《商务口译Idioms》PPT课件.ppt

InterpretingIdioms,A.DefinitionofIdiomsandTheirScope/Range,Anidiomcanbedefinedasagroupofwordswithameaningdifferentfromthecombinedmeaningsofitscomponentwords.Itisacombinationoftwoormorewordswhichareusuallystructurallyfixedandsemanticallyhardtounderstand,andfunctionasasingleunitofmeaning.Forexample,“redtape”isanEnglishidiomwhichmeans“officialrulesandproceduresthatseemunnecessaryandcausedelay.”Thusonecanhardlyguessitsmeaningfromtheindividualwordsthatformit,forthesewordshavealreadylosttheiroriginalmeaning.Andidiomscanbeunderstoodbothinabroadsenseandinanarrowsense.Inthenarrowsense,theyrefertothesetphrasesorclausesusedinalanguage.Broadlyspeaking,theycomprisealltheidiomaticandspecialexpressionsinthatlanguage,namely,alltheset,phrases,colloquialisms（口语）,proverbs（谚语格言）,slang（俚语黑话）andclichs（陈词滥调）inEnglish,andallthefour-charactersetphrases（成语）,commonsayings（俗语）,proverbsandtwo-partallegorical,liriklsayings（歇后语）(ofwhichthefirstpartisdescriptiveandthesecondpartcarriesthemeaning)inChinese.,B.WaystoHandleIdioms,a)BorrowingorIdiomforidiom,Forexample:Wheretheresawill,theresaway.有志者事竟成。Strikewhiletheironishot.Makehaywhilethesunisout.趁热打铁。Allgoodthingsmustcometoanend.天下没有不散的筵席。Afallintothepit,againinyourwit.吃一堑，长一智。,杀鸡取卵。Tokillthegoosethatlaysgoldeneggs.一箭双雕。Tokilltwobirdswithonestone.三思而后行。Lookbeforeyouleap.无风不起浪。Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.谋事在人，成事在天。Manproposes,Goddisposes.滴水穿石。Constantdrippingwearsthestone.熟能生巧。Practicemakesperfect.天道酬勤.天无绝人之路.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.,b)LiteralTranslation,留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。Therellneverbeashortageoffirewoodaslongasgreenhillsremain;aslongasgreenmountainsarethere,oneneednotworryaboutfirewood;Wherethereislife,thereishope.易如反掌。Aseasyasturningoveroneshand/palm;childsplay,apieceofcake.,海内存知己，天涯若比邻。Abosomfriendafarbringsadistantlandnear;abosomfriendafarmakestheworldsmaller;longdistanceseparatesnobosomfriends.君子动口不动手。Agentlemanuseshistongue,butnothisfists.千里之行，始于足下。Athousand-lijourneyisstartedbytakingthefirststep.,良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。Goodmedicineisbitterinthemouth,butgoodforthedisease.兼听则明，偏听则暗。Listentobothsidesandyouwillbeenlightened;heed（听某人劝告）onlyonesideandyouwillbebenighted（蒙昧的）.血浓于水。Bloodisthickerthanwater.,如风卷残云一般。Likeawhirlwind（旋风）scatteringwisps（一缕）ofcloud.癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉。Yourelikeatoadtryingtoswallowaswan!忙忙如丧家之犬，急急如漏网之鱼。Stealthily（偷偷摸摸的）asstraydogs,swiftlyasfishescapingfromthenet.巧妇难为无米之炊。Eventhecleveresthousewifecannotmakeamealwithoutrice.杨宪益,c)FreeTranslationorParaphrasing,王小二过年，一年不如一年。tobegoingfrombadtoworse;tobedeteriorating.碰一鼻子灰tobesnubbed（冷落）;tomeetwitharebuff（粗暴回绝）;toberejected.