwillbeservinginpoorareas,afteryougraduate.ihopesomeofyouwillthinkalsoaboutservinginotherpartsoftheworld,whereyourskillsmaybeevenmoredesperatelyneeded.iurgeyouallandyourcontemporariesthroughoutchinatomityourselvestofindinganswerstoourcenturysgreatchallengesofpoverty,disease,andenvironmentaldegradation.isaytoyou,asihavesaidtostudentsintheunitedstates,andmanyothercountries,gooutandmaketheworldbetter!butihavespokenlongenough.nowitsyourturn.ifyouhavequestions,iwilltrytoanswerthem.butihopeyoumayalsohavements,sothaticanlearnfromyou.thankyouverymuch.顾校长，感谢你充满溢美之词的介绍。女士们、先生们：清华大学是中国声望的学府之一，来到这里演讲使我感到十分荣幸。中国具有世界科技的历史传统，贵校正在努力恢复和保持这一传统，贵校的毕业生遍布全国各地的领导岗位。和在中国其他许多地方一样，凡是来到清华大学参观的人，都不能不对伟大中国突飞猛进的发展，每天给人民带来的新的知识和机会而感到兴奋。各位，你们尽可对自己的国家和国家25年来的成就感到骄傲。看着听众席上一张张年轻的面孔，我不得不对国际学生充满羡慕之情。我听说，来自50多个国家的1000多名学生有幸与大家一起在贵校同窗学习。这使我想起了我自己的求学岁月，当时我的祖国加纳刚刚获得独立。我们突然感到，我们的国家正在走向世界，我们每天都有新的发现。但是，我也记得迅速变化的年代带来的不仅是进步和兴奋，它同样能带来痛苦和困惑，甚至是破坏。变化越是迅速、越是令人兴奋，就越需要谨慎把握，需要明智和以人为本的领导。我们必须找出办法保护贫穷和弱势群体的利益不受侵犯，朝气蓬勃的年轻一代不被剥夺变化带来的各种机会。我们必须维护秩序和稳定，但也不应扼杀探索、试验和表达意见的自由。作为年轻的学者，你们比任何人都更清楚地知道，在国家的发展中，知识和科学有着举足轻重的作用。应该把科技专门知识用于全社会的发展和保障，既要为少数人带来更大的财富，又要使全体公民感到更加安全，更加富裕。中国是一个伟大的国家，中国的发展不可能在孤立中实现。中国的发展对全世界产生了影响，而发展又把中国带入了与世界其他地区建立的新型关系。就商品和资金的进出口而言，中国经济对与其他国家交流的依赖程度越来越大。外国投资对于中国经济的增长发挥着根本的作用，而中国的外汇储备以及贵国对本国货币的管理，将在国际货币体系中发挥重要的作用。这就是说，全世界的发展与繁荣对中国利害攸关。中国的安全也离不开国际的和平和稳定。中国政府通过在联合国以及其他场所发挥的作用表明，中国认识到了这一点。中国公民越来越多地被要求为全球安全的利益承担风险，作出牺牲。前几天我们看到，我们的报纸上刊登了中国警察头戴蓝盔，准备奔赴海地参加联合国特派团工作的照片，这给我们留下了深刻的印象。天灾人祸不断的岛国海地，的确与中国远隔重洋。因此，今天我来到贵校也是为了表达全世界对中国的感激之情。中国人民显然理解，正如。中国谚语所说，应该“同呼吸共命运”。我们还可以再加一句：在全球化的年代里，一个人的呼吸，足以使世界另一半球的人打喷嚏。人类的苦难没有国界，人类的团结也应同样不分国界。的确，四年前世界各国领导人在联合国总部对团结的根本价值作出了庄严承诺，并发表了千年宣言。他们宣布，“必须以公平承担有关代价和负担的方式处理各种全球挑战遭受不利影响或得益最少的人有权得到得益最多者的帮助。”他们承诺“竭尽全力”，使世界上为数十亿的男子、妇女和儿童摆脱赤贫，并使发展权成为所有人民的现实。他们制订了精确的标准，用以衡量到20xx年履行承诺的成就。人们把这些标准称作千年发展目标。千年发展目标中的第一条，就是把世界上每天收入不足一美元的人口减少一半。其他目标还有：制止并开始扭转艾滋病毒/艾滋病的蔓延：把可持续发展原则纳入各国的政策和计划，以使我们的子孙后代不会面临居住的地球因遭到人类活动破坏而无法补救、或资源无法满足人类需要的威胁。那么，到20xx年全世界是么能够实现这些目标？这在很大程度上取决于中国。中国是一个人口众多、经济迅速发展的国家，中国对全球所有统计数字都有着巨大的影响。即使非洲许多国家的问题依然如旧，但在理论上只要中国基本消除了最贫困人口，到20xx年我们就能实现把全世界这类人口减少一半的目标。相反，到20xx年也许许多国家可能在防治艾滋病毒艾滋病、或在采取可持续发展模式方面取得了巨大的进展。但是，如果中国未能采取同样的行动，那么这仍将会给整个人类带来可怕的后果。然而，中国和世界其他国家都可以不走这样的道路。为了中国的利益，也为了全世界的利益，你们应该承担起改善本国人民生活、保护本国自然环境的重大责任。但是，你们的责任并非而已。千年发展目标的第八项也是最后一项是全球合作促进发展。这就意味着不能抛开发展中国家不管，任其自己发展。发展中国家需要较为富裕、较为强大的国家给予帮助，这就需要消除不公平的贸易壁垒，消除补贴式竞争；需要免除债务，许多贫穷国家为了向债主偿还债务，所费开支远远超出了这些国家为满足本国人民的社会需求所作的开支：还需要更为慷慨的官方发展援助，许多富裕国家曾屡作承诺，提供这种援助。具体说来，全球伙伴关系意味着每一个存在赤贫的国家都有权利期望获得帮助，以拟定并执行到20xx年实现千年发展目标的国家战略。这一点对于大多数位处非洲的最贫穷的国家来说，具有至关重要的意义。如果没有这种帮助，这些国家就不能实现千年发展目标。如果能够得到这种帮助，这些国家就真正有机会实现这些目标。这就使富裕国家担负起一个重大责任，对此，中国也责无旁贷。我知道，你们习惯将自己的国家作为一个发展中国家来看待，中国也的确是一个发展中国家，也许是世界上前所未有的发展速度最快的囚家。不过，中国发展越成功，人们也就越期待中国能够对那些仍然需要援助之手的小国、穷国表现出同舟共济的精神。同样，随着中国在地缘政治方面地位不断提高，她在世界安全方面也应分担更大的责任。千年宣言体现了全球团结的精神，也表达了集体安全这一植根于联合国宪章的共同理想。然而，过去两年来发生的各种事件使人们对这一共识产生了疑虑。宪章第八十一条重申“联合国会员国受武力攻击时，在安全理事会采取必要办法，以维持国际和平及安全以前，行使自卫之自然权利”。而在