高中英语语法名词从句.ppt

NounClause,名词性从句,复习1：句子成份,第一种S+VShepromised(yesterday).(主语+谓语动词)+状语第二种：S+V+OShedreameda(good)dream.(主语+谓语动词（+定语）+宾语)第三种：S+V+PSheremainedcalm.(主语+连系动词+表语)第四种：S+V+InO+DOMr.Smith,(theheadmaster,)toldusthenews.(主语（+同位语）+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)第五种：S+V+O+OCIfindthebookinteresting.(主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语),复习2.主语,Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）,4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）,复习3.表语,1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）2.Isityours?（代词）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）4.Thespeechisexciting.（现在分词或过去分词的形容词）5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）,6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式：说明主语内容）7.Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词：说明主语内容）8.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）,复习3：宾语,宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：1.Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）,4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）5.Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）,复习4同位语,1.Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.（名词）2.Heisagoodteacher,oneweallrespect.（代词one）3.Theybothagreeontheprice.（代词bothalleach）4.Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus.（同位语从句）,定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question，thought，belief，conclusion等少数名词。,区别定语从句和同位语从句.,Thenews（thattheyhadwonthegame）soonspreadoverthewholeschool.同位语从句Thenews（thatyoutoldmeyesterday）wasreallydisappointing.定语从句,一.认识名词性从句a.subjectclause主语从句b.objectclause宾语从句c.predicativeclause表语从句d.appositiveclause(同位语从句),1.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomany.2.TheresultofsomuchFrenchinfluencewasthattheEnglishlanguageendedupwithmanyFrenchwordssuchastable,animalandage.3.SomepeoplefeelthatWalesisanancientfairyland.4.ThatmostofthesearenowthreatenedandmaydisappearisaseriousmattertothepeopleinBritain.,Appositiveclause同位语,Predicativeclause表语从句,Objectclause宾语从句,Subjectclause主语从句,二、名词性从句的连接词,that,1.Thatheisreadytohelpothersiswell-known.(that引导名词性从句，在从句中没有含义，不充当成分，不能省略。)2.Itswell-knownthatheisreadytohelpothers.(形式主语it代替that-clause)3.Afterchecking(that)thelightshadallbeenturnedoffandthatthedoorshadbeenclosed,heleft.（引导第一个宾语从句的that可省）,4.Theideathatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.5.Theideaisthatcomputerswillrecognizehumanvoices.(引导同位语从句和表语从句的that不能省),Whether和if是否,1.Whethersheiscoming（ornot）doesntmattertoomuch.主语从句（whetherornot）2.Ourfirstquestioniswhetheryoulikemusic.表语从句3.Iwonderwhether/ifitistrueornot.宾语从句4.Theproblemwhetheritisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.同位语从句Whetheror,Whether与if的同与异,whether和if引导宾语从句时可以互换使用但下列情况只用whether不用if:,1）在whetherornot结构中,a.Idontknowwhetherornothellcome.B.Iwonderwhether/ifitistrueornot.,（2）介词+宾语从句”,Everythingdependsonwhetherthesituationwillimprove.,(3)whether+todo,Pleasetellmewhether/ifyouwillgoornot宾语从句（连接词+主语+谓语）非谓语作宾语(连接词+不定式)b.Pleasetellmewhethertogoornot.,（4）引导主语从句,表语从句及同位语从句时,Whetherwellgodependsontheweather.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.Thequestionwhetheritisworthdoingisunderconsideration.,第二类名词性从句连接词,what,Whatitistobecomeisstillunknown.表语2.Iamwonderingwhatbecameofyou.3.Ihavenoideawhatbooksheiswriting.定语4.Thatwaswhatshedidthismorning.宾语,主语,whatthatwhether1._surprisedmemostwas_hehadbecomesoold.2._theearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntoall.3._sheboughtyesterdaywasquitecheap.4.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.Itisnt_itusedtobe.5.Thepolicequestioned_therewasanywitness.,what,What,what,that,That,whether,Which,1.Therearesomanypeopleinside.Idontknowwhichistheoneyouarelookingfor.主语2.WhatIamconsideringiswhichbookontheshelfwillinterestyou.3.Tellmewhichyouprefer,yelloworred.宾语4.pleasemakesurewhichyourseatis.表语,定语,Who:指人，主、宾(=whom)、表,1.Whobrokethewindowisnotknown.who引导主语从句who在从句中充当主语2.Theproblemiswhoheis.who引导表语从句who在从句中充当表语3.Whatshewonderedwaswho(m)Iknow.who(m)引导表语从句who(m)在从句中充当宾语,Whose:whose+名词+(主)+谓,Whosepronunciationisthebestisanopensecret.Theproblemiswhosepronunciationisthebest.Theproblemwhosepronunciationisthebestisbeyondconsideration.Idontknowwhosepronunciationisthebest.,What和whatever,异：意义不同-ever泛指或强调任何.的事物或人;凡是.的东西（人）1.Youmustntdowhateverisbadforthecountry.2.Whatyoudidiswrong.3.Whoeverbreakstheschoolruleswillbepunished.4.Theteacherwillfindoutwhobroketherules.,Whatever和nomatterwhat,1.Iagreewithwhateveryousay.Whatever引导名词性从句,nomatterwhat2.Whateveryousay,Iwillagree.whatever引导状语从句，=nomatterwhat,第三类连接词,whenwherehowwhy,1.(_heworks)isnotfarfromhere.2.-Doyouknow(_hecamehere)?-Bybus.3.Heaskedme_Igraduatedfromuniversity.4.Heiscuriousabout_Igaveupthewell=paidjob.,Where,how,when,why,第四类连接词,感叹句放在名词从句位置上,Canyouimaginewhatadifficultlifetheyareliving?CanyouimaginewhattroubleIhave?Canyouimaginewhatdifficultieswehave?Canyouimaginehowdifficultalifetheyareliving?Canyouimaginehowfasthecanrun?canyouimaginehowhardlifeis?,区别Thisisbecause-clause和Thisiswhy-clauseThereasonisthat-clause,1.Heisill.Thatswhyheisabsentfromschooltoday.原因。Thatswhy+结果2.Heisabsent.Thatsbecauseheisill.结果。Thatsbecause+原因3.Thereason(whyheisabsent)isthatheisill.Thereason(why-clause)isthat-clausewhy+结果that+原因,三、名词性从句的语序问题,WhatIhavesaidisbasedonfacts.从句语序1.连接词+主+谓+其它Whateverisagainstlawisbanned.从句语序2.连接词+谓+其它,TrueorFalse,Ididntknowwhatthematterwaswithher.FalseIdidntknowwhatwasthematterwithher.,四、主谓一致问题,Thathesurvivedtheaircrashisluck.1.单个从句做主语表单数概念谓语用单数Whenwewillsetoutandhowwewillgotherehaventbeendecided.2.两个从句做主语，谓语动词用复数,Whenandwherehewasbornhasnotbeenfoundout.3.两个连接词引导一个从句，单数谓语,a.Whathesaidistrue.b.WhatIboughtarethreeEnglishbooks.4