《高定语从句复习》PPT课件.ppt

定语从句,AttributiveClause,Aug.2,2011,高三语法专题复习：,*什么是句子成分？,Theearthquakehitthecityin1906.,_主语,_谓语,_宾语,_时间状语,Wespenttwodaysinthathouse.,_主语,_谓语,_宾语,_地点状语,Ilikehardworkingstudents.,_谓语,_宾语,_主语,_定语,Theearthquakeleftmanychildrenhomeless.,_主语,_谓语,_宾语,_补语,Mybrothersarecollegestudents.,_主语,_谓语(系V),_表语,主谓宾定状补表,英语中的五种基本句型,1、主语+不及物动词2、主语+及物动词+宾语3、主语+系动词+表语4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语,Iwillspendthissummerholidayinthecountryside.There,theairisfreshandthewaterisclean.Thateveningwetalkedagreatdeal.Icanhearbirdssinginginthegreentrees.Yesterdayheofferedmeacoffee.,句2,句3,句1,句5,句4,*引导词在定语从句中起什么作用？,1.Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.who的作用:1）引导定从修饰theman2）代替先行词theman在定从中充当主语2.ThisistheschoolwhereMr.Smithoncetaught.where的作用:1）引导定从修饰theschool2）代替intheschool在定从中充当状语,定语从句的引导词关系代词：who,whom,that,which,whose,as关系副词：when,where,why*如何判断是使用关系代词还是关系副词？1)Thisisthemountainvillage_Istayedlastyear.2)Illneverforgetthedays_Iworkedtogetherwithyou.3）Thisisthemountainvillage_Ivisitedlastyear.4）Iwillneverforgetthedays_Ispentinthecountryside.,1.关系代词who/whom/that=先行词：人定语从句中缺主语时：that、who定语从句中缺宾语时：that、who、whom定语从句中缺表语时：thatEx.1)Ithankthewoman_helpedme.2)Theman_Isawintheofficetoldmetogoback.3)Thewoman_ItravelledwithspokeFrench.4)Ourteacherisnottheone_shewasmanyyearsago.,2.关系代词that/which=先行词：物定语从句中缺主语：that、which定语从句中缺宾语：that、which定语从句中缺表语：thatEx.1)Didyouhearabouttheearthquake_happenedinSichuanProvince?2)Themovie_wesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.3)Isthechair_heisstandingonfirmenough?,3.关系代词whose=先行词：人、物，作定语,1)Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.2)IwenttoseemyfriendstheSmiths,whosechildrenIusedtolookafterwhenweweresmall.3)Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.4)HehaswrittenabookwhosenameIveforgotten.,whose,1.“的”(定语),2.先行词：人物,3.whose+n.充当定从的主语宾语,Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.2.IwenttoseemyfriendstheSmiths,whosechildrenIusedtolookafterwhenweweresmall.3.Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.4.HehaswrittenabookwhosenameIveforgotten.,thenameofwhom,thewindowofwhich,thechildrenofwhom,thenameofwhich,4.关系代词as=先行词：人、物，且被thesame,such,so或as修饰Heisnotthesamepersonashewas.表语2)Ihaveneverheardofsointerestingastoryasourteachertoldus.,宾语,3)Thisissuchagoodbookasinterestsusall.,主语,在定语从句中充当主、宾、表,Letshaveatry!,1.Herearemyneighbors_homewasdestroyedbytheearthquake.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople_wereasleep.3.Severaldayslatermostofthebuildings_hadbeendamagedwererepaired.4.Thisfrightenedboy_motherwaslostinthedisasterislookingforhernow.,5.Wewenttoseeourteacher_husbandlosthislifeintheearthquake.6.“Isthistheyoungman_savedseveralpeopletrappedunderbuildings?”Sheasked.7.Illneverforgettheday_wespenttogether.8.Chinaisnolongerthecountry_shewas.9.Suchmachines_areusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.10.Nowsheisnotsuchalovelygirl_shewastwoyearsago.,5.关系副词when,where,why定语从句中作状语1)Iwillneverforgettheday_Imetyou.2)Idontknowthereason_shelooksunhappytonight.3)Thehouse_Ilived10yearsagohasbeenpulleddown.4)Irecentlywenttothetown_Iwasborn.,*是否先行词为时间、地点、原因的名词就一定用when,where和why?比较一：1)Thisisthefactory_wevisitedlastyear.2)Thisisthefactory_weworkedlastyear.