名人演讲：A Tale of Two Cities.doc

演讲稿 名人演讲：a tale of two cities mariocuomo:ataleoftwocitiesonbehalfoftheempirestateandthefamilyofnewyork,ithankyouforthegreatprivilegeofbeingabletoaddressthisconvention.pleaseallowmetoskipthestoriesandthepoetryandthetemptationtodealinnicebutvaguerhetoric.letmeinsteadusethisvaluableopportunitytodealimmediatelywithquestionsthatshoulddeterminethiselectionandthatweallknowarevitaltotheamericanpeople.tendaysago,presidentreaganadmittedthatalthoughsomepeopleinthiscountryseemedtobedoingwellnowadays,otherswereunhappy,evenworried,aboutthemselves,theirfamiliesandtheirfutures.thepresidentsaidthathedidntunderstandthatfear.hesaid,why,thiscountryisashiningcityonahill.andthepresidentisright.inmanywaysweareashiningcityonahill.butthehardtruthisthatnoteveryoneissharinginthiscityssplendorandglory.ashiningcityisperhapsallthepresidentseesfromtheporticoofthewhitehouseandtheverandaofhisranch,whereeveryoneseemstobedoingwell.buttheresanothercity;theresanotherparttotheshiningthecity;thepartwheresomepeoplecantpaytheirmortgages,andmostyoungpeoplecantaffordone,wherestudentscantaffordtheeducationtheyneed,andmiddle-classparentswatchthedreamstheyholdfortheirchildrenevaporate.inthispartofthecitytherearemorepoorthanever,morefamiliesintrouble,moreandmorepeoplewhoneedhelpbutcantfindit.evenworse:thereareelderlypeoplewhotrembleinthebasementsofthehousesthere.andtherearepeoplewhosleepinthecitystreets,inthegutter,wheretheglitterdoesntshow.thereareghettoswherethousandsofyoungpeople,withoutajoboraneducation,givetheirlivesawaytodrugdealerseveryday.thereisdespair,mr.president,inthefacesthatyoudontsee,intheplacesthatyoudontvisitinyourshiningcity.infact,mr.president,thisisanation-.mr.presidentyououghttoknowthatthisnationismoreataleoftwocitiesthanitisjustashiningcityonahill.maybe,maybe,mr.president,ifyouvisitedsomemoreplaces.maybeifyouwenttoappalachiawheresomepeoplestillliveinsheds,maybeifyouwenttolackawannawherethousandsofunemployedsteelworkerswonderwhywesubsidizedforeignsteel.maybe,maybe,mr.president,ifyoustoppedinatashelterinchicagoandspoketothehomelessthere;maybe,mr.president,ifyouaskedawomanwhohadbeendeniedthehelpsheneededtofeedherchildrenbecauseyousaidyouneededthemoneyforataxbreakforamillionaireorforamissilewecouldntaffordtouse.maybe,maybe,mr.president.butimafraidnot.because,thetruthis,ladiesandgentlemen,thatthisishowwewerewarneditwouldbe.presidentreagantoldusfromverythebeginningthathebelievedinakindofsocialdarwinism.survivalofthefittest.governmentcantdoeverything,weweretold.soitshouldsettlefortakingcareofthestrongandhopethateconomicambitionandcharitywilldotherest.maketherichricher-andwhatfallsfromtheirtablewillbeenoughforthemiddleclassandthosewhoaretryingdesperatelytoworktheirwayintothemiddleclass.youknow,therepublicanscalledittrickle-downwhenhoovertriedit.nowtheycallitsupplyside.butitsthesameshiningcityforthoserelativefewwhoareluckyenoughtoliveinitsgoodneighborhoods.butforthepeoplewhoareexcluded-forthepeoplewhoarelockedout-alltheycandoistostarefromadistanceatthatcitysglimmeringtowers.itsanoldstory.itsasoldasourhistory.thedifferencebetweendemocratsandrepublicanshasalwaysbeenmeasuredincourageandconfidence.therepublicansbelievethatthewagontrainwillnotmakeittothefrontierunlesssomeoftheold,someoftheyoung,someoftheweakareleftbehindbythesideofthetrail.thestrong,thestrongtheytelluswillinherittheland.wedemocratsbelieveinsomethingelse.wedemocratsbelievethatwecanmakeitallthewaywiththewholefamilyintact.and,wehavemorethanonce.eversincefranklinrooseveltliftedhimselffromhiswheelchairtoliftthisnationfromitsknees-wagontrainafterwagontrain-tonewfrontiersofeducation,housing,peace;thewholefamilyaboard,constantlyreachingouttoextendandenlargethatfamily;liftingthemupintothewagonontheway;blacksandhispanics,andpeopleofeveryethnicgroup,andnativeamericans-allthosestrugglingtobuildtheirfamiliesandclaimsomesmallshareofamerica.fornearly50yearswecarriedthemalltonewlevelsoffort,andsecurity,anddignity,evenaffluence.andrememberthis,someofusinthisroomtodayarehereonlybecausethisnationhadthatkindofconfidence.anditwouldbewrongtoforgetthat.so,hereweareatthisconventiontoremindourselveswhereweefromandtoclaimthefutureforourselvesandforourchildren.todayourgreatdemocraticparty,whichhassavedthisnationfromdepression,fromfascism,fromracism,fromcorruption,iscalledupontodoitagain-thistimetosavethenationfromconfusionanddivision,fromthethreatofeventualfiscaldisaster,andmostofallfromthefearofanuclearholocaust.thatsnotgoingtobeeasy.moudallisexactlyright,itsnotgoingtobeeasy.inordertosucceed,wemustanswerouropponentspolishedandappealingrhetoricwithamoretellingreasonablenessandrationality.wemustwinthiscaseonthemerits.wemustgettheamericanpublictolookpasttheglitter,beyondtheshowmanship-toreality,tothehardsubstanceofthings.andwewilldothatnotsomuchwithspeechesthatsoundgoodaswithspeechesthataregoodandsound.notsomuchwithspeechesthatwillbringpeopletotheirfeetaswithspeechesthatbringpeopletotheirsenses.wemustmaketheamericanpeoplehearourtaleoftwocities.wemustconvincethemthatwedonthavetosettlefortwocities,thatwecanhaveonecity,indivisible,shiningforallofitspeople.nowwewillhavenochancetodothatifwhatesoutofthisconventionisababelofarguingvoices.ifthatswhatsheardthroughoutthecampaign-dissidentvoicesfromallsides-wewillhavenochancetotellourmessage.tosucceedwewillhavetosurrendersmallpartsofourindividualinterests,tobuildaplatformwecanallstandon,atonce,fortably-proudlysingingoutthetruthforthenationtohear,inchorus,itslogicsoclearandmandingthatnoslickmercial,noamountofgeniality,nomartialmusicwillbeabletomufflethesoundofthetruth.wedemocratsmustunite.wedemocratsmustunitesothattheentirenationcanunitebecausesurelytherepublicanswontbringthiscountrytogether.theirpoliciesdividethenation-intotheluckyandtheleft-out,intotheroyaltyandtherabble.therepublicansarewillingtotreatthatdivisionasvictory.theywouldcutthisnationinhalf,intothosetemporarilybetteroffandthoseworseoffthanbefore,andtheywouldcallthatdivisionrecovery.weshouldnot,weshouldnotbeembarrassedordismayedorchagrinediftheprocessofunifyingisdifficult,evenwrenchingattimes.rememberthat,unlikeanyotherparty,weembracemenandwomenofeverycolor,everycreed,everyorientation,everyeconomicclass.inourfamilyaregatheredeveryonefromtheabjectpoorofessexcountyinnewyork,totheenlightenedaffluentofthegoldcoastsatbothendsofthenation.andinbetweenistheheartofourconstituency.themiddleclass-thepeoplenotrichenoughtobeworry-free,butnotpoorenoughtobeonwelfare.themiddleclass,thosepeoplewhoworkforalivingbecausetheyhaveto,notbecausesomepsychiatristtoldthemitwasaconvenientwaytofilltheintervalbetweenbirthandeternity.whitecollarandbluecollar.youngprofessionals.menandwomeninsmallbusinessdesperateforthecapitalandcontractsthattheyneedtoprovetheirworth.wespeakfortheminoritieswhohavenotyetenteredthemainstream.wespeakforethnicswhowanttoaddtheirculturetothemagnificentmosaicthatisamerica.wespeak,wespeakforwomenwhoareindignantthatthisnationrefusestoetchintoitsgovernmentalmandmentsthesimplerulethoushaltnotsinagainstequality,arulesosimple-iwasgoingtosay,andiperhapsdarenotbutiwill,itsamandmentsosimpleitcanbespelledinthreeletters-e.r.a.!wespeakforyoungpeopledemandinganeducationandafuture.wespeakforseniorcitizenswhoareterrorizedbytheideathattheironlysecurity-theirsocialsecurity-isbeingthreatened.wespeakformillionsofreasoningpeoplefightingtopreserveourenvironmentfromgreedandfromstupidity.andwespeakforreasonablepeoplewhoarefightingtopreserveourveryexistencefromamachointransigencethatrefusestomakeintelligentattemptstodiscussthepossibilityofnuclearholocaustwithourenemy.theyrefuse.theyrefuse,becausetheybelievewecanpilemissilessohighthattheywillpiercethecloudsandthesightofthemwillfrightenourenemiesintosubmission.nowwereproudofthisdiversityasdemocrats.weregratefulforit.wedonthavetomanufactureitthewaytherepublicanswillnextmonthindallas,byproppingupmannequindelegatesontheconventionfloor.butwhilewereproudofthisdiversityasdemocrats,wepayapriceforit.thedifferentpeoplethatwerepresenthavedifferentpointsofview.andsometimestheypeteandevendebate,andevenargue.thatswhatourprimarieswereallabout.butnowtheprimariesareoveranditistimewhenwepickourcandidatesandourplatformheretolockarmsandmoveintothiscampaigntogether.ifyouneedanymoreinspirationtoputsomesmallpartofyourowndifferencesasidetocreatethisconsensus,allyouneedtodoistoreflectonwhattherepublicanpolicyofdivideandcajolehasdonetothislandsince1980.nowthepresidenthasaskedustojudgehimonwhetherornothesfulfilledthepromisehemadefouryearsago.ibelievethatasdemocrats,weoughttoacceptthatchallenge.and,justforamomentletusconsiderwhathehassaidandwhathesdone.inflationisdownsince1980.butnotbecauseofthesupply-sidemiraclepromisedtousbythepresident.inflationwasreducedtheold-fashionedway,witharecession,theworstsince1932.wecouldhavebroughtinflationdownthatway.howdidhedoit?fifty-fivethousandbankruptcies.twoyearsofmassiveunemployment.twohundredthousandfarmersandranchersforcedofftheland.morehomelessthanatanytimesincethegreatdepressionin1932.morehungry,inthisnationofenormousaffluence,theunitedstatesofamerica,morehungry.morepoor-mostofthemwomen-andhepaidonemorething,anearly$200billiondeficitthreateningourfuture.nowwemustmaketheamericanpeopleunderstandthisdeficitbecausetheydont.thepresidentsdeficitisadirectanddramaticrepudiationofhispromisetobalanceourbudgetby1983.howlargeisit?thedeficitisthelargestinthehistoryofthisuniverse;presidentcarterslastbudgethadadeficitoflessthanone-thirdofthisdeficit.itisadeficitthat,accordingtothepresidentsownfiscaladviser,maygrowashighas$300billionayearforasfarastheeyecansee.and,ladiesandgentlemen,itisadebtsolargethatasmuchasone-halfofourrevenuefromtheinetaxgoesjusttopaytheinterest.itisamortgageonourchildrensfuturethatcanbepaidonlyinpainandthatcouldbringthisnationtoitsknees.nowdonttakemywordforit-imademocrat.asktherepublicaninvestmentbankersonwallstreetwhattheythinkthechancesofthisrecoverybeingpermanentare.yousee,iftheyrenottooembarrassedtotellyouthetruth,theyllsaythattheyareappalledandfrightenedbythepresidentsdeficit.askthemwhattheythinkofoureconomy,nowthatithasbeendrivenbythedistortedvalueofthedollarbacktoitscolonialcondition-nowwereexportingagriculturalproductsandimportingmanufacturedones.askthoserepublicaninvestmentbankerswhattheyexpecttherateofinteresttobeayearfromnow