定语从句难点考点总结高一.ppt

Theattributiveclause,AttributiveClauses,这是我的杯子这是一个装满茶的杯子。这是我喝茶用的杯子。,Tips:当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。,为什么用定语从句,Thisismycup.,Thisisacupfullof/filledwithtea.,ThisisthecupwhichIdrinkteawith.,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后,被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,定语从句,先行词,关系词,定语从句的三个概念,引导定语从句,代替先行词,在定语从句中担当一个成分,Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.,A,B,C,TomorrowIwillbringherethemagazinewhich/thatyouaskedfor.,关系词的三个功能,Step1判定主从句部分Step2判定先行词Step3把从句_，看先行词在从句中充当何成分。,选择关系词的三个步骤,还原,1.Thenumberofpeople_cometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.,2.Whereistheman_Isawthismorning?,3.Thebook_youintroducedtomethismorningisveryinteresting.,5.Doyouwanttoborrowthebook_coverisblue?,cometovisit,thiscityeachyear,Isawthis,youintroduced,tomethismorning,who/that,who/whom/that,which/that/略,whose,4.Ivisitedascientist_nameisknownalloverthecountry.,nameisknown,alloverthecountry.,whose,cover,isblue,morning,(),思考一：关系代词和关系副词如何选择？,1.Thereason_hemissedthespeechisthatheforgotthetime.2.Thereason_hegaveussoundedreasonable.3.Illneverforgettheday_wespenttogetherinParis.4.Illremembertheday_westayedtogether.5.Thisisthefactory_wevisitedlastyear.6.Thisisthehouse_Lincolnoncelived.,引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看_,即把先行词还原到从句中看是作主语、宾语还是状语。,why,that/which,that/which,when,that/which,where,结论：,他们在从句中作什么成份,(),(),(),that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,人/物,宾,定,时间,时间状语,地点,原因,地点状语,原因状语,主、宾,主、宾,主、宾,(1)Theschool_heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschool_heoncestudiedisveryfamous.(2)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine_youaskedfor.TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine_youasked.(3)Wellgotohearthefamoussinger_wehaveoftentalkedabout.Wellgotohearthefamoussinger_wehaveoftentalked.,that/which略,inwhich,that/which/略,forwhich,whom/that/who/略,aboutwhom,介词+关系代词,1.Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidioms_whichImnotsure.根据从句中动词或形容词的_1949wastheyear_whichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯2.Isthatthenewspaper_whichyouoftenwritearticles?根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系,for,about,in,thenewspaper,theyear,idioms,思考二：介词+关系代词中,介词如何选择?,习惯搭配,1.Thisisthecar_whichIboughtlastyear.2.Thisisthecar_whichIpaid100$.3.Thisisthecar_whichIcantgotowork.4.Thisisthecar_whichtheoldmanwasknockeddown.5.Thisisthecar_whichaboythrewastone.6.Thisisthecar_whichthewindowwasbroken.7.Helovedhisparentsdeeply,_areverykindtohim.(父母俩都)8.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,_havegonebad.(其中有些）,/,for,without,by,at,of,=whosewindow,=thewindowofwhich,bothofwhom,someofwhich,启示：,若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用_不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用_,不可用that;关系代词是所有格时用_。,whom,which,whose,/the+先行词ofwhich/ofwhichthe+先行词,1.OncemoreIaminBoston,_whichIhavenotbeenfortenyears.2.Hementionedabook,_whichthetitleIcantremember.Hementionedabook,_titleIcantremember.3.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall_whichhecouldseewhatwashappeninginside.4.Ihavemanyfriends,_whomsomearebusinessmen.5.Thetwothings_whichtheyfeltproudwereJimsgoldwatchandDellashair.,to,of,whose,through,of,of,6.Thisisthedesk_whichtherearealotofbooks.7.Thegas_whichwecantliveiscalledoxygen.8.Astrangegirlenteredtheroomandrelatedtomeastoryofherown,_whichIsuspectthetruth.9.Unfortunately,manyyoungpeoplenowadaysendupinjobs_whichtheyarenotsuited.,on,without,of,to,思考三：as/which有何特殊性?,ThisisthesamepenasIboughtyesterday。