Non-FiniteVerbs非限定动词、非谓语动词.ppt

Warm-upExercise,People_(travel)longdistancesfrequentlyhave_(decide)whethertheywouldprefer_(go)byland,sea,orair,Hardlyanyonecanpositivelyenjoy_(sit)inatrainformorethanafewhours.TrainCompartmentsarelikely_(get)crowdedandstuffy.Itisalmostimpossible_(take)yourmindoffthejourney._(read)isonlyapartialsolution,forthemonotonousrhythmofthewheels_(click)onrailssoonlullsyoutosleep.Atnight,whenyoureallywish_(go)tosleep,yourarelymanage_(do)so.Ifyouareluckyenough_(find)acouchette,youspendhalfthenight_(stare)atthesmallbluelightintheceiling.Asaresult,youarriveatyourdestinationalmost_(exhaust).,Non-FiniteVerbs非限定动词又称非谓语动词,?Questions?,为什么称为非限定动词？不受主语的人称和数的限制为什么称为非谓语动词？不能单独作谓语有几种形式？不定式（infinitive）动名词（gerund）现在分词（presentparticiple）分词（participle）过去分词（pastparticiple）,?Questions?,可作什么句法成分？,Exercise&Explanation,Gap-Filling:_(try)toforgetonespastisimpossible(Trying/Totry)动名词和不定式都可充当句子的主语。在多数情况下，选择动名词还是不定式作主语对句意影响不大。抽象，有普遍意义的或概念化的动作常用动名词。有些动名词已几乎成为了表示动作的名词，如：reading，writing，swimming，smoking，jogging，learning，cooking。TrueorFalse:A.ItisimpossibletotrytoforgetonespastB.Itisimpossibletryingtoforgetonespast(A.TrueB.False)句型：Itis(im-)possibletodosth.,OForFORA.Itsdifficult_ustogettogether.B.Itsthoughtful_yourmothertogetthefoodreadyA.forB.of句型：Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.这类形容词有：easy,difficult,hard,impossible,possible,necessary,important,essential,easy,useless,convenient句型：Itis+adj.+ofsb.todosth.表示一个人的特性而不是动作本身的性质，用of引导不定式的逻辑主语，这类形容词包括：good,kind,clever,foolish,stupid,silly,careless,nice,polite,right,bad,wrong,cruel,generous,unselfish,thoughtful,considerate,wise等。E.g.Itsverykindofyoutocometoseeme.=Youareverykindtocometoseeme.Itscleverofthispolicemantopretendtobeadriver,Exercise&Explanation,SentenceCompletionA.Itisnouse_(ask)meforhelp.B.Itisofnouse_(cry)overspiltmilk.A.askingB.tocry句型：Itisnouse+doing(sth.)Itsnouse(good)后接动名词，表示“是没有用的”Itsnotmuchgoodworryingfornothing.句型：Itisofnouse+todo(sth.),Exercise&Explanation,TrueorFalse?TheboysingsdelightedhisparentsFalse动名词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，须用所有格表示：Theboyssingingdelightedhisparents比较：A.HeinsistedonpayingthemoneyB.HeinsistedonmypayingthemoneyA.他坚持付钱。和主句主语相同B.(他坚持要我付钱。)和主句主语不同，须用所有格my表示付钱的人,TranslationC.约翰缺席带给我很多的麻烦。_gavemealotoftroubleD.他很有钱是事实。_istrueE.我不喜欢他们说别人的坏话。Idontlike_illofothers.F.我很高兴考完试了。Iamgladof_C.JohnsbeingabsentD.HisbeingrichE.their(them)speakingF.theexaminationbeingover动名词复合结构当主语时，必须用所有格；但当宾语时可用所有格或宾格动名词的逻辑主语是无生命事物时，不必用所有格，用“主格”即可,Exercise&Explanation,SentenceCompletionA.Myassignmentis_(write)areportonourexperimentB.Herjobis_(wait)ontables(当服务员)。A.towriteB.waiting不定式表示相对具体的动作或行为，而动名次表示相对抽象、普遍或经常性的情况,SentenceCompletionA.Whatyoumustdotodayis_(findout)whowasinvolvedB.TheonlythingIdidyesterdaywas_(finish)myessayC.Thebestway_(memorize)newwordsistolearntousethemD.Mydecisionisforthem_(undertake)theprojectA.