.andaskthem,iftheydaretellyouthetruthyouwillhearfromthem,whattheypredictfortheinflationrateayearfromnow,becauseofthedeficit.now,howimportantisthisquestionofthedeficit.thinkaboutitpractically:whatchancewouldtherepublicancandidatehavehadin1980ifhehadtoldtheamericanpeoplethatheintendedtopayforhisso-calledeconomicrecoverywithbankruptcies,unemployment,morehomeless,morehungryandthelargestgovernmentdebtknowntohumankind?wouldamericanvotershavesignedtheloancertificateforhimonelectionday?ofcoursenot!thatwasanelectionwonunderfalsepretenses.itwaswonwithsmokeandmirrorsandillusions.andthatsthekindofrecoverywehavenowaswell.andwhataboutforeignpolicy?theysaidthattheywouldmakeusandthewholeworldsafer.theysaytheyhave.bycreatingthelargestdefensebudgetinhistory,onethateventheynowadmitisexcessive.byescalatingtoafrenzythenucleararmsrace.byincendiaryrhetoric.byrefusingtodiscusspeacewithourenemies.bythelossof279youngamericansinlebanoninpursuitofaplanandapolicythatnoonecanfindordescribe.wegivemoneytolatinamericangovernmentsthatmurdernuns,andthenwelieaboutit.wehavebeenlessthanzealousinsupportofouronlyrealfriend,itseemstome,wehaveinthemiddleeast,theonedemocracythere,ourfleshandbloodally,thestateofisrael.ourforeignpolicydriftswithnorealdirection,otherthananhystericalmitmenttoanarmsracethatleadsnowhere-ifwerelucky.andifwerenot,itcouldleadusintobankruptcyorwar.ofcoursewemusthaveastrongdefense!ofcoursedemocratsareforastrongdefense.ofcoursedemocratsbelievethattherearetimeswhenwemuststandandfight.andwehave.thousandsofushavepaidforfreedomwithourlives.butalways-whenthiscountryhasbeenatitsbest-ourpurposeswereclear.nowtheyrenot.nowouralliesareasconfusedasourenemies.nowwehavenorealmitmenttoourfriendsortoourideals-nottohumanrights,nottotherefuseniks,nottosakharov,nottobishoptutuandtheothersstrugglingforfreedominsouthafrica.wehaveinthelastfewyearsspentmorethanwecanafford.wehavepoundedourchestsandmadeboldspeeches.butwelost279youngamericansinlebanonandwelivebehindsandbagsinwashington.howcananyonesaythatwearestronger,safer,orbetter?thatistherepublicanrecord.thatitsdisastrousqualityisnotmorefullyunderstoodbytheamericanpeopleicanonlyattributetothepresidentsamiabilityandthefailurebysometoseparatethesalesmanfromtheproduct. and,nowitsuptous.nowitsnowuptoyouandmetomakethecasetoamerica.andtoremindamericansthatiftheyarenothappywithallthepresidenthasdonesofar,theyshouldconsiderhowmuchworseitwillbeifheislefttohisradicalproclivitiesforanotherfouryearsunrestrained.unrestrained.ifjulybringsbackanngorsuchburford-whatcanweexpectofdecember?wherewouldanotherfouryearstakeus?wherewouldfouryearsmoretakeus?howmuchlargerwillthedeficitbe?howmuchdeeperthecutsinprogramsforthestrugglingmiddleclassandthepoortolimitthatdeficit?howhighwilltheinterestratesbe?howmuchmoreacidrainkillingourforestsandfoulingourlakes?and,ladiesandgentlemen,thenationmustthinkofthis:whatkindofsupremecourtwillwehave?wemustaskourselveswhatkindofcourtandcountrywillbefashionedbythemanwhobelievesinhavinggovernmentmandatepeoplesreligionandmorality?themanwhobelievesthattreespollutetheenvironment,themanthatbelievesthatthelawsagainstdiscriminationagainstpeoplegotoofar.themanwhothreatenssocialsecurityandmedicaidandhelpforthedisabled.howhighwillwepilethemissiles?howmuchdeeperwillthegulfbebetweenusandourenemies?and,ladiesandgentlemen,willfouryearsmoremakemeanerthespiritoftheamericanpeople?thiselectionwillmeasuretherecordofthepastfouryears.butmorethanthat,itwillanswerthequestionofwhatkindofpeoplewewanttobe.wedemocratsstillhaveadream.westillbelieveinthisnationsfuture.andthisisouranswertothequestion,thisisourcredo:webelieveinonlythegovernmentweneedbutweinsistonallthegovernmentweneed.webelieveinagovernmentthatischaracterizedbyfairnessandreasonableness,areasonablenessthatgoesbeyondlabels,thatdoesntdistortorpromisethingsthatweknowwecantdo.webelieveinagovernmentstrongenoughtousethewordsloveandpassionandsmartenoughtoconvertournoblestaspirationsintopracticalrealities.webelieveinencouragingthetalented,butwebelievethatwhilesurvivalofthefittestmaybeagoodworkingdescriptionoftheprocessofevolution,agovernmentofhumansshouldelevateitselftoahigherorder.ourgovernmentshouldbeabletorisetotheleveltowhereitcanfillthegapsleftbychanceorawisdomwedontfullyunderstand.wewouldratherhavelawswrittenbythepatronofthisgreatcity,themancalledtheworldsmostsinceredemocrat-st.francisofassisi-thanlawswrittenbydarwin.webelieve,webelieveasdemocrats,thatasocietyasblessedasours,themostaffluentdemocracyintheworldshistory,onethatcanspendtrillionsoninstrumentsofdestruction,oughttobeabletohelpthemiddleclassinitsstruggle,oughttobeabletofindworkforallwhocandoit,roomatthetable,shelterforthehomeless,carefortheelderlyandinfirm,andhopeforthedestitute.andweproclaimasloudlyaswecantheutterinsanityofnuclearproliferationandtheneedforanuclearfreeze,ifonlytoaffirmthesimpletruththatpeaceisbetterthanwarbecauselifeisbetterthandeath.webelieveinfirmbutfairlawandorder.webelieveproudlyintheunionmovement.webelieveinprivacyforpeople,opennessbygovernment,webelieveincivilrights,andwebelieveinhumanrights.webelieveinasinglefundamentalideathatdescribesbetterthanmosttextbooksandanyspeechthaticouldwritewhatapropergovernmentshouldbe.theideaoffamily.mutuality.thesharingofbenefitsandburdensforthegoodofall.feelingoneanotherspain.sharingoneanothersblessings.reasonably,honestly,fairly-withoutrespecttorace,orsex,orgeographyorpoliticalaffiliation.webelievewemustbethefamilyofamerica,recognizingthatattheheartofthematterweareboundonetoanother,thattheproblemsofaretiredschoolteacherinduluthareourproblems.thatthefutureofthechildinbuffaloisourfuture.thatthestruggleofadisabledmaninbostontosurvive,andlivedecently,isourstruggle.thatthehungerofawomaninlittlerockisourhunger.thatthefailureanywheretoprovidewhatreasonablywemight,toavoidpain,isourfailure.nowfor50years,for50yearswedemocratscreatedabetterfutureforourchildren,usingtraditionaldemocraticprinciplesasafixedbeacon,givingusdirectionandpurpose,butconstantlyinnovating,adaptingtonewrealities:rooseveltsalphabetprograms;trumansnatoandthegibillofrights;kennedysintelligenttaxincentivesandtheallianceforprogress;johnsonscivilrights;cartershumanrightsandthenearlymiraculouscampdavidpeaceaccord.democratsdidit,democratsdidit-anddemocratscandoitagain.wecanbuildafuturethatdealswithourdeficit.rememberthis,that50yearsofprogressunderourprinciplesnevercostuswhatthelastfouryearsofstagnationhave.and,wecandealwiththedeficitintelligently,bysharedsacrifice,withallpartsofthenationsfamilycontributing,buildingpartnershipswiththeprivatesector,providingasounddefensewithoutdeprivingourselvesofwhatweneedtofeedourchildrenandcareforourpeople.wecanhaveafuturethatprovidesforalltheyoungofthepresent,bymarryingmonsenseandpassion.weknowwecan,becausewediditfornearly50yearsbefore1980.andwecandoitagain.ifwedonotforget.ifwedonotforgetthatthisentirenationhasprofitedb