比较二：1)Doyoubelievethereason_hewaslate?2)Doyoubelievethereason_hetoldyou?比较三：1）Iwontforgetthedays_wespentinJapan.2)Iwontforgetthedays_wespentourholidayinJapan.,*when/where/why=介词+which1.Thebuildingwherehelivedwasveryold.=inwhich2.1949istheyearwhenthenewChinawasfounded.=inwhich3.Hedidnttellmethereasonwhyhewasscoldedbytheteacher.,=forwhich,1.Thevillage_Ionceworkedhaschangedalot.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.onwhich2.Hehaslostthekeytothedesk_thepapersarekept.A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.inthat3.Thisisthemostbeautifulpark_Ihave_visitedAwhich；everBthat；neverCwhich；yetDthat；ever4.Iwillneverforgettheday_IjoinedtheLeague.A.whichB.whenC.inwhichD.onthat5.WearetalkingaboutTonny,_youmetyesterdayA.whomBwhichCthatDwithwho,Letshaveatry!,6.Theroom_windowisopenismine.A.whichB.itsC.thatD.whose7.Isthistheverymuseum_someJapanesevisitorsvisitedlastWednesday？AoneBwhereCthatDwhich8.Thisistheshop_sellschildrensclothingAwhereBwhoCtheoneDwhich9.DoyouknowMrsJackson_daughterisafamouspoet？AthatherBwhoseCwhoDofwhom10.Theonlylanguage_iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.whichB.thatC./D.it,11.Thegirlhandedeverything_shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.all12._cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.A.ThatB.WhoC.TheonewhoD.Thestudentswho13.Those_madenomistakesintodaysexercisespleaseraiseyourhands.A.whichB.whomC.thatD.who14.Dontgoin.Thisistheshop_wehavejustbeen_.A./,toB.that,/C.where,toD.which,there,1.Hedidnttellmeanynews,whichupsetme.2.Aseverybodyknows,TaiwanbelongstoChina.3.Wellgotothehospitaltoseethepatients,mostofwhomarechildren.,*限制性定从：与主句关系密切，不可缺少的补充，常译成一个定语（“的”）。非限制性定从：附加的补充说明，去掉后不影响主句，用逗号，翻译成一个句子。例如：Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）,非限制性定语从句,Ex.用适当的引导词填空。1.Mybrotherhadbeenanengineer，_waswhathewantedtobe2.HereachedBeijingin1998,_,sometimelater,hebecameaprofessor3._issaidabove，thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolhasincreased4.Writealettertoafriend，_hassomedifficultieswithhisstudies5.Therearefourroomsinthehouse，thebiggest_isadrawingroom,which,where,As,who,ofwhich,Ex.用适当的引导词填空。6.Heisamodelworker，_wecanlearnalot7.Theyhadtodelaythesportsmeettillnextweek，_theweatherwillbefine8.Theworkers,someof_stayedtherefortwoyears，camefromAfrica9.Thebuildingoverthereisahospital,northof_isasmallriver10.WeshallhavetomakeadecisionaboutMsKing,_storyIvejusttoldyou,fromwhom,when,whom,which,whose,TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,1、这是我们读过的最有趣的一本书。,Thisisthemostinterestingbookthatwehaveeverread.,2、他就是在上一届奥运会上获得两块金牌的运动员。,HeistheathletewhowontwogoldmedalsatthelastOlympicGames.,3、他就是我们昨天谈到过的那位科学家。,Heisthescientist(whom)wetalkedaboutyesterday.,4、我不会忘记我在重庆度过的那一天。,Iwillneverforgettheday(that/which)IspentinChongqing,5、那间厨房就是火灾发生的地方.,Thatkitchenistheplacewherethefirebrokeout.,TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,6、Tom去年到国外去了，他曾经是我的老板。,Tom,whowasoncemyboss,wentabroadlastyear.,7、毕业后，他决定留在青岛，在那里她度过了她的童年。,Aftergraduation,hedecidedtostayinQingdao,whereshespentherchildhood.,8、她有三个哥哥，其中两个是工程师。,Shehasthreebrothers,twoofwhomareengineers.,9、这城市因这座古桥而出名，所以值得游览。,Thecityisfamousforthisancientbridge,whichmakesitworthvisiting.,10、众所周知，台湾属于中国。,Asweallknow,TaiwanbelongstoChina.,*that和which用法的区别,(1)先行词为everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much,few,all,none,theone等不定代词时。