高中英语 Unit1 The world of our senses Grammar and usage课件 牛津译林版必修3.ppt

Unit1GrammarandusageNounclauses,1._thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If,主语从句,Practice,2.Iwonder_youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what,宾语从句,3.Thisis_hewasoftenlateforschool.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether,表语从句,4.Weallknowthetruth_theearth_aroundthesun.A.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move,同位语从句,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句(NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,Hisjobisimportant.,Whathedoesisimportant.,主语,Thisishisjob.,Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.,表语,Idontlikehisjob.,Idontlikewhathedoeseveryday.,宾语,Idontknowabouttheman,Mr.White.,Idontknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.,同位语,1.Wecanuseanounclauseasthesubjectofasentence.e.g.ThatIcanpaybackthehelppeoplegivememakesmehappy.Whytheyhavenotleftyetisnotclearsofar.,Nounclauses,Wecanuseitasapreparatorysubject.e.g.Itwasgoodnewsthateveryonegotbacksafely.2.Wecanuseanounclauseastheobjectofaverb/preposition.e.g.Iwonderif/whetherthatsagoodidea.Iminterestedinwhothattallmanis.,Wecanuseitasapreparatorysubject.e.g.Weallthoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygone.Theconductorhasmadeitclearthatnobuseswillberunning.,3.Wecanuseanounclauseasthepredicativeofbe.e.g.Thetruthisthatitstoofoggyforthebustorunthatfar.MyquestioniswhetherPollycanfindherwayhome.,4.Wecanuseanounclauseinappositiontoanoun.e.g.Shehadafeelingthatshewasbeingwatched.Thenewsthathecouldntcomemadeusupset.,5.Weusethat,if/whetheroraquestionwordtobeginanounclause.e.g.Nooneknewif/whetherhelosthissightbecauseofanaccident.Shecouldntimaginehowtheblindmanhadfoundher.,Readthearticleonpage9anddescribethemainideainyourownwords.Whilereading,underlineallthenounclausesyoucanfindinthisarticle.,名词性从句考点归纳,一、名词性从句的语序,(1)名词性从句构成有两种,a.That+陈述句e.g.Thathediditrightisknowntoall.b.疑问词+句子的剩余成分e.g.Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.,(2)疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.,F,T,你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Couldyoutellmewherehelives?Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?,T,F,二、名词性从句连接词的选用,(1)that和what的选用,that和what都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。,1._hewantsisabook.2._hewantstogothereisobvious.3.Theresultis_wewonthegame.4.Thisis_wewanttoknow.5.Is_hetoldustrue?,What,That,that,what,thatorwhat?,what,6.Weshouldpayattentionto_theteacherissaying.7.Ihavenodoubt_hewillcome.8.Ihavenoidea_hedidthatafternoon.,what,that,what,(2)if和whether的选用,whether和if都可以使用的情况：1)引导动词的宾语从句时；2)在be+adj.之后时；3)在主语从句中，it用作形式主语时。,只能用whether的情况：1)在非正式文体中,if.ornot也是正确的。但与ornot直接连用时,只能用whether(即whetherornot),而不能用if(即ifornot)；2)引导表语从句和同位语从句时；,3)引导主语从句，且位于句首时；4)引导介词后的宾语从句时；5)后面直接跟动词不定式时；6)if引起歧义时。,1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2._wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.,if/whether,Whether,iforwhether,3.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.4.Idontknow_heiswellornot.5.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.,whether,whether/if,whether,6.Thequestionis_heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion_theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Idontknow_togo.,whether,whether,whether,9.Iwonder_thenewsistrue.10.Hewasnotsure_itwasright.11.Ithasntbeendecided_weshallattendthemeeting.,if/whether,if/whether,if/whether,12.Wehaventdecided_toattendthemeetingornot.13.Idontknow_hefinallyfoundhismissingbikeornot.14.Idontknow_ornothefinallyfoundhismissingbike.,whether,if/whether,whether,15.Thequestionis_thefilmisworthseeing.16.Theproblem_weshouldcontinuetheexperimentremainsunsolved.,whether,whether,17._ourteamhaswonthematchisunknown.18.Italldependson_hewillsupportus.19.Pleaseletmeknow_youlikeit.,Whether,whether,whether,其它连接代词和副词的连用,主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择who/which/when/where/why/how等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。,我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。Idontknow_broketheglassyesterday.,When,who,我不知道他长的什么样子。Ihavenoidea_helookslike.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。Thisis_Ileftmyglasses.,what,where,引导词that的省略,that引导主语从句，并且主语从句后置，由it作形式主语时，that不可省略；2.that引导宾语从句时，可以省略；但如果有两个that引导的宾语从句，则第二个宾语从句中的that不可省略；,3.介词后的宾语从句中的that不可省略;4.如果that连接的宾语从句中紧接着一个由其他连词引导的状语从句，that不能省略；5.引导同位语从句的连词that在句中不充当成分，且不可省略。,下列名词性从句中的that是否可以省略。