Tess of the d’Urbervilles 介绍.ppt

张帆29何丽萍31罗玉32元婷33徐娟48,托马斯哈代及其生平著作,ThomasHardy(1840-1928),Englishpoetandnovelist,famousforhisdepictionsoftheimaginarycountry“Wessex”.Hardysworksreflectedhisstoicalpessimismandsenseoftragedyinhumanlife.,Contents,BriefIntroductionMajorWorks,Born:2June1840Died:11January1928Occupation:architectwriter(Naturalist,Novelist,Poet,andShortStorywriter)afamouscriticalrealisticwriterthelastimportantnovelistoftheVictorianage,BriefIntroduction,Attheageof16,hebecameapprenticedtoalocalarchitect,buthegaveuparchitecturein1874.Becauseofmarriage,hebegantowritepoemsandnovels,whichidealizedtherurallife.Tess(1891)andJude(1896)shockedBritishpruderiesandHardywasterriblyabusedforbeing“filthy”.in1896HardyannouncedthatJudewashislastnovel,andturnedwithrelieftothewritingofpoetry.Hardysfinalyearswerefullofhonors.Hediedin1928.,HardysFirstWife,EmmaGiffordawomanofhighsocialstatus.ShehadaveryinterestingpersonalityandwasalwaysrememberbyvisitorstotheHardyhousehold.Shediedin1912.,ThomasandEmmaHardyresidedatMaxGatefrom1884onward.,DesighedbyHardyhimself,SecondwifeHardysnurse,companionandfan.,In1914,HardymarriedhissecretaryFlorenceEmilyDugdale,whowas39yearshisjunior.DuetoFlorencescare,Hardycouldremainhealthyandcontinuehiswritingcareer.,BecausemostofHardysnovelstakeplaceinthepartly-real,partly-dreamcountyofWessex,sohisnovelswerecalledWessexNovel(威塞克斯小说）.,1)NovelsofCharacterheisrepresentingthebourgeoissocietysauthority,thewealthandtheevil,Tessstragiclifeiscausedbyhim.,3,thedissolute,lascivious,schem-efulevilperson,therepresentativesofevilforce,AlecDUrberville,AngelClare,1,FreethinkingsonbornintothefamilyofaprovincialpersonanddeterminedtosethimselfupasafarmerinsteadofgoingtoCambridgelikehisconformistbrothers.,2,Atypicalyoungnineteenth-centuryprogressive,Angelseeshumansocietyasathingtoberemoldedandimproved,andheferventlybelievesinthenobilityofman,AngelClare,Revivedangelinthisworld,MiserableTess,Thereflection,AlotofreflectionwasleftbyHardythroughhiscreationofTessstragedy.Tesswasastrongwomanthroughoutthenovel.Shestoodupforherselfandrefusedtocrumbleunderpressure.ItistrueTessshoulddeserverespectbecauseofenduringagreatdealofpain.Yet,forhertragedy,itisnotpropertoblamesolelyontheunequalsocietythatTesslivedin.Readingoverthisbook,maybesomeonethinkifdoesnothavesuchunexpectedevent;,Inactually,thiswasthetimewhichshelivedandhernaturalweaknessinvestedherinthispoorsituation.CruelAlecandhispeersarethedirectreasonforherdeath,butitisAngelwhokilledherindirectlybutmorecruelly.,MensDominationoverWomeninTessoftheDUrbervilles,TessoftheDUrbervillesisamasterpiecewrittenbyThomasHardy,awell-knownEnglishrealisticwriter,andisalsoaclassictragedy.Thepaper,combiningfeminism,analyzesTesssfemalestatusanddiscloseswomensexistenceunderthepressureofmasculinetraditionalpower,fromwhichtheinevitabilityofTessstragedyjustoriginates.TesslovesAnglethatmuchbutendedherselfupinsuchmisery?Tessspurity,perfectionism,principleofequity,andpregnancyendedherselfupinhanging,aswellasmensdominationtowardswomen.,Menalwaysdominatewomen,exertingapoweroverthemwithmaleness.Therearemanyexamplesofwomenspassivitytowarddominatemen.Atlast,theacceptedpatternofsubmissivewomenbowingtodominantmenisinterrupted,andTesssactseemsheroic.Tesswasseducedbyaso-calledgentlemanAlec,andfromthenonherlifetotallychangedfromthislossofinnocence.AfterthatshemetsomeoneshelovedwithherwholeheartandlifeAngelChare.ShesatandtoldeverythingtoAngel,hopinghewouldforgiveherashewasforgivenbutshewaswrong.Shewasnotforgiven.AtlastTesswasarrestedforhermurderofthatso-calledgentleman.Duringthewholestory,therearefullofexamplesofmendominatewomen.,First,Alecsactofabuse.Themostlife-alteringunfairnessthatTessexperiencesinthenovel,isclearlythemostseriousinstanceofmaledominationofwomenspassivitytowarddominantmen.EvenAngelsloveforTess,aspureandgentleasitseems,dominatesherinanunhealthyway.AngelsubstitutesanidealizedpictureofTessscountrypurityforthereal-lifewomanthathecontinuallyrefusestogettoknow.,WhenAngelcallsTessnameslike“DaughterofNature”and“Artemis”,wefeelthathemaybedenyinghertrueselfinfavorofamentalimagethatheprefers.Thus,heridentityandexperiencesaresuppressed,albeitunknowingly.ThispatternofmaledominationisfinallyreversedwithTesssmurderofAlec,inwhich,forthefirsttimeinthenovel,awomantakesactivestepsagainstaman.Ofcourse,thisactonlyleadstoevengreatersuppressionofawomanbymen,whenthecrowdofmalepoliceofficersarrestTessatStonehenge.Nevertheless,forjustamoment,theacceptedpatternofsubmissivewomenbowingtodominantmenisinterrupted.,Second,afterAngelrevealsthatheprefersTess,TesssfriendRettyattemptssuicideandherfriendMarianbecomesaalcoholic,whichmakestheirearlierschoolgirl-typecrushesonAngelseemdisturbing.Thisdevotionisnomerelyfancifullove,butunhealthyobsession.Thesegirlsappearutterlydominatedbyadesireforamanwho,whoaretoldexplicitly,doesnotevenrealizethattheyareinterestedinhim.Thissortofunconsciousmaledominationofwomenispe