《Confucism简介》PPT课件.ppt

AncientChinesePhilosophy,Confucianism,Taoism,3.TheFounderofConfucianism,Buddhism,1.NamesforConfucianisminChinese,2.DefinitionofConfucianism,4.ConfucianClassics-theSourcesofConfucianism,5.ConfucianTeachingsandBeliefsofPre-QinConfucianism,1.NamesforConfucianisminChinese,儒家Schoolofthescholars儒学Studyofthescholars儒教Teachingofthescholars“孔教TeachingofConfucius“,Theoriginalformof“jiao”：,ahandholdingastick,beatingachild,Thelaterformof“jiao”,teaching/educating,filialpiety,achildisrigorouslybroughtintoafilialrelation.,2.DefinitionofConfucianism,ConfucianismisaphilosophicalschooldevelopedfromtheteachingsofthesageConfucius(孔子),collectedintheAnalectsofConfucius(论语).Itisasystemofmoral,social,political,educationalandquasi-religiousthoughtthathashadtremendousinfluenceonChinesehistory,thought,andculturedowntothe21stcentury.,3.TheFounderofConfucianism,Fullname：KongQiu(孔丘)Birth：September28,551BC;Qufu,ChinaDeath:479BC;Qufu,ChinaStatus:philosopherpoliticalthinkereducator,孔丘（KungChiu）孔夫子（Kungfu-tze）孔子（KongZi）Confucius(latinatename)MasterKong仲尼至圣（theGreatestSage）先师（thePrimaryTeacher）万世师表（theModelTeacher）,4.ConfucianClassics-theSourcesofConfucianism,TheFiveClassicsandTheFourBooks,论语、孟子、大学、中庸,诗经、尚书、礼记、周易、春秋,Itisacollectionofsongsandpoetry-bothformalandinformal,fromimperialpoetsandfarmingpeasants.,ClassicofPoetry,e.g.,诗经硕鼠诗经周南关雎,Itisacollectionofancienthistoricaldocuments.,ClassicofHistory,Itdealswiththeprinciplesofconduct,includingtherulestobeobservedatpublicandprivateceremonies.,ClassicofRites,Itisacollectionofeighttrigramswhichconsistsolelyofbrokenandunbrokenlines.Bycombiningtheeighttrigramsingroupsoftwotrigramseach,ablockof64hexagramscanbeobtained,ClassicofChanges,ItisachronicleofmajorhistoricaleventsinfeudalChinafromthe8thcenturyB.C.tothetimeofConfuciusdeathearlyinthe5thcenturyB.C.,SpringandAutumnAnnals,TheAnalectsofConfucius,ItisacollectionofmaximsofConfuciusthatformthebasisofhismoralandpoliticalphilosophy.,ItisacollectionofteachingsofMencius,oneofConfuciusgreatfollowers.,TheBookofMencius,IthadcomefromachapterintheClassicofRites,whichdealswiththeeducationandtrainingofagentleman.,TheGreatLearning,Itisatextrichwithsymbolismandguidancetoperfectingoneself.,TheDoctrineoftheMean,Whatisknowledge?Howtolearnknowledge?Whatarethegoalsofeducation?Whoistobeeducated?Howtoteach?,Whenyouknowathing,toholdthatyouknowit;andwhenyoudonotknowathing,toallowthatyoudonotknowit-thisisknowledge.,Learningwithoutthinkingislaborlost;thinkingwithoutlearningisperilous,“Chuntzu.,Inteachingthereshouldbenodistinctionofclasses,“educatingsomeoneaccordingtohisnaturalability”,5.ConfucianTeachingsandBeliefsofPre-QinConfucianism,5.1AboutEducation,Amanofvirtueisopen-mindedandalwaysatease;amanofmeannessisfullofdistressatalltimes.,-75NobelPrizewinners,1988,Ifhumankindweretosurviveinthe21stcentury,theymustdrawwisdomfromConfucius.,温故而知新，可以为师矣。