1.ItwasreportedthatthefootballteamwaswarmlyreceivedbytheQueen.2.IdontbelievethathehaseverreadanyofShakespearesworksorthathehaseverheardofhim.,3.Hiscompositionisverygoodexceptthattherearesomespellingmistakes.4.Thecauseoftheaccidentliesinthatthedriverwascareless.5.Hesaidthat,ifIdidnothavetime,Imightchoosenottogo.6.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.,只有第2题第一个that可以省略，其他名词性从句中，that不可以省略。,that/(that),1.Idontthink_sheiscoming.2.Itisapity_hehasmadesuchamistake.3.Thereasonis_heiscareless.4.Thenews_ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.,(that),that,that,that,5.Idontthinkitnecessary_youshouldreadEnglishaloud.6.Hetoldme_hisfatherhaddiedand_hehadtomakealivingalone.,that,(that),that,三、同位语从句的引导和辨别,1.同位语从句的格式：n.+连接词+从句2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact/idea/news/information/order/belief/advicesuggestion,等3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether,what,when,where等来引导同位语从句。,Ihavenoidea_hecomesfrom.2.Hecantanswerthequestion_hegotthemoney.3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions_weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.,that/whether/where/how,where,how,that,4.Ihavenodoubt_hewillwin.5.Ihavesomedoubt_hewillwin.,that,whether,同位语从句和定语从句的区别:,1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。,2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略。,1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.,AT,AP,AttributiveorAppositive,1.Theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.2.Theinformationthatherevealedatthemeetingisofgreatvalue.,AT,AP,名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为should+do,should可省略,e.g.HegavemeasuggestionthatI(should)becalmnow.,宾语从句的时态呼应,如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。Hebelieves_.,hisdreamwillcometruesomeday,b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。Pleasetellme_.,whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday,2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。,他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。Hetoldme_.他说他已离开家乡十年了。Hetoldme_.,hewaspreparingfortheexamination,hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyears,老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。Theteachertellus_,lighttravelsinastraightline.,Readthearticleaboutoursensesonpage11andcircletherightwords.Answers:1._2._3._4._5._6._,if,that,that,that,whether,that,Completethestoryonpage11usingthat,whetherorif.Answers:1._2._3._4._5._6._7._8._,that,that,that,if/whether,that,if/whether,that,that,考点点拨考例回顾,1.Theradioannouncedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfog.(P10),考点that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当成分，在动词后面的宾语从句中可以省略，在介词后面的宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不可省略。,考例1Withhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleased_hewasamanofaction.(湖南2006)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether,解析：根据句子结构，pleased后面应接宾语从句，hewasamanofaction是个完整的句子，从句中不缺成分，故选that。,考例2Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaris_itcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.(上海2006)A.howB.whyC.thatD.when,解析：is后面是表语从句，从句中不缺成分，故选that。,考例3Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome_Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymothersbirthday.(安徽2006)A.ifB.whenC.thatD.which,解析：此句是同位语从句，thought与从句thatImight.被谓语suddenlycametome隔开。同位语从句中的引导词that不充当成分，只起一个连接的作用。,2.Sheisnotcertainaboutwhethershehasdoneanythingwrong.(P10)考点在介词后面的宾语从句中表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。,考例Wehaventsettledthequestionof_itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.(江苏2006)A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that,句意：我们还没有解决他是否有必要去国外学习这一问题。根据句意，可排除B和D两项。介词of后面接宾语从句时，只用whether，不用if。故选C项。,3.Hesaid(that)helikedrainverymuchandthathewouldntuseanumbrellawhenitwasraining.(P10)考点当一个句子有两个或多个宾语从句时，引导第一个从句的that可以省略，而引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略，且最后两个从句之间要用and，but或or连接。,考例Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,and_allthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.(湖南2007)A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where,解析：动词checked后接两个宾语从句，第一个是thedoorswereclosed，引导从句的that被省略；第二个是allthelightswereoff，从句中不缺成分，故选that，且that不可省略。,1.Itnowappears_theyareinneedofhelp.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how2.Itisgoodnews_theywillarriveinafewdays.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how,3.It_Joedrivesbadly.A.thoughtthatB.thinksthatC.isthinkthatD.isthoughtthat4.It_heislateforc