,Iamsureshehassomething_youcanborrow.,(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。,Ivereadallthebooks_youlendme.,1、只能用that不用which的情况,that,that,Doyouhaveanything_youdontunderstand?,that,Pleasesendusanyinformation_youhaveaboutthesubject.,that,(3)先行词被序数词(含last)或最高级修饰时。,Thisisthefirstbook_hehasread.,that,Itisthemostbeautifulcity_Iveeverseen.,that,(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,theright,justthe修饰时。,Thisistheverybook_belongstohim.,that,Thatwasjustthebike_Iwantedtobuy.,that,(6)先行词是who,which,what引导的主句。Whoisthegirl_drovethecar?Whichisthebook_youboughtyesterday?,(7)主句以therebe引导时。Thereisaseatinthecorner_isstillfree.,(5)先行词既有人又有物时。,Thefamouswriterandhisworks_theradiobroadcastarepopulartothestudents.,that,that,that,that,(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）。Therearemanytrees_theycanhavearest.Thisisthering_shespent1000dollars.,2、只用which不用that的情况,(2)在非限制性定语从句中。Football,_isaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.,underwhich,onwhich,which,1)One_hasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth.2)Theones_laughatthedisabledarenotgoodstudents.3)Anyone_failstofinishthetaskshouldbepunished.4)Those_wanttogotoTheGreatWallsighuphere.,who,who,who,who,先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时用who.,*that和who用法的区别,1、只能用who不用that的情况,2、只能用that不用who的情况,1）当定语从句缺表语时Heisnottheman_hewas.2）当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时Whoistheman_istalkingwithourheadmaster?,that,that,*“介词关系代词”即“介词whom/which”用法介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素：A.与先行词的搭配关系1）Iwillneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays_Iworkedintheschool.3)Ihaveneverbeentotheuniversity_mycousinisstudying.,onwhich,inwhich,inwhich,B.与谓语动词的搭配习惯1)Haveyoufoundthebook_Ipaid29USdollars?2)Haveyoufoundthebook_Ispent29USdollars?3)Haveyoufoundthebook_welearntalot?4)Haveyoufoundthebook_sheoftentalks?,forwhich,onwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,Ex.用“介词关系代词”填空1.Hestheman_Ilearntthenews.2.Whostheperson_youjustshookhands.3.Iknowaladythehusband_isaNobelPrizewinner.4.Thisistheway_shestudiesEnglish.5.Theoldmanalwayswearshisglasses_hecantseeanything.6.Thekey_shewasopeningthedoorbroke.7.Nooneknowthereason_sheisleavingsoearly.,fromwhom,withwhom,ofwhom,inwhich,without,which,withwhich,forwhich,Makeareportaboutthetyphoon:(usingattributiveclauses)Therewasatyphoon_attackedHuzhouonOct.7ththisyear.Itwasastrongtyphoon_stayedinZhejiangforalongtime.Itbroughtstrongwindandheavyrain,_causedalotofdamage.Morethan5millionpeoplewentthroughthetyphoon,among_manypeopleweretrappedorinjured.Manybuildingsfelldown.Itcausedfloodandmud-rockflowinmanyplaces,_resultedinalossofmorethan4.5billionmoney.Teamswereorganizedtorescuethose_weretrappedandhelpwasgiventothose_sufferedfromthetyphoon.Luckily,itwasreportedthatnoonewaskilled.,that,that/which,which,whom,which,who,who,Correctthesentences:,1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwellneverforget.,_,(去掉),which,_,to,theone,Correctthesentences:,5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.Imgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.ThosethathaventbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.8.Idontlikethew