艾滋病介绍英语.ppt

AIDS,WhatisAIDS?AIDSstandsfor:AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndromeAIDSisamedicalcondition.ApersonisdiagnosedwithAIDSwhentheirimmunesystemistooweaktofightoffinfections.SinceAIDSwasfirstidentifiedintheearly1980s,anunprecedentednumberofpeoplehavebeenaffectedbytheglobalAIDSepidemic.Today,thereareanestimated33.4millionpeoplelivingwithHIVandAIDSandeachyeararoundtwomillionpeoplediefromAIDSrelatedillnesses.,WhatcausesAIDS?AIDSiscausedbyHIV.HIVisavirusthatgraduallyattacksimmunesystemcells.AsHIVprogressivelydamagesthesecells,thebodybecomesmorevulnerabletoinfections,whichitwillhavedifficultyinfightingoff.ItisatthepointofveryadvancedHIVinfectionthatapersonissaidtohaveAIDS.ItcanbeyearsbeforeHIVhasdamagedtheimmunesystemenoughforAIDStodevelop.,WhatarethesymptomsofAIDS?ApersonisdiagnosedwithAIDSwhentheyhavedevelopedanAIDSrelatedconditionorsymptom,calledanopportunisticinfection,oranAIDSrelatedcancer.Theinfectionsarecalledopportunisticbecausetheytakeadvantageoftheopportunityofferedbyaweakenedimmunesystem.ItispossibleforsomeonetobediagnosedwithAIDSeveniftheyhavenotdevelopedanopportunisticinfection.AIDScanbediagnosedwhenthenumberofimmunesystemcells(CD4cells)inthebloodofanHIVpositivepersondropsbelowacertainlevel.,IsthereacureforAIDS?Worryingly,manypeoplethinkthereisacureforAIDS-whichmakesthemfeelsafer,andperhapstakerisksthattheyotherwisewouldnt.However,thereisstillnocureforAIDS.TheonlywaytostaysafeistobeawareofhowHIVistransmittedandhowtopreventHIVinfection,HowmanypeoplehavediedfromAIDS?SincethefirstcasesofAIDSwereidentifiedin1981,morethan25millionpeoplehavediedfromAIDS.AnestimatedtwomillionpeoplediedasaresultofAIDSin2008alone.AlthoughthereisnocureforAIDS,HIVinfectioncanbeprevented,andthoselivingwithHIVcantakeantiretroviraldrugstodelaytheonsetofAIDS.However,inmanycountriesacrosstheworldaccesstopreventionandtreatmentservicesislimited.GloballeadershavepledgedtoworktowardsuniversalaccesstoHIVpreventionandcare,sothatmillionsofdeathscanbeaverted.,CaringforapersonwithAIDSInthelaterstagesofAIDS,apersonwillneedpalliativecareandemotionalsupport.Inmanypartsoftheworld,friends,familyandAIDSorganisationsprovidehomebasedcare.ThisisparticularlythecaseincountrieswithhighHIVprevalenceandoverstretchedhealthcaresystems.EndoflifecarebecomesnecessarywhenapersonhasreachedtheveryfinalstagesofAIDS.Atthisstage,preparingfordeathandopendiscussionaboutwhetherapersonisgoingtodieoftenhelpsinaddressingconcernsandensuringfinalwishesarefollowed.,TheglobalAIDSepidemicAround2.7millionpeoplebecameinfectedwithHIVin2008.Sub-SaharanAfricahasbeenhardesthitbytheepidemic;in2008overtwo-thirdsofAIDSdeathswereinthisregion.Parcdelespoir-AIDSMemorialParkinMontreal,CanadaTheepidemichashadadevastatingimpactonsocieties,economiesandinfrastructures.Incountriesmostseverelyaffected,lifeexpectancyhasbeenreducedbyasmuchas20years.Youngadultsintheirproductiveyearsarethemostat-riskpopulation,somanycountrieshavefacedaslow-downineconomicgrowthandanincreaseinhouseholdpoverty.InAsia,HIVandAIDScausesagreaterlossofproductivitythananyotherdisease.AnadultsmostproductiveyearsarealsotheirmostreproductiveandsomanyoftheagegroupwhohavediedfromAIDShaveleftchildrenbehind.Insub-SaharanAfricatheAIDSepidemichasorphanednearly12millionchildren.,Inrecentyears,theresponsetotheepidemichasbeenintensified;inthepasttenyearsinlow-andmiddle-incomecountriestherehasbeena6-foldincreaseinspendingforHIVandAIDS.Thenumberofpeopleonantiretroviraltreatmenthasincreased,theannualnumberofAIDSdeathshasdeclined,andtheglobalpercentageofpeopleinfectedwithHIVhasstabilised.However,recentachievementsshouldnotleadtocomplacentattitudes.Inallpartsoftheworld,peoplelivingwithHIVstillfaceAIDSrelatedstigmaanddiscrimination,andmanypeoplestillcannotaccesssufficientHIVtreatmentandcare.InAmericaandsomecountriesofWesternandCentralandEasternEurope,infectionratesarerising,indicatingthatHIVpreventionisjustasimportantnowasiteverhasbeen.Preventioneffortsthathaveprovedtobeeffectiven