(to)findoutB.(to)finishC.tomemorizeD.toundertake以上句式中经常用不定式A、B两种情况中，to也可省略，条件是主句中有实义动词do出现做谓语。,补语,不定式、动名词和分词都能充当表语（主语补语），难点是现在分词与过去分词之分。分词作表语时具有形容词性质，说明主语的状态或特点。分词作表语主要限于表示人内心活动的词，也就是情感、情绪、感觉之类的词，主要有：please，delight，surprise，shock(震惊)，astonish(惊讶)，disappoint，touch(感动)，move，encourage，discourage，tire(累)，exhaust(使人疲倦)，bore(使人心烦)，puzzle(困惑)，confuse，worry，excite，frighten(使害怕)，scare，terrify，amuse，amaze(使惊讶)，comfort，relax，refresh，relieve，hurt，irritate(使生气)，interest，fascinate。这些词均为及物动词。Englishisinterestingtome.Iwastired.,SentenceCompletionYourresultofthetestis_(disappoint).Im_(disappoint)withyourstudy.Thegirlwastoo_(frighten)tomoveThesceneoftheaccidentwas_(frighten).A.disappointing(令人失望)B.disappointed(对你的成绩表示失望)C.frightenedD.frightening现在分词与过去分词的区别在于前者表示“给人的感觉使人感到”而后者表示主语本身的感受。所以主语肯定是有生命的。公式是：主语的感觉用ed，主语给别人的感觉用ing。,动名词(gerund)?分词(participle)?A.asleepingcarB.asleepingbabyC.avisitingcardD.avisitingprofessorA.gerund:acarforsleepingB.participle:ababywhoissleepingC.gerund:acarforvisitingD.participle:aprofessorwhoisvisiting(客座教授)动名词表示“用途或目的”，awashingmachineawritingbrush(毛笔)，adininghall，aswimmingpool分词表示“动作或状态”。,Exercise&Explanation,Translationadevelopingcountryadevelopedcountryfallingsnowflakesfallenleavesthechangingworldthechangedcityamovingobjectabrokenobjectasleepingbabyadesertedbabyfreezingcoldafrozenriver现在分词表示正在进行或主动的动作过去分词表示完成或被动的动作,ChoiceA.birds(tofly,flying)abovetheforestB.anation(tobelong,belonging,belonged)toAsiaC.children(playing,played)gamesoutsideD.agame(playing,played)worldwideA.Flying(正在进行)B.Belonging(主动的性质)C.Playing(主动)D.played(被动)SentenceCompletionE.ahospital_(重建之中的医院)F.thehospital_lastyear(去年建的医院)G.thehospital_nextyear(明年建的医院)H.workers_thishospital(医院的建设者)E.beingrebuiltF.builtG.tobebuiltH.building,考试的难点在于分词词组和不定式作定语。充当定语的现在分词词组表示正在进行某种活动或主动的性质，分词被动式表示一个正在进行的被动动作过去分词表示完成或被动，不定式的定语用途之一是表示要进行的动作。,SentenceCompletionA.Thereishardlyanything_(do)B.Shehasnothing_(do)alldayC.Thefirstperson_(taste)crabsisthoughttobebraveA.todoB.todoC.totaste不定式的定语功能还表现在下列场合:havesthtodo(及物动词)thereissthtodo(tobedone)first，last和best后SheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheofficeThebestthingforyoutodoistakeittocourt,SentenceCompletionA.Failure_(be)punctualisasignofdisrespect(不遵守时间是对别人不敬)B.Weappreciateyoureffort_(improve)peopleslife(我们赞赏你们为改善人民生活做出的努力)。A.tobeB.toimprove有些动词要求不定式充当其宾语，这些动词的名词形式往往接不定式充当定语。这些词有：hope，wish，failure，aim，determination，decision，refusal，plan，desire，urge，impulse，compulsion，choice，endeavor(努力)，demand，expectation，permission，tendency，inclination(倾向)，其它类名词有：willingness(愿意)，reluctance(不愿意)，effort(努力)，attempt(尝试)，ability，power(能力)，freedom,Exercise&Explanation,Gap-FillingA.Cancerisnoteasy_(cure).B.Sheiseasy_(talk).C.Thishouseiscomfortable_(live)D.Thisbossishard_(getalong).E.Englishisdifficultforme_(learn)A.tocureB.totalktoC.toliveinD.togetalongwithE.tolearn(但不能说：ImdifficulttolearnEnglish.)