高三英语一轮复习 非谓语动词作状语课件.ppt

非谓语动词作状语,在表达一个完整意义的句子里面只能有一个谓语动词，其余附属于该句的动词都应使用非谓语的形式。动词的非谓语形式有三种：动词不定式（todo），现在分词（doing），过去分词（done），可以在句子中作不同的成分，它们又有时态和语态的变化。,不定式的时态变化：,todo,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendoingtobedone,tohavebeendone,不定式作状语,不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。,目的状语：,Tobeawinner，youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.,Tocompletetheprojectintime，thestaffwereworkingatweekends.,“为了.”,Bobtookdownmytelephonenumbersoasnottoforgetit.,不定式用于so.asto.；such.asto；enoughto.；too.to；onlyto等结构中往往用来作结果状语:,Heissuchafoolastothinkthathisidlechattercaninfluenceothers.,Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlytobetoldalltheticketshadbeensoldout.,结果状语：,Imtootiredtostayuplonger.,不定式的被动态,原因状语：,不定式与形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这些形容词主要有：happy，kind，surprised，frightened，angry，shocked，glad，delighted，disappointed等。,Imverygladtohearthenews.,Imonlytoogladtohavepassedtheexam.,YouwillneverknowhowhappyIwastoseeheryesterday.,不定式的完成式,注意：,在“主语+系动词+表语（adj.）+todo”结构中，句子的主语与不定式有逻辑上的被动关系，且形容词表示主语的性质或特征，这时，需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。用于此种结构的形容词常有：easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等。,Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.,Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.,现在分词的时态、语态变化：,doing,havingdonebeingdone,havingbeendone,过去分词无变化,现在分词作状语,主动、进行,分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则一般不能使用分词作状语。,Hearingthenews，theygotexcited.,Whentheyheardthenews,theygotexcited.,Becarefulwhile/whenyoucrossthestreet.,Becarefulwhile/whencrossingthestreet.,Havingbeentoldmanytimes，hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.,Thoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes，hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.,Havingbeenbittenbyasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.,Aftershehadbeenbittenbyasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.,现在分词的完成被动态,过去分词作状语,被动、完成,Theteachercameintothelab，followedbysomestudents.,Givenachance，Icansurprisetheworld.,IfIamgivenachance，Icansurprisetheworld.,Whenoneisofferedhelp,oneoftensays“Thankyou”or“Itskindofyou”.,Whenofferedhelp,oneoftensays“Thankyou”or“Itskindofyou”.,复习：with复合结构,with复合结构表伴随,todo,将来,doing,主动、正在进行,done,被完成,Withsomuchworktodo，Icantgoswimmingwithyou.,Withsomanypeoplelookingather，shefeltnervous.,Withtheirworkfinished,theywenthome.,Istoodbeforeherwithmyheartbeatingfast.,独立主格结构,非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语往往与句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。,Lotsofhomeworktodo，Ihavetostayhomeallday.,Manythingstosettle,themanagerlooksworried.,todo表将来,Theguideleadingtheway，wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.,Thequestionbeingdiscussed，amancameupwithapracticalsolution.,现在分词（doing）表主动、进行