擀面杖吹火一窍不通toknowpracticallynothingabout,木已成舟，只好如此了。Whatsdoneisdone,andcannotbeundone三个臭皮匠，顶（赛过）个诸葛亮。Threecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequal/surpassZhugeLiangthemastermind（足智多谋的人）;Twoheadsarebetterthanone.,打开窗子说亮话。Franklyspeaking;Letsnotmincematters.Letsspeakfrankly.狐假虎威likeadonkey/anassinlionsskin一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。Oneboyisaboy,twoboyshalfaboy,threeboysnoboy;Everyonesbusinessisnobodysbusiness.,C.PracticalAdviceforHandlingIdioms,a)Renderthemeaning,notmerewordsinthelightofthecontext,中国人民解放军70年的历史，是从小到大，从弱到强的发展。TheseventyyearshistoryofthePLAisahistoryofitsgrowthinsizeandstrength.(Butnot“fromweaktostrong”andfromsmalltolarge”.)别跟他争了，他已经是风烛残年的人了Dontarguewithhim.Hehasalreadygotonefootinthegrave.会上出现了很长时间的僵局。Itwasalongtimebeforesomeonebroketheiceatthemeeting.,b)Donotmisuseforeignidiomsininterpreting,Weshouldavoidusingseeminglyidenticalbutactuallyerroneousirunjsidiomsininterpreting.（Falsefriend)你可不能食言啊！Youcantbreakyourpromise.Youcanteatyourwords.（承认自己说了错话）你可别拖后腿呀！Youshouldnotstandinhisway.Youshouldnotpreventhimfromgoing.Youarepullingmyleg.你在开玩笑。,望文生义而造成误译。Pullsbsleg误译：拖后腿正译：愚弄某人，开某人玩笑toplaytricksonsb./makefunofsb.Moveheavenandearth误：翻天覆地正：千方百计，想方设法tryonesbestto/tryeveryoceansleavenostoneunturnedChildsplay误：儿戏正：简单的东西，容易的事情apieceofcake,Eatoneswords误：食言正：承认自己说错了话Dog-eat-dog误：狗咬狗正：残酷争夺，人吃人的关系Makeoneshairstandonend误：令人发指/怒发冲冠正：毛骨悚然,补充：歇后语的译法：普通比喻的歇后语，我们一般可采用直译。丈八的灯台照见人家，照不见自己。Likeaten-footlampstandthatshedlightonothersbutnoneonitself.一条绳拴着两蚂蚱，谁也跑不了。Liketwograsshopperstiedtoonecord:neithercangetaway.哑巴吃黄连，有苦说不出。Likethedumbmaneatingthebitterherb,hehadtosufferthebitternessofitinsilence.要马儿跑又要马儿不吃草Youcantmakeyourhorseworkwithoutfeedingher.,有些歇后语很形象，但由于汉英两种文字在文化和语言上的差异，那不得不改变一下原来的形象，用读者熟悉的比喻来翻译。肉包子打狗，一去不回头啊！Adoggivenabonewhodoesntcomebackformore.猫哭老鼠假慈悲shedcrocodiletears一人得道，鸡犬升天Eventhedogswaggerswhenitsmasterwinfavor.十五个吊桶打水，七上八下。ItwasasiftheswordofDamocleshungover(sb.shead),达摩克利斯之剑对应的英文是TheSwordofDamocles，用来表示时刻存在的危险。源自古希腊传说：迪奥尼修斯国王请他的大臣达摩克利斯赴宴，命其坐在用一根马鬃悬挂的一把寒光闪闪的利剑下，由此而产生的这个外国成语，意指令人处于一种危机状态，“临绝地而不衰”。或者随时有危机意识，心中敲起警钟等。,歇后语带有浓重的中国民族色彩，如有包含古代人名、地名、典故，牵涉中国特有的风俗习惯和佛教等，只能意译。八仙过海，各显其能。Eachofusshowshistrueworth.对后半截出现一语双关，表面上是对前半截解释，实际上表达整个上下文中完全不同的语义。骑着毛驴看书走着瞧吧。Letswaitandseewhat.擀面杖吹火一窍不通。Idontknowthefirstthing.,带有谐音词语的歇后语:孔夫子搬家，净是输（书）OnlyIfeelbadwhenweloseeveryfight.歇后语用直译加意译法黄鼠狼给鸡拜年，没安好心。Theweaselgoestopayhisrespectstothehennotwiththebestofintentions.(Whenthefoxpreaches,takecareofyourgeese.)三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。ThreecobblerswitscombinedsurpassZhugeLiangthemastermind.