不定式作定语时，若主语与动词有动宾关系（所修饰的词为其逻辑宾语时），必须是及物动词，不及物动词要接相应的介词。,Gap-FillingA.Sheiswilling_(lookafter)mydaughterduringmyabsenceB.Thisteamislikely(unlikely)_(defeat)itsrivalC.Theyarecertain_(win)thegameA.tolookafterB.todefeatC.towin有些形容词必须接不定式结构，可作为句型来记:adj.+todosthD.Imsorry_(give)youtrouble.E.Shecantbemoreanxious_(know)whathappenedtoherhusbandD.togiveE.toknow这些句子中的不定式有自己的宾语，其它用于此句式的形容词有上述表达感觉的过去分词，如：surprised，pleased，还有sorry，happy，lucky，ashamed，proud，anxious，eager，afraid，curious，hesitant等表示情感或心情的词。,宾语,Gap-FillingA.Ididntexpect_(meet)youhereB.Theyoungtend_(be)moreopen-mindedC.Dontpretend_(know)whenyoudontD.Later，hedecided_(apologize)toherforhisrudenessA.tomeetB.tobeC.toknowD.toapologizeV+todo句式要求不定式充当宾语的词主要有：aim，intend，tend，agree，afford，fail，plan，decide，hesitate，hope，wish，promise，volunteer(自愿)，learn，manage，choose，want，determine(resolve)(决心)，expect，long(渴望)，refuse，decline，endeavor，seek，pretend,Gap-FillingA.Ienjoy_(work)withthosewhoarehumorousB.Wouldyoumind(explain)itagain?C.Theyarenotongoodterms，sotheytrytoavoid_(meet)eachotherD.Haveyoufinished_(read)thisnovel?A.workingB.explainingC.meetingD.readingV+doing句式必须接动名词的动词包括：admit，anticipate(预料)，appreciate(感谢，赞赏)，avoid，consider，delay，deny(否定)，dislike，enjoy，escape，finish，forgive，keep，mind，postpone，practise(练习)，suggest，risk，canthelp，stand(tolerate)(忍受)，feellike,有些带to的词组中to是介词，小心出错；不能用动词原形。be(get)usedtodoing(习惯于)，beaccustomedto(习惯于)，prefersthtosth，bedevotedto，beopposedto，objectto，taketo(喜欢上)，lookforwardto(盼望)，giveuponeselfto，bereducedto(沦为)，putonesmindto下列词接不定式和动名词意义相同：prefer，continue，like，love，hate，start，begin，propose，,Gap-FillingA1.Itried_(getup),onlytofallagain.(试图站起来)。A2.ShedoesntunderstandEnglish.Try_(speak)Frenchtoher(英语不懂，用法语试试)。B1.Iregret_(say)thatyoufailedagainB2.Iregret_(say)somethingnastytoher(后悔说了些难听话)。C1.Imeant_(say)somethingniceforyou,butinvain.C2.Wastingtimemeans_(commit)suicide(浪费时间意味着自杀)。A1.togetupA2.speakingB1.tosayB2.sayingC1.tosayCmitting,有些词接不定式或动名词意义不同：trytodo(试图，努力做什么)trydoing(做尝试，看是否奏效)。regrettodo(遗憾地说、通知或告诉某人)regretdoing(后悔以前的言行)meantodo(意图是)meandoing(意味着)rememberdoing(havingdone)记得以前做过什么remembertodo(记住要做什么)=nottoforgettodoforgettodo(忘了做什么，此事没做)forgetdoing(记不清是否做过),Exercise&Explanation,Gap-FillingA.Thisshirtneeds_(wash).B.Ineed_(wash)thisshirtA.washing(tobewashed)(被动)B.towash(主动)need很特殊，被动意义时动名词用主动式，而不定式要用被动式。,Gap-FillingA.Pleaseallowme_(introduce)myselfB.Youhavetoforceyourself_(giveup)smokingC.Godadvisedhim_(get)busyD.Wewerewarned_(go)outatnightA.tointroduceB.togiveupC.togetD.nottogoV+sb(sth)todo此类动词主要有：allow，forbid(禁止)，permit(允许)，teach，allow，ask，compel(迫使)，force，oblige(强迫)，expect，persuade(说服)，advise(劝)，incite，cause，enable(使能)，get，urge，encourage，order，warn，show,用不定式结构改写下列从句：A.HedidnttellmehowheshouldcookfishBLetmeshowyouhowweshouldoperatethismachine.A.HedidnttellmehowtocookfishBLetmeshowyouhowtooperatethismachine.