名人演讲：国会大厦告别演讲.doc

演讲稿 名人演讲：国会大厦告别演讲 道格拉斯麦克阿瑟(douglasmacarthur)，美国陆军五星上将。出生于阿肯色州小石城的军人世家。1899年中学毕业后考入西点军校，1903年以名列第一的优异成绩毕业，到工程兵部队任职，并赴菲律宾执勤。麦克阿瑟有过50年的军事实践经验，被美国国民称之为“一代老兵”，而其自身的又曾是“美国最年轻的准将、西点军校最年轻的校长、美国陆军历最年轻的陆军参谋长”，凭借精妙的军事谋略和敢战敢胜的胆略，麦克阿瑟堪称美国战争的奇才。提起这句话：“老兵永远不死，只会慢慢凋零”（oldsoldiersneverdie,theyjustfadeaway），就不由得想起那个叼着玉米棒子烟斗的麦克阿瑟，和他在1951年4月19日被解职后在国会大厦发表的题为老兵不死演讲。我即将结束五十二年的军旅生涯。我从军是在本世纪开始之前，而这是我童年的希望与梦想的实现。自从我在西点军校的教练场上宣誓以来，这个世界已经过多次变化，而我的希望与梦想早已消逝，但我仍记着当时最流行的一首军歌词，极为自豪地宣示“老兵永远不死，只会慢慢凋零”。 iamclosingmy52yearsofmilitaryservice.whenijoinedthearmy,evenbeforetheturnofthecentury,itwasthefulfillmentofallofmyboyishhopesanddreams.theworldhasturnedovermanytimessinceitooktheoathontheplainatwestpoint,andthehopesanddreamshavelongsincevanished,butistillremembertherefrainofoneofthemostpopularbarrackballadsofthatdaywhichproclaimedmostproudlythatoldsoldiersneverdie;theyjustfadeaway.就像这首歌中的老兵，一位想尽一已之责的老兵，而上帝也赐予光辉使他能看清这一项责任，而我现在结束了军旅生涯，而逐渐凋谢。 andliketheoldsoldierofthatballad,inowclosemymilitarycareerandjustfadeaway,anoldsoldierwhotriedtodohisdutyasgodgavehimthelighttoseethatduty. 演讲全文：macarthur:farewelladdresstocongressmr.president,mr.speaker,anddistinguishedmembersofthecongress:istandonthisrostrumwithasenseofdeephumilityandgreatpride-humilityintheweightofthosegreatamericanarchitectsofourhistorywhohavestoodherebeforeme;prideinthereflectionthatthishomeoflegislativedebaterepresentshumanlibertyinthepurestformyetdevised.herearecenteredthehopesandaspirationsandfaithoftheentirehumanrace.idonotstandhereasadvocateforanypartisancause,fortheissuesarefundamentalandreachquitebeyondtherealmofpartisanconsideration.theymustberesolvedonthehighestplaneofnationalinterestifourcourseistoprovesoundandourfutureprotected.itrust,therefore,thatyouwilldomethejusticeofreceivingthatwhichihavetosayassolelyexpressingtheconsideredviewpointofafellowamerican.iaddressyouwithneitherrancornorbitternessinthefadingtwilightoflife,withbutonepurposeinmind:toservemycountry.theissuesareglobalandsointerlockedthattoconsidertheproblemsofonesector,oblivioustothoseofanother,isbuttocourtdisasterforthewhole.whileasiaismonlyreferredtoasthegatewaytoeurope,itisnolesstruethateuropeisthegatewaytoasia,andthebroadinfluenceoftheonecannotfailtohaveitsimpactupontheother.therearethosewhoclaimourstrengthisinadequatetoprotectonbothfronts,thatwecannotdivideoureffort.icanthinkofnogreaterexpressionofdefeatism.ifapotentialenemycandividehisstrengthontwofronts,itisforustocounterhiseffort.thecommunistthreatisaglobalone.itssuccessfuladvanceinonesectorthreatensthedestructionofeveryothersector.youcannotappeaseorotherwisesurrendertomunisminasiawithoutsimultaneouslyunderminingoureffortstohaltitsadvanceineurope.beyondpointingoutthesegeneraltruisms,ishallconfinemydiscussiontothegeneralareasofasia.beforeonemayobjectivelyassessthesituationnowexistingthere,hemustprehendsomethingofasiaspastandtherevolutionarychangeswhichhavemarkedhercourseuptothepresent.longexploitedbytheso-calledcolonialpowers,withlittleopportunitytoachieveanydegreeofsocialjustice,individualdignity,orahigherstandardoflifesuchasguidedourownnobleadministrationinthephilippines,thepeoplesofasiafoundtheiropportunityinthewarjustpasttothrowofftheshacklesofcolonialismandnowseethedawnofnewopportunity,aheretoforeunfeltdignity,andtheself-respectofpoliticalfreedom.musteringhalfoftheearthspopulation,and60percentofitsnaturalresourcesthesepeoplesarerapidlyconsolidatinganewforce,bothmoralandmaterial,withwhichtoraisethelivingstandardanderectadaptationsofthedesignofmodernprogresstotheirowndistinctculturalenvironments.whetheroneadherestotheconceptofcolonizationornot,thisisthedirectionofasianprogressanditmaynotbestopped.itisacorollarytotheshiftoftheworldeconomicfrontiersasthewholeepicenterofworldaffairsrotatesbacktowardtheareawhenceitstarted.inthissituation,itbeesvitalthatourowncountryorientitspoliciesinconsonancewiththisbasicevolutionaryconditionratherthanpursueacourseblindtotherealitythatthecolonialeraisnowpastandtheasianpeoplescovettherighttoshapetheirownfreedestiny.whattheyseeknowisfriendlyguidance,understanding,andsupport-notimperiousdirection-thedignityofequalityandnottheshameofsubjugation.theirpre-warstandardoflife,pitifullylow,isinfinitelylowernowinthedevastationleftinwarswake.worldideologiesplaylittlepartinasianthinkingandarelittleunderstood.whatthepeoplesstriveforistheopportunityforalittlemorefoodintheirstomachs,alittlebetterclothingontheirbacks,alittlefirmerroofovertheirheads,andtherealizationofthenormalnationalisturgeforpoliticalfreedom.thesepolitical-socialconditionshavebutanindirectbearinguponourownnationalsecurity,butdoformabackdroptocontemporaryplanningwhichmustbethoughtfullyconsideredifwearetoavoidthepitfallsofunrealism.ofmoredirectandimmediatelybearinguponournationalsecurityarethechangeswroughtinthestrategicpotentialofthepacificoceaninthecourseofthepastwar.priortheretothewesternstrategicfrontieroftheunitedstateslayontheliterallineoftheamericas,withanexposedislandsalientextendingoutthroughhawaii,midway,andguamtothephilippines.thatsalientprovednotanoutpostofstrengthbutanavenueofweaknessalongwhichtheenemycouldanddidattack.thepacificwasapotentialareaofadvanceforanypredatoryforceintentuponstrikingattheborderinglandareas.allthiswaschangedbyourpacificvictory.ourstrategicfrontierthenshiftedtoembracetheentirepacificocean,whichbecameavastmoattoprotectusaslongasweheldit.indeed,itactsasaprotectiveshieldforalloftheamericasandallfreelandsofthepacificoceanarea.wecontrolittotheshoresofasiabyachainofislandsextendinginanarcfromthealeutianstothemariannasheldbyusandourfreeallies.fromthisislandchainwecandominatewithseaandairpowereveryasiaticportfromvladivostoktosingapore-withseaandairpowereveryport,asisaid,fromvladivostoktosingapore-andpreventanyhostilemovementintothepacific.anypredatoryattackfromasiamustbeanamphibiouseffort.*noamphibiousforcecanbesuccessfulwithoutcontrolofthesealanesandtheairoverthoselanesinitsavenueofadvance.withnavalandairsupremacyandmodestgroundelementstodefendbases,anymajorattackfromcontinentalasiatowardusorourfriendsinthepacificwouldbedoomedtofailure.undersuchconditions,thepacificnolongerrepresentsmenacingavenuesofapproachforaprospectiveinvader.itassumes,instead,thefriendlyaspectofapeacefullake.ourlineofdefenseisanaturaloneandcanbemaintainedwithaminimumofmilitaryeffortandexpense.itenvisionsnoattackagainstanyone,nordoesitprovidethebastionsessentialforoffensiveoperations,butproperlymaintained,wouldbeaninvincibledefenseagainstaggression.theholdingofthisliteraldefenselineinthewesternpacificisentirelydependentuponholdingallsegmentsthereof;foranymajorbreachofthatlinebyanunfriendlypowerwouldrendervulnerabletodeterminedattackeveryothermajorsegment.thisisamilitaryestimateastowhichihaveyettofindamilitaryleaderwhowilltakeexception.forthatreason,ihavestronglyremendedinthepast,asamatterofmilitaryurgency,thatundernocircumstancesmustformosafallundercommunistcontrol.suchaneventualitywouldatoncethreatenthefreedomofthephilippinesandthelossofjapanandmightwellforceourwesternfrontierbacktothecoastofcalifornia,oregonandwashington.tounderstandthechangeswhichnowappearuponthechinesemainland,onemustunderstandthechangesinchinesecharacterandcultureoverthepast50years.china,upto50yearsago,waspletelynon-homogenous,beingpartmentedintogroupsdividedagainsteachother.thewar-makingtendencywasalmostnon-existent,astheystillfollowedthetenetsoftheconfucianidealofpacifistculture.attheturnofthecentury,undertheregimeofchangtsolin,effortstowardgreaterhomogeneityproducedthestartofanationalisturge.thiswasfurtherandmoresuccessfullydevelopedundertheleadershipofchiangkai-shek,buthasbeenbroughttoitsgreatestfruitionunderthepresentregimetothepointthatithasnowtakenonthecharacterofaunitednationalismofincreasinglydominant,aggressivetendencies.throughthesepast50yearsthechinesepeoplehavethusbeemilitarizedintheirconceptsandintheirideals.theynowconstituteexcellentsoldiers,withpetentstaffsandmanders.thishasproducedanewanddominantpowerinasia,which,foritsownpurposes,isalliedwithsovietrussiabutwhichinitsownconceptsandmethodshasbeeaggressivelyimperialistic,withalustforexpansionandincreasedpowernormaltothistypeofimperialism.thereislittleoftheideologicalconcepteitheronewayoranotherinthechinesemake-up.thestandardoflivingissolowandthecapitalaccumulationhasbeensothoroughlydissipatedbywarthatthemassesaredesperateandeagertofollowanyleadershipwhichseemstopromisethealleviationoflocalstringencies.ihavefromthebeginningbelievedthatthechinesecommunistssupportofthenorthkoreanswasthedominantone.theirinterestsare,atpresent,parallelwiththoseofthesoviet.butibelievethattheaggressivenessrecentlydisplayednotonlyinkoreabutalsoinindo-chinaandtibetandpointingpotentiallytowardthesouthreflectspredominantlythesamelustfortheexpansionofpowerwhichhasanimatedeverywould-beconquerorsincethebeginningoftime.thejapanesepeople,sincethewar,haveundergonethegreatestreformationrecordedinmodernhistory.withamendablewill,eagernesstolearn,andmarkedcapacitytounderstand,theyhave,fromtheashesleftinwarswake,erectedinjapananedificededicatedtothesupremacyofindividuallibertyandpersonaldignity;andintheensuingprocesstherehasbeencreatedatrulyrepresentativegovernmentmittedtotheadvanceofpoliticalmorality,freedomofeconomicenterprise,andsocialjustice.politically,economically,andsociallyjapanisnowabreastofmanyfreenationsoftheearthandwillnotagainfailtheuniversaltrust.thatitmaybecountedupontowieldaprofoundlybeneficialinfluenceoverthecourseofeventsinasiaisattestedbythemagnificentmannerinwhichthejapanesepeoplehavemettherecentchallengeofwar,unrest,andconfusionsurroundingthemfromtheoutsideandcheckedmunismwithintheirownfrontierswithouttheslightestslackeningintheirforwardprogress.isentallfourofouroccupationdivisionstothekoreanbattlefrontwithouttheslightestqualmsastotheeffectoftheresultingpowervacuumuponjapan.theresultsfullyjustifiedmyfaith.iknowofnonationmoreserene,orderly,andindustrious,norinwhichhigherhopescanbeentertainedforfutureconstructiveserviceintheadvanceofthehumanrace.ofourformerward,thephilippines,wecanlookforwardinconfidencethattheexistingunrestwillbecorrectedandastrongandhealthynationwillgrowinthelongeraftermathofwarsterribledestructiveness.wemustbepatientandunderstandingandneverfailthem-asinourhourofneed,theydidnotfailus.achristiannation,thephilippinesstandasamightybulwarkofchristianityinthefareast,anditscapacityforhighmoralleadershipinasiaisunlimited.onformosa,thegovernmentoftherepublicofchinahashadtheopportunitytorefutebyactionmuchofthemaliciousgossipwhichsounderminedthestrengthofitsleadershiponthechinesemainland.theformosanpeoplearereceivingajustandenlightenedadministrationwithmajorityrepresentationontheorgansofgovernment,andpolitically,economically,andsociallytheyappeartobeadvancingalongsoundandconstructivelines.withthisbriefinsightintothesurroundingareas,inowturntothekoreanconflict.whileiwasnotconsultedpriortothepresidentsdecisiontointerveneinsupportoftherepublicofkorea,thatdecisionfromamilitarystandpoint,provedasoundone,aswehurledbacktheinvaderanddecimatedhisforces.ourvictorywasplete,andourobjectiveswithinreach,whenredchinaintervenedwithnumericallysuperiorgroundforces.thiscreatedanewwarandanentirelynewsituation,asituationnotcontemplatedwhenourforcesweremittedagainstthenorthkoreaninvaders;asituationwhichcalledfornewdecisionsinthediplomaticspheretopermittherealisticadjustmentofmilitarystrategy.suchdecisionshavenotbeenforthing.whilenomaninhisrightmindwouldadvocatesendingourgroundforcesintocontinentalchina,andsuchwasnevergivenathought,thenewsituationdidurgentlydemandadrasticrevisionofstrategicplanningifourpoliticalaimwastodefeatthisnewenemyaswehaddefeatedtheold.apartfromthemilitaryneed,asisawit,toneutralizethesanctuaryprotectiongiventheenemynorthoftheyalu,ifeltthatmilitarynecessityintheconductofthewarmadenecessary:firsttheintensificationofoureconomicblockadeagainstchina;twotheimpositionofanavalblockadeagainstthechinacoast;threeremovalofrestrictionsonairreconnaissanceofchinascoastalareasandofmanchuria;fourremovalofrestrictionsontheforcesoftherepublicofchinaonformosa,withlogisticalsupporttocontributetotheireffectiveoperationsagainstthemonenemy.forentertainingtheseviews,allprofessionallydesignedtosupportourforcesmittedtokoreaandbringhostilitiestoanendwiththeleastpossibledelayandatasavingofcountlessamericanandalliedlives,ihavebeenseverelycriticizedinlaycircles,principallyabroad,despitemyunderstandingthatfromamilitarystandpointtheaboveviewshavebeenfullysharedinthepastbypracticallyeverymilitaryleaderconcernedwiththekoreancampaign,includingourownjointchiefsofstaff.icalledforreinforcementsbutwasinformedthatreinforcementswerenotavailable.imadeclearthatifnotpermittedtodestroytheenemybuilt-upbasesnorthoftheyalu,ifnotpermittedtoutilizethefriendlychineseforceofsome600,000menonformosa,ifnotpermittedtoblockadethechinacoasttopreventthechineseredsfromgettingsuccorfromwithout,andifthereweretobenohopeofmajorreinforcements,thepositionofthemandfromthemilitarystandpointforbadevictory.wecouldholdinkoreabyconstantmaneuverandinanapproximateareawhereoursupplylineadvantageswereinbalancewiththesupplylinedisadvantagesoftheenemy,butwecouldhopeatbestforonlyanindecisivecampaignwithitsterribleandconstantattritionuponourforcesiftheenemyutilizeditsfullmilitarypotential.ihaveconstantlycalledforthenewpoliticaldecisionsessentialtoasolution.effortshavebeenmadetodistortmyposition.ithasbeensaid,ineffect,thatiwasawarmonger.nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.iknowwarasfewothermennowlivingknowit,andnothingtomeismorerevolting.ihavelongadvocateditspleteabolition,asitsverydestructivenessonbothfriendandfoehasrenderedituselessasameansofsettlinginternationaldisputes.indeed,ontheseconddayofseptember,nineteenhundredandforty-five,justfollowingthesurrenderofthejapanesenationonthebattleshipmissouri,iformallycautionedasfollows:mensincethebeginningoftimehave soughtpeace.variousmethodsthroughthe ageshavebeenattemptedtodevisean internationalprocesstopreventorsettle disputesbetweennations.fromthevery startworkablemethodswerefoundinso farasindividualcitizenswereconcerned, butthemechanicsofaninstrumentalityof largerinternationalscopehavenever beensuccessful.militaryalliances, balancesofpower,leaguesofnations, allinturnfailed,leavingtheonlypathto bebywayofthecrucibleofwar.the utterdestructivenessofwarnowblocks outthisalternative.wehavehadourlast chance.ifwewillnotdevisesome greaterandmoreequitablesystem, armageddonwillbeatourdoor.the problembasicallyistheologicaland involvesaspiritualrecrudescenceand improvementofhumancharacterthatwill synchronizewithouralmostmatchless advancesinscience,art,literature,andall materialandculturaldevelopmentsof thepast2000years.itmustbeofthespirit ifwearetosavetheflesh.butoncewarisforceduponus,thereisnootheralternativethantoapplyeveryavailablemeanstobringittoaswiftend.warsveryobjectisvictory,notprolongedindecision.inwarthereisnosubstituteforvictory.therearesomewho,forvaryingreasons,wouldappeaseredchina.theyareblindtohistorysclearlesson,forhistoryteacheswithunmistakableemphasisthatappeasementbutbegetsnewandbloodierwar.itpointstonosingleinstancewherethisendhasjustifiedthatmeans,whereappeasementhasledtomorethanashampeace.likeblackmail,itlaysthebasisfornewandsuccessivelygreaterdemandsuntil,asinblackmail,violencebeestheonlyotheralternative.why,mysoldiersaskedofme,surrendermilitaryadvantagestoanenemyinthefield?icouldnotanswer.somemaysay:toavoidspreadoftheconflictintoanall-outwarwithchina;others,toavoidsovie