高考英语语法复习课件-过去分词.ppt

ThePastParticple,现在分词:表示动作是主动的和正在进行过去分词:表示动作是被动的和完成,分词在句中可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。,I.Pastparticipleusedasattributes（定语）,1.位置:单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后,被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语。,Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.Thespeakeransweredallthequestionsraisedbytheaudience.,2.作用-相当于一个定语从句,（2）Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.,=Isthereanythingthathasbeenplannedfortonight?,（1）Isthereanythingplannedfortonight？,=Thebook,whichwaswrittenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.,注：Theproblem（discussedyesterday）hassomethingtodowithdailylife.（表示完成）Theproblem（beingdiscussednow）hasnothingtodowithdailylife.（表示正在进行）,II.Pastparticiplesusedaspredictive（表语）1.过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。Thewindowisbroken.Theinnergatewaslocked.Shewasgreatlyexcited.,2.与现在分词作表语的区别。现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人”，有主动意思。,e.g.Howdisappointingtheelectionis!,过去分词：主语的感受，“感到”，有被动意思。,e.g.Theyfeeldisappointedattheelection.,常见的这类此有：interestinginterestedencouragingencourageddelightingdelighteddisappointingdisappointedpleasingpleasedpuzzlingpuzzledsatisfyingsatisfiedsurprisingsurprisedworrying-worried,III.PastparticipleusedastheObjectComplement(宾语补足语),1.表“希望，要求”的动词：want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)done表示“希望/要求某人或某事被”,e.g.Iwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.,Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.,2.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：,see,hear,find,feel,think,watch,notice+object(宾语)+p.p.,e.g.Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.HaveyouheardapopsongsunginJapanese?,过去分词,不定式,现在分词作宾补的区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，不带to的不定式强调动作发生的全过程，现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。,Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.,Isawhercomingintotheclassroom.,Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.,3.使役动词:,make,get,have,keep,leave,etc.,e.g.Wemustgetthetableclothwashed.=Wemustasksomebodytowashthetablecloth.Hehadhiswatchrepaired.,4.在“with/without宾语宾补(过去分词)”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。,e.g.Doyouknowthemanwithhishairtiedback?,IV.PastparticipleusedastheAdverbial(状语),过去分词作状语相当于状语从句。,e.g.1.Askedwhyhedidntdoit,hebegantocry.,过去分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句,(Whenhewas)askedwhyhedidntdoit,hebegantocry.,e.g.2.Givenmoretime,Illcatchupwithyou.,过去分词作条件状语相当于条件状语从句,(IfIam)givenmoretime,Illcatchupwithyou.,e.g.3.Bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.,过去分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句,(Becausehewas)bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.,e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.,过去分词作让步状语相当于让步状语从句,(Althoughtheyhadbeen)defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.,e.g.5.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.,表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。,Theteacherenteredtheclassroom(andhewasfollowed)byagroupofstudent.,过去分词作状语时,为了使意义更加明确,也可以在pp.前加上对应的连词when,as,if等等.,4.Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.,3.As/Becausebornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.,2.Ifgivenmoretime,Illcatchupwithyou.,1.Whenaskedwhyhedidntdoit,hebegantocry.,注意：带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式.,注意：1）现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别,_London(夜里参观伦敦)atnight,youareabitlikeinadream.,_(当有人夜里来访)atnight,youmustmakesurethevisitorreallyyourfriend.,Whenvisiting,Whenvisited,选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。,_(写完了所有的信之后)，Ihadadrinkandwentout.,Havingfinishedallmyletters,_(信写完之后)，thelettershouldbereadtotheonewhoasksyoutowriteit.,Finished,从山顶看，我们能看到一个美丽的公园。,从山顶看，公园很美丽。,Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wecanseeabeautifulpark.,Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparkisbeautiful.,_inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)_inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress),belostin；bedressedin；beinterestedin；bedevotedto；besupposedto；becaughtintherain；beseatedin；bepreparedfor；bedeterminedto,Lost,2.系表结构表示主语所处的状态,Dressed,类似的还有：,generallyspeaking一般说来,given鉴于,judgingfrom/by根据来看,judgedbyconsidering考虑到,supposingthat假如,talkingof说到,seeing(that)鉴于，由于,有些固定用法：,Exercise:,Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout2.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired,3.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled4.Withtrees,flowersandgrass_everywhere,mynativetownhadtakenanewlook.A.plantingB.plantedC.toplantD.tobeplanted,5.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell_careof.A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking6.Theresultoftheentranceexamswasnotmade_tothepublicuntillastThursday.A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.tobeknown7.Icanmakeyou_whatIsay,butyoucantmakeyourself_inEnglish.A.understand;understandB.understand;understoodC.tounderstand;understandD.understand;tobeunderstood,8.Hefoundthem_atatable_A.sat;toplaychessB.sitting;toplaychessC.seated;playingchessD.seat;playthechess9.Johnrushedoutinahurry,_thedoor_.A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left,unlockedD.toleave;unlocking,10.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem_soquickly.A.settledB.settlingC.besettledD.havingbeensettled11.Icouldfeelthewind_onmyfacefromanopenwindow.A.toblowB.blowingC.tobeblowingD.hought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(96)A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose13.Thecomputercenter,_lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.(94)A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened,14.Theresearchissodesignedthatoncenothingcanbedonetochangeit.(02)A.BeginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun15.When,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(02)A.complete