句型：S+V+（宾语）+疑问词+to不定式TranslationC.Samislearning_.（正在学开车）D._isadifficultproblem.（何时转弯）E.Anotherproblemis_.（何处停车）C.howtodriveacar（作宾语）D.Whentoturnthecorner（作主语）E.wheretostopthecar（作表语/补语）疑问词+to不定式=名词短语。因含有名词的性质，可以作主语、宾语或表语。,Gap-FillingA.Didyouseeanybody_(take)mydictionaryaway?B.EachtimeIlookedup，Ifoundhim_(smile)C.Theywereshockedtofindtheirhouse_(break)inA.takeB.smilingC.brokenV+sb.do,V+sb.doing,V+sthdone感官动词用于上述三种结构。但意义不同，感官动词包括：feelfindsee，hear，watch，observe，listento，noticeseesb.doseesb.doing和seesthdone的区别在于：看到动作整个过程(do往往是非延续性动词，如：open，standup，leave，comein，goout，close，fall，geton)。或不强调某人正在干什么，用动词原形：发现或看到某人正在干什么，用现在分词(动词往往是延续性的)：被动的，已完成的动作用过去分词表示：D.Suddenlyshefeltsomeone_(pat)herontheshoulderE.Icanhearsomeone_(sing)nextdoorF.IveneverheardanyEnglish_(speak).D.patE.singingF.spoken,Gap-FillingA.Somepeoplemadethem_(tell)lies.B.Theyweremade_(tell)liesC.Sheleftthechild_(cry)(让孩子一个劲哭).D.Theteacherwantedtheroom_(clean)(希望有人打扫房间).A.tellB.totellC.cryingD.cleaned适用于V+sbdo的其它动词有：make，let，help谓语动词被动时要用to。适用于V+sbdoing的其它动词有：keep(使一直)，leave(使处于状态)，send(使突然开始)，set(sbthinking)，start，catch(sbcheating)smell例如：keepsbwaiting(让某人久等)，sendsbrunningaway(使某人跑开)，smellsthburning(闻着糊味)。starttheclockgoing(让表走)用于V+sbdone句型的其它动词有：make，get，want，例如：makemyselfunderstood(使别人理解我)，makethesechangesfelt(使别人感觉到变化)，getsthdone(把某事完成)。但leave经常与否定的过去分词连用：leavethejobunfinished,“have这个词需要特别注意。请看下列句子：lhavealettertowriteThenursehadthechildrengotobedearlyThescientisthadhisdiscoveriesreportedinmanymagazinesInthreeyearstimeIhadthelandproducinggoodcropsImgoingtohavethispapertranslated这些句子说明have的宾语情况复杂。第一句towrite为定语，类似havenothingtodo；第二句中的have(意为cause)接不带to的不定式意为“使干什么”；在第三句中have的意义为“遭受，经历”如：haveonesownheadcutoff，havemypursestolen，havemyfoothurt；与第5句不同，此时have的意义为“使被”，也就是“请别人干”；第四句中的用法不常见。意义为“处于状态”动作为主动。,Gap-FillingA.Allthesevariationsmakeitdifficultforaforeignstudent_(know)exactlyhowtobehave这些差异使留学生很难确切知道该怎样行为。B.Hisfewmaterialpossessionsmakeitpossibleforhim_(move)fromplacetoplacewithease(不能说makehimpossible)他拥有物很少，这使他有可能轻易地到处流浪。C.Wethinkitnecessaryforyou_(talk)thematteroverwithher我们觉得你有必要与她商谈此事。A.toknowB.tomoveC.totalk典型句型：find(think,feel,deem,make)it+形容词+forsbtodo用于此结构的形容词主要是：hard，easy，difficult，possible，impossible，necessary,典型句型,在下列结构中，介词in在-ing前可以省略。bebusydoingspend(waste，pass)onestimedoinghave(find)somedifficulty(trouble)doinghaveagood(hard)timedoingThereisno(point，sense)doing(没用),Gap-FillingA._(look)upfromthebook，shesawotherstudentslookingatherB._(read)ReadersDigest，shekeptthinkingofherownlifeC._(work)inthisdepartmentforovertenyears,thisdoctorhasmademanyfriendsD._(heat)to100，waterwillboilA.Looking(先抬头，后看到别人，两个动作，先发生的用分词，特点是第一个动作瞬间完成，第二个动作紧跟，分词不必用完成时)B.Reading(边读边想，同时)C.Havingworked(完成时表示的动作先于主句动作，而且有次数，时间长度或数量词出现。