盲人瞎马Ablindmanonablindhorserushingheadlongtodisaster.,SomecollectedexamplesofChineseEnglishtranslations:直译加解释“铁饭碗”Theironricebowlsystem,underwhichemployeescanstayuntiltheyretire,hasbeensmashedandthecontractualemploymentsystemestablished.Underthissystem,employeescanbefirediftheycannotperformwell.(permanentjobonceassigned)“铁交椅”The“ironchair”system,underwhichamanagerspositionwassecureafterpromotion,hasbeenalsoabolished.Officialswillbedismissediftheirbusinessrecordisbad.,借用对应/接近的语料：(fromthesourcelanguageorviceversa)说曹操，曹操到talkofthedevilandhewillappear冰冻长江非一日之寒Romeisnotbuiltinoneday.来得易，去得快Easycome,easygo熟能生巧Practicemakesperfect.事实胜于雄辩Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.,身教胜于言传Exampleisbetterthanprecept（规诫）.挥金如土spendmoneylikewater破釜沉舟burnonesboats/bridges入境随俗WheninRome,doasRomansdo.捷足先登Theearlybirdgets/catchestheworm.先到先得/招待Firstcome,firstserved(Firstcome,lastserved)害群之马ablacksheep出乎意料的脱颖而出adarkhorse物以类聚，人以群分Birdsofafeatureflocktogether.,.否极泰来Itsalonglanethathasnoturning.亡羊补牢，犹未为晚Itsnevertoolatetomend鼠目寸光Hecannotseebeyondhisnose.雷声大雨点小/无用的人Bigthunder,littlerain.画蛇添足/多此一举topaint/gildthelilycarrycoalstoNewcastle传译出源语的内容与意义。（保留点“中国味”）即译出隐含意义待业青年job-waitingyouth下岗工人laid-offworkers,小康水平fairlycomfortablequalityoflife廉政建设constructcleanpolitics/government以权谋私seekselfinterestsbymisusing/abusingpower;abuseonespowerforprivategains;toseekpersonalgains巧妇难为无米之炊Eventhecleveresthousewifecantcookamealwithoutrice.杨宪益夫妇译红楼梦Eventhecleveresthousewifecantmakebreadwithoutflour.D.Hawks同呼吸共命运shareeachotherswealandwoe天有不测风云Somethingunexpectedmayhappenanytime.,望子成龙/望女成凤toexpectonesson/daughtertobecomeanoutstandingpersonage热锅上的蚂蚁acatonhotbricks对你说别人坏话的人，也会说你的坏话Thedogthatwillfetchabonewillcarryabone.吵吵闹闹westillloveeachotherverymuch,butwefightlikecatanddog.倾盆大雨toraincatsanddogs绝笔swansong千方百计leavenostoneunturned,班门弄斧Teachonesgrandmothertosuckeggs.没良心的，狗咬吕洞宾，不识好歹Youungratefulthing!LikeadogthatbitLTung-PinYoubitethehandthatfeedsyou.ADreamofRedMansion杨宪益戴乃迭一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。Oneboyisaboy,twoboyshalfaboy,threeboysnoboy.Toomanycooksspoilthebroth（菜汤，肉汤）.Morehands,lesswork.,丈二金刚摸不着头脑/我刚来，真是丈二金刚摸不着头脑Beingnewhere,Imverymuchinthedarkmyself.跑了和尚跑不了庙Themonksmayrunawaybutthetemplecantrunwithit.直译与增译结合或加注释东施效颦TongShihimitatesHsiShih(HsiShihwasafamousbeautyinancientKingdomofYueh.TungShihwasanuglygirlwhotriedtoimitateherway)杨宪益译,梁山伯与祝英台ChinasRomeoandJuliet(TheButterflyLover)济公JiGong,RobinHoodinChina,robbedtherichandhelpedthepoor中文/汉语中的歇后语译法：tagphrase:humorousmoralpoints坐飞机吹喇叭想得高blowyourtrumpet,引用名言、诗词和典故（英语典故习语多来自“圣经”和希腊罗马神话）温故而知新gainnewinsightsthroughrestudyingoldmaterials/alookatthepastwillgiveonethecluetothepresent.杀鸡取卵/涸泽而渔tokillthegoosetogettheeggs出身名门望族bornwithasilverspooninhismouth,人生如梦LifeisbutanemptydreamLongfellow棘手问题Gordianknot/thornyproblem致命弱点Achillesheel潘多拉的盒子灾难、麻烦、祸害根源Pandorasbox一