TEM 8 听力ppt课件.ppt

专八听力,ZhangQuan,1,ChapterOneMini-lecture,约900个单词15个空内容与本专业方向课程相关听力材料难度为中等偏上语速150w/s只听一遍听前发卷,2,层级听力法详解,1.讲座的结构,3,认知性模块说话者对某一事物或现象的讲解。在讲座内容上通常表现为*是什么、*怎么样、*为什么,操作性模块是说话者对某一做法的讲解，在讲座内容上通常表现为*怎么做。,4,5,HowtoReduceStressLifeisfullofthingsthatcauseusstress.Thoughwemaynotlikestress,wehavetolivewithit.I.DefinitionofstressA.(1)_reactioni.e.forceexertedbetweentwotouchingbodiesB.humanreactioni.e.responseto(2)_onsomeonee.g.increaseinbreathing,heartrate,(3)_,ormuscletensionII.(4)_A.positivestresswhereitoccurs:Christmas,wedding,(5)_B.negtivestresswhereitoccurs:test-takingsituations,friendsdeathIII.WaystocopewithstressA.recognitionofstresssignals-monitorfor(6)_ofstress-findwaystoprotectoneselfB.attentiontobodydemand-effectof(7)_,6,C.planningandactingappropriately-reasonforplanning-(8)_ofplanningDlearningto(9)_e.g.delaycausedbytrafficE.pacingactivities-manageabletask-(10)_,7,解题步骤,预读提纲推测考点理清逻辑抓住关键合理填空仔细审查,8,Mini-Lecture1,HowtoMakeItinCollegeI.Getgoodgradesthesecrete:figureouta_(1)_-fivestudytipsa.setupastudyplace-wherethereisno_(2)_-somewherethatisquietandboringb.getintoastudy_3_-decidetogetyourstudydone-donotdoodleinyour_4_ormakeashoppinglistc.skimthetextbookfirst-readthetitle,thesubtitles,_5_,thepictures,etc.-catchthemainpointsandinterpretthemtoyourselfd.takenotesonwhatyouarestudying-jotdown_6_andphrasesinthemargins-organizeseperatesheetsofnotesfortoughmaterials,9,e.reviewafteryouhavereadandtakennotes-tellyourselfaboutthemostimportantpoints_7_II._8_thetightschedulethesecrete:organizeyourtime-threetactics:a.prepareamonthlycalendar-getacalendarwithbigblocksaroundthedates-markdown_9_forpapersandprojects-_10_testandexamdaysb.makeupastudyschedule-fillin_11_hours-blockoutsomestudyhours:studyalittleeverydayc.use_12_-crossoffthethingsfinished-getimportantthingsdonefirst,10,III.Havea_13_thekeytoeverythingelseA.avoidactinglikeazombie-reallylisten,takenotesand_14_B.be_15_aboutcollegeasaninstitution-managetopassthecourseunbearableonceandforall,11,mini-lecture2,HowtoBuildYourVocabularyEffectivelyVocabularyisthefoundationoflearningalanguage.Withoutit,noneoftheskillscouldbelearnedwell.Herearefourbasicstepstobuildyourvocabularyeffectively:I.BeawareofwordsA.reason:_1_maynotbeenoughB.wordstonote:-totallyunknownwords-_2_wordswhoseprecisemeaningsareunknownC.waysofdealingwithnewwords:-guessawordsmeaningfromits_3_-lookupthewordinadictionary-notewords_4_II.ReadasoftenandasmuchaspossibleA.reason:-youwillfindout_5_-youcancheckonwordsyouhavelearnedB._:-whateverattractsyou,12,-e.g.,ifyoulikesports,readbooksabout_7_-whatever_8_foryouC.keepinmindtheideaof_9_whilereadingIII.Useadictionary-keepit_10_-wordscanhavemorethanonemeaning-noteothermeaningsoftheword-note_11_IV.Studyandreview_12_-setasideaspecificamoutof_13_-lookupnewwordsandreviewoldwords-setagoaland_14_accordingly-thenumberofwordstolearn-thedeadline-keeptheinformationonaword_15_,13,Lecture3,WhatisReading?I.Readingisacomplexand_1_process-e.g.astoryoftwofictionalGreekboys-Dimitris:haslearnedto_2_butdoesntknowthelocaldialectoftheletter-Gregoris:is_3_butknowsthelocaldialectoftheletter-theresult:-Dimitris_4_thewords-Gregoristranslatesthecontentsinto_5_-conclusion:readingisntsimplyabout“soundingouttheletters”II.ThedifferentprocessesoflearningspeakingandreadingA.differencesbetweenreadingandspeaking-reading:cannotbelearneddirectlybysimplyspendingtimewith_6_-speaking:canbelearnedby_7_toalinguisticenvironmentB.methodsoflearningspeakingandreading-speaking:a_8_scheme-geneticallyprogrammedandgearedtotheprioritesofeachparticularmothertongue-reading:pedagogy-learnedformally,taughtand_9_-_10_infiction:Tarzan,KingoftheJungleandLaGloriedemonpere(MyFathersGlory),14,III.Readingistheresultofapatientappreenticeship_11_patientteachersA.process:learninghowtomakesenseofwords,sentences,the“_12_”ofatextB.notice:atextisnotsimply_13_-“befores”and“afters”,causeandeffect,or_14_betweentwoeventsC.learner-readeroffiction:-understandtheusageof_15_andthedefinitearticle-e.g.,“Catherine”,“she”and“theprettylittlegirl”refertothesameperson,15,Lecture4,IsAnybodyListening?I.CriticismofAmericancollegesanduniversitiesA.teachersarenotdoingagoodjobofteaching-businesssufferfrom_executivesB.studentsarenotdoingagoodjoboflearning-collegegraduateslack_andgeneralcultureII.InadequacyofthelecturesystemA.exampleofMary:a.theprofessornevertakes_:classshrinksb.lecturesareobsolete:boringclassc.theprofessorasksnoquestions:_unnecessaryd.testsareonlyfortestsB.universalproblemswithlectureclassesa.listening_ishardwork-slowspeedoftalkleadsto_b.attendinglecturesispassivelearning-hardto_thespeakersnextpoint-hardtotakenoteseffectively-lackofsmall_,16,C.lecturesystemharmsprofessors-reductionin_totheminimum-no_fromstudentsIII.Reasonsfor_ofthelecturesystemA._lovethem-alecturehallcanholdmorestudentsthanadiscussionclassB.facultymembersandstudentskeepthemaliveandwell-professorscanpretendtoteach-studentscanpretendtolearnC.theyoffer_forprofessorstoshowoffIV.Suggestionsonthelecturesystem-_involvingstudentsindiscussion-professors:energy,imaginationand_-students:sharetheresponsibilityfortheirownintellectualgrowth,17,5TheCommunicativeApproachTheCommunicativeApproachemphasizesthatthegoaloflanguagelearningiscommunicativecompetence.Herearethreeaspectsofit:I.TheDevelopmentoftheCommunicativeApproach-in1971,expertsbegantoexplore-in1976,D.A.Wilkinsreviseditintoabook:NationalSyllabuses-theCommunicativeApproachexpandedandsomevariantsappeared:A.TheNaturalApproach-thecore:_1_-fourstages:Pre-Production,EarlyProduction,_2_,andIntermediateFluencyB._3_-toteachlanguageskillsinhighlyintegratedfashion-threegeneralmodels:_4_,adjunct,andshelteredC.Task-basedTeaching-tohelplearnerstoexperimentwithandexplorespokenandwrittenlanguagethrough_5_-threestages:Pre-taskTaskCycle,_6_II.TheFeaturesoftheComminicativeApproach-everythingdonehasa(n)_7_inusingthemethod-activitiesarecarriedoutbystudents_8_-learner-centeredteachingmethod:teacher_9_thecommunicativeprocessandactsasaninterdependentparticipant,18,III.AdavantagesandDisadvantagesA.advantages:-it_10_studentscommunicativecompetencemuchbetter-_11_canbetaughtintegrally-moreattentionispaidto_12_-itemphasizes_13_andoperationalcapabilitiesB.disadvantages:-_14_arenotclear-theusageof_15_isignored-correctionoferrorsmaybeabscentorinfrequent,19,SexisminEnglishSexisminEnglishlanguagereflectsthetraditionalethicsthatmenaresuperiortowomen.Here,fouraspectswillbediscussedtoexplainthecauses.I.The_1_factor-thereligiousinfluenceoftheHolyBible:-thebirthorderofthemanandthewoman-_2_committedbythewomanII.Thephysiologicalfactor-physicaldifferences:-men:tall,robust,havingmore_3_-women:small,weak,havingmore_4_-consequences:-menworkoutside;womenstayathome-womenareconsideredtobeinferiorin_5_III.Thesocialfactor:the_6_oflabor-feminists:weliveina_7_society-sexisusedinallocatingtasks,activities,_8_andresponsibilities-inhistory:a.women:houseworkand_9_b.men:breadwinner-inmodernsociety:,20,a.women:employedinlow-status,_10_jobsb.men:mainlydefinedbytheir_11_positionIV.The_12_factor-womenaretreatedasmensappendages-men:educatedtobemanly,_13_,andbrave-women:requiredtobepolite,conservative,_14_,andgentle-womenpaymoreattentiontotheeleganceandstandardoflanguagea.usepleasantandpolitewordsb.speak_15_,21,22,23,24,25,SectionBIntervieworConversation,1000个单词的会话或两个约500个单词的会话10道选择题每道题后有10秒的间隔内容与学生的日常生活、社会和学习活动相关150/m,26,解题四大法则,关键词法则结构法则人称法则干扰法则,27,1.关键词法则,A.Maggiesuniversitylife.B.HermomslifeatHarvard.C.MaggiesviewonstudyingwithMom.D.Maggiesopiniononhermomsmajor.,mom,Maggie,university,studying,major,选项中反复提到了Maggie和mom,选项与学校和学习有关,故推测听力材料与Maggie和mom的学习生活有关，听音时需注意选项关键词,28,听力原文M：Goodevening,everybody.Today,wearepleasedtohaveinvitedMaggieSchwartzfromHarvardUniversitytotellusherfeelingofstudyingtogetherwithhermom.WellMaggie.W:Thanks.Imveryhappytomeetyouall.Q:Whatisthetopicoftheinterview?,29,结构法则,30,A.Planatripoftendays.B.Prepareyourselfforunexpectedthings.C.Keepyourscheduletightandarrangeimportantmeetingstogetherinoneday.D.Countinyourschedulethetimefordelays.,某人计划或建议,对话中提到将来时间的地方或者含有should，may等表示建议的关键词的地方,31,听力原文.W:Eh,thatsveryusefulinformation.M:Andanothermistakeistogoawayfortoolong.Mostpeoplesefficiencyandenergystarttofalloffaftertwoweeksaway.Somyadviceis,keepyourtripshort,onlygofortwoweeksandneverforalongerthanthree.Anotherpointisdontexpecteverythingtogoaccordingtoplan.Youneedtolearntoexpecttheunexpected.Theremaybeatyphooninsummeroryourtaximaybreakdownonthewaytotheairport.Inotherwords,dontbeoptimisticaboutplansanddontscheduleimportantmeetingstoocloselytogether.Youneedtoallowtimefordelaysandbreakdown.Q:AccordingtoNigel,whichofthefollowingbehaviorshouldbeavoidedwhenpeopleplanatrip?,32,A.TolookafterrefugeesinIraq.B.Todrawattentiontotherefugeecrisis.C.ToworkforU.N.H.C.R.D.Toworkoutaplanforrefugees.动词不定式,动词不定式,原因或者目的,讲话者某一行为的原因或目的,33,A.Havingroomates.B.Practicingcourttrials.C.Studyingtogether.D.Takingnotesbyhand.,动名词结构,某一细节,关于学校与学习生活的特定活动,34,3.人称法则,选项中的人名以及代词she,her,he,him等可以帮助我们确定问题是针对谁来提问的，从而确定该关注谁的话格外留意第三方话语,35,4.干扰法则,求同原则,相关原则,相反原则,包含原则,常识原则,36,求同,A.Itsnaturalforlanguagelearnerstomakeerrors.B.Differencesbetweenlanguagescausedifficulty.C.ThereexistdifferencesbetweenEnglishandCzech.D.Difficultystemsfromeitherdifferenceorsimilarity.,37,相关,A.DelightedB.ExcitedC.BoredD.Frustrated,38,相反原则,A.Toastermasterswasoriginallysetuptotrainspeakingskills.B.Toastermastersonlyacceptsprospectiveprofessionalspeakers.C.Toastermastersacceptsmembersfromthegeneralpublic.D.Toastermastersisanexclusiveclubforprofessionalspeakers.,39,包含原则,A.Totakepromptandeffectiveactions.B.Tosupervisetheconstructionofschools.C.Toprovidewaterandpowersupply.D.Topreventinstabilityandaggression.,40,常识,A.Thepossibilityofdiscountsdependsonatravelagentsvolumeofbusiness.B.LongerflightstothesamedestinationmaybecheaperC.Itisadvisabletoplaneverydetailofatripinadvance.D.Arrangingforstopoverscanavoidovernighttravel.,41,解题