如果用状语从句要用完成时，分词肯定要用完成时)D.Heated(水要被加热，而且用状语从句表示要用一般时，所以前面不要加being，过去分词本身表示被动)分词充当状语情况也比较复杂，涉及现在分词和过去分词，分词被动式，也涉及分词一般时和完成时之分。,状语,填空并说明分词结构用作何种状语A.Thesheepandrabbitwereplayingonthegrass，_(not,know)awolfwascomingtowardsthemB._(not,hear)fromhisparentsforalmostamonth,heisbeginningtofeelworriedC.ThePalaceMuseum,also_(know)astheForbiddenCity，wasbuiltmorethan500yearsagoD.Thelittlegirlwent_(tiptoe)outoftheroomE.Theycametotheofficeforyetanothermeeting,_(think)thatasolutionwouldcomeupF.Thestudentsfilleveryshop,cinemaandcafe，_(make)theseplacespartoftheuniversityaswellA.notknowing(伴随情况)B.Nothavingheard(完成时否定，不能把not放在having后面)C.known(过去分词经常用于此结构，有补充说明含意)D.tiptoeing(方式状语)E.thinking(伴随状语，两句之前不能加上and)F.Making(不妨理解为结果状语),注意同一词的四种形式！,请指出下列句中分词的含义：A.TranslatingthisbookintoChinese，thisagedscholarspentmanysleeplessnightsB.TranslatedintoChineselastyear，thisbookbecameanimmediatesuccessonthemarketC.HavingtranslatedthisbookintoChinese，thisagedscholargaveasighofreliefD.Havingbeentranslatedintomanylanguages,thesefablesareknownallovertheworldA.(译书过程中)B.(被译成汉语)C.(已译完)D.(已译为多种语言),Exercise&Explanation,TrueorFalseA.Beingseriouslyill，hecouldhardlyspeak.B.Beingseriouslyill，doctorsdecidedtogivehimanoperation.C.Lookingoutofthewindow，wecouldseeatallbuilding.D.Lookingoutofthewindow，therewasatallbuilding.A.()B.()C.()D.()不论分词充当何类状语，一个普通的规律是：从句的主语要与主句主语一致也就是说，两个动作是由同一人或物完成。,Exercise&Explanation,TranslationA.若是天气许可，我们明天要去野餐。Weather_，wewillhaveapicnictomorrowB.夕阳西下了，我们就动身回家。Thesun_,westartedforhomeC.因为没有出租车，我们只好走路。There_notaxi,wehadtowalkA.permitting(=Iftheweatherpermits，)B.havingset(=Asthesunhadset,)C.being(=Astherewasnotaxi,)在分词短语中，分词意义上的主语与主句的主语不同时，就称为独立结构。,TranslationA.Heenjoyslisteningtomusicwithhiseyes_.他喜欢闭着眼睛听音乐。B.Hecameoutoftheroomwithhiseyes_他走出房间时，眼睛闪着亮光。C.Dontspeakwithyourmouth_嘴里吃着东西时不要讲话。D.Motherlookedatmewithtears_母亲含着泪看着我。A.closedB.shillingC.fullD.inhereyes句型：S+V(,)with+O+V-ing/V-ed/adj./介词短语介词with可以引导一个短语，做为附带说明前面句子中主语的状况，这个短语中的动词一律以分词出现，做“with”后面宾语的补语。这种短语中除了分词外，还可以用形容词或介词短语。,用分词改写下列句子：LookoutwhenyoucrossthestreetwhencrossingthestreetWhilehewassittinginclass，hefellasleepWhilesittinginclass，NobodycanexpecttobeamusicianunlesshewastrainedyoungunlesstrainedyoungCancerislikelytobecuredifitisdetectedearlyifdetectedearlyHestoodbythewindow，asifhewaswaitingforsomething,asifwaitingforsomethingThoughhewasseriouslywounded，thesoldierwentonshootingThoughseriouslywounded，分词作状语时，有时前面可加上连词，如：while，when，once，if，unless，asif，though但after和before常被看到是介词，用时要小心。