2.Heisthesamepersonthatgavemehelpyesterday.3.Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.4.ThiswassointerestingabookasIcantputdown.(Thiswassointerestingabookthat_),先行词被_修饰了的时候用as但thesameas(相似性)thesamethat（同一性）有区别,总结：,thesame,such,so,Icouldntputitdown.,ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.,1.Wewonthegame,aswehadexpected.2.Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.3.Theprofessor,asIlearntlater,wasthefatherofmydeskmate.4.Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.5.Tomsuddenlyfellill,whichmadeussad.=Tomsuddenlyfellill,_thatmadeussad.,and,句首，句中，句末,正如，好像,As/which,句末,总结:1._指代主句的内容.2.as引导的定语从句可放在_3.as译为_。4.which引导的定语从句只能放在_5.当主句和从句之间存在逻辑上的_时，关系词往往只用which.6.which往往可以翻译成_,因果关系,这;这一点,7.as的习惯用法aswe(all)know/asis(well)knowntousasanybodycanseeashasbeensaidbeforeasoftenhappensasmentionedaboveashasbeenpointedoutasisoftenthecaseasmaybeimagined,众所周知正如人人都能看到的那样如上所述正如经常发生的那样如上所述正如已经指出的情况常常如此可以想象得出,定语从句只能用that不用which的情况以及用which不用that的情况（12期报纸）,1.定语从句的谓语动词的单复数由_决定。Thosewho_finishedmayleavetheclassroomnow.Thisisoneofthehousesthat_(be)free.Heistheonlyoneoftheteacherswho_(know)Frenchinourschool.注：“oneofthe+复数名词”这一结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词通常用复数形式，但当one前有theonly,thevery之类的修饰语时，后面从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。,先行词,其他常见问题,have,are,knows,2.theway作先行词的引导词_3.先行词是situation,point,case时，关系词多用_Imagineasituationwheretwostrangersaretalkingtoeachotheraftersomeonetheybothknowhaslefttheroom.Teachersmustpayattentiontothecasewherestudentsareabletorecitemanywordsbutcantusethemproperly.,that/inwhich/省略,where,分割定语从句,在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。,Therearemanythousandsofstarsintheskythatarelikethesun.,在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。,DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace？,先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。,AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.,此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后,manythousandsofstars,oneafternoon,Anewmaster,定语从句和其它句型的转换,定语从句和非谓语动词：(1)TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammeswhichareshownonTVinChina.TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammes_onTVinChina.(2)AtonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeoplewhowerewaitingoutsidetheCAACoffices.Atonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeople_outsidetheCAACoffices.,结论：定语从句是主动形式，用现在分词作定语;从句是被动形式，用过去分词。,shown,waiting,(1)Itwasatsevenoclock_hewenttoschoolthismorning.Itwassevenoclock_hewenttoschoolthismorning.(2)Itistheeducation_hereceivedwhenstudyingabroad_hasmadehimsuchanexcellentmanager.,结论：强调句句型：Itis/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它部分去掉Itis/was.that/who,句子照样成立。而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。,that,when,that,that,定语从句/强调句,(1)Thenews_ourvolleyballteamwonthematchmadeusexcited.(2)Thenews_hetoldmeyesterdayisexciting.(3)Theproblem_weshouldanswerfortheaccidentiscleartoyou.(4)Theproblem_heaskedmetosolveishardtosolve.,that引导同位语从句，在从句中_，并且引导的句子是_，在从句中(可/不可)省去，也不可用which替代。That/which引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时(可/不可)省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。,that,that/which/略,that,that/which,不充当任成份,说明前一名词的内容,不可,可以,定语从句和同位语从句,Hedidall(that)hecouldtohelpme.(2)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(3)_isknowntousall,theearthturnsroundthesun.Itisknowntousall_TaiwanbelongstoChina.(4)_isknowntousallisthattheearthissmallerthanthesun.,As,that,What,(=what),(=what),结论：定语从句只起修饰作用，在主句中不担当成份名词