JeffersonwasasuccessfullawyerbeforegettinginvolvedinpoliticsTheseinstrumentsmustbesterilizedafterbeingused,必须记住的固定搭配!,Gap-FillingA.Strictly_(speak)，therearenorealsynonymsB._(consider)difficultiesinvolved,thisprojectisnotworthwhileC._(give)thewidespreadfear,policymakershadtobemoreprudentA.speakingB.ConsideringC.Given某些惯用语已经失去分词的特性，主要有：generally(strictly，broadly)speaking，judgingfrom，considering，takingeverythingintoconsideration，regarding，seeingthat，provided(只要)，given(granted)(假定真实)不定式也有些固定搭配，充当插入语：totellthetruth(说实话)，toputitanotherway(换言之)，tobeplainwithyou(坦白说)，tomakemattersworse(更糟的是)，tocutalongstoryshort(长话短说)，tobehonest(老实说)，tobefrank(坦率地说)，tobebrief(简单地说)，sotospeak(可谓是),TranslationYouhadbetter_there(你最好不要去那里。)Iwouldrather_than_it(我宁死也不愿做这种事。)Hedoesnothingbut_allday(他整天只是玩。)Icannotbut_(我无法不笑。)Hemayaswell_so(他尽可以这么说。)What(=Allthat)Ihavetodois_arest(我所要做的是休息。)A.notgoB.diedoC.playD.laughE.sayF.take以下所列之惯用语，其后须接原形动词。hadbetter(最好)wouldrather=hadrather(宁愿)donothingbut(只是)cannotbut(不得不)maywell(有足够的理由)maymightaswell(不妨，倒不如)All(A)havetodois(to)(A所要做的是),Gap-Filling(inorderto,to,enoughto,soasto,onlytooto,onlyto)Hemakes_littlemoney_supporthimselfIllbe_pleased_seeyou很高兴见到你。Shehas_experience(experience_)_workasamanager.Wouldyoubekind_drivemehome?Howcanyoube_rude_keeptheguestswaiting?_getgoodscores,sheisspendingonedayastwo.Theyarerunningtothestation_catchthetrainTheJapanesesentoutover300planes,_losemostofthemTheyparted，never_seeeachotheragainA.tooto太不能B.onlytooto表示肯定意义(veryto)C.enoughtoD.enoughto很能(enough在放在形容词，副词之后)E.soasto太竟然F.InordertoG.soasto（inorderto,soasto，to表示目的）H.onlytoI.toto也可表示结果，表示“出乎预料”的结果。前面往往加上only。不定式可以表示结果或目的,Homework,1.People_(travel)longdistancesfrequentlyhave_(decide)whethertheywouldprefer_(go)byland,sea,orair,Hardlyanyonecanpositivelyenjoy_(sit)inatrainformorethanafewhours.TrainCompartmentsarelikely_(get)crowdedandstuffy.Itisalmostimpossible_(take)yourmindoffthejourney._(read)isonlyapartialsolution,forthemonotonousrhythmofthewheels_(click)onrailssoonlullsyoutosleep.Atnight,whenyoureallywish_(go)tosleep,yourarelymanage_(do)so.Ifyouareluckyenough_(find)acouchette,youspendhalfthenight_(stare)atthesmallbluelightintheceiling.Asaresult,youarriveatyourdestinationalmost_(exhaust).,2.Noonecanavoid_(influence)byadvertisements.Muchaswemayprideourselvesonourgoodtaste,wearenolongerfree_(choose)thethings,wewant,for_(advertise)exertsasubtleinfluenceonus.Intheirefforts_(persuade)us_(buy)thisorthatproduct,advertisershavemadeaclosestudyofhumannature.3._(go)throughtheCustomsisatiresomebusiness.Thestrangestthingaboutitisthatreallyhonestpeopleareoftenmade_(feel)guilty.The_(harden)professionalsmuggler(走私者),ontheotherhand,neverfeels_(trouble),evenifhehas500goldwatches_(hide)inhissuitcase._(return)fromabroadrecently,Iwasthought_(be)apossiblesmugglerbyayoungCustomsOfficer.Haveyouanything_(declare)?heasked,_(look)meintheeye.No,Iansweredconfidently,_(smile).Wouldyoumind_(unlock)thissuitcaseplease?Notatall,Ianswered.,4._(cook)inbeer,fishmighttasteb