三人行必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。学而时习之，不亦乐乎？敏而好学，不耻下问。尽信书，则不如无书。,5.ConfucianTeachingsandBeliefsofPre-QinConfucianism,5.2AboutVirtues,Akingshouldruleoverhissubjects,afatherhissonandahusbandhiswife.,ThreeBasicRules:（三纲）君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲FiveConstantVirtues:(五常)：仁、义、礼、智、信,樊迟问仁。子曰：“爱人”,-论语颜渊,Translation:,“love”“humanity/humaneness”“goodness”“benevolence”,apersonorahumanbeing,“two”,Howtoput“ren”intopractice?,“忠恕”之道(LoyaltyandReciprocity),子曰：“参乎！吾道一以贯之。”曾子曰：“唯。”子出，门人问曰：“何谓也？”曾子曰：“夫子之道，忠恕而已矣。”论语李仁,子曰：“夫仁者，己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。能近取譬，可谓仁之方也已。”论语雍也,“Desiringtosustainoneself,onesustainsothers;desiringtodeveloponeself,onedevelopsothers.”,Inotherwords:己之所欲，亦施于人(“Dotootherswhatyouwishyourself.”),PositiveAspect:,子贡问曰:“有一言而可以终生行之者乎?”子曰:“其恕乎!己所不欲,勿施于人。”论语卫灵公,Donotdotootherswhatyoudo/wouldnotwantothersdotoyou.”,Donotdotootherswhatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself.”,NegativeAspect:,“孝”道(FilialPiety),Howtoput“ren”intopractice?,有子曰：“其为人也孝弟，而好犯上者，鲜矣；不好犯上，而好作乱者，未之有也。君子务本，本立而道生。孝弟也者，其为仁之本与！”论语学而,“anoldman”,“son”or“child”,theyoungsupportandlookuptotheold,Akeymanifestationoffilialpietywasancestorworship.,ancestraltablet,grave,Translation:,“righteousness”,子曰：“君子喻于义，小人喻于利。”论语里仁,TheSuperiorManisawareofrighteousness,theinferiormanisawareofadvantage.,OracleCharacter,SealCharacter,Etymology:,altar,ritualvessel,Translation:,“propriety”,“礼之用，和为贵”论语学而“Intheapplicationoftherites,harmonyistobeprized.”,仁者无忧,智者无虑,勇者无惧“thegoodarenotworried,thewisearenotconfused,andthebravearenotafraid.”,Translation:,“wisdom”,Translation:,“faithfulness”“fidelity”“trustworthiness,Xinreferstokeepingoneswordandbeingfaithful.,子曰:“人而无信,不知其可也。“论语为政“,Ifapersonlackstrustworthiness,Idontknowwhathecanbegoodfor.,”得黄金百斤,不如得季布一诺。“-史记季布栾布列传,BettertogetJiBuspromisethanonehundredjin(Chineseweightmeasurement)ofgold,Example:,apromisethatcanbecountedon,apromiseworthathousandpiecesofgold.,5.ConfucianTeachingsandBeliefsofPre-QinConfucianism,5.3AboutSociety,TheRectificationofNames(正名),Definition:Torectifynamesmeanstoknowonesrolesinthewebofrelationshipsthatcreatecommunity,andbehavingaccordinglysoastoensuresocialharmony.,齐景公问政於孔子。孔子对曰：“君君，臣臣，父父，子子。”论语颜渊“Lettherulerbetheruler,theministerminister,thefatherfather,andthesonson.”,“知道就是知道，不知道就是不知道，这就是聪明智慧。”杨伯峻.论语译著.北京：中华书局,1980.“懂就说懂，不懂就说不懂，才是聪明人。”蔡希勤.论语译著.北京：华语教学出版社。“Tosayyouknowwhenyouknow,andtosayyoudonot,thatisknowledge.”TheAnalectsofConfucius.TranslatedbyD.C.Lau.香港：香港中文大学出版社,1992.“Whenyouknowathing,torecognizethatyouknowit,andwhenyoudonotknowathing,torecognizethatyoudonotknowit.Thatisknowledge.”TheAnalectsofConfucius.ByArthurWaley.北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2003.“Totakewhatyouknowforwhatyouknow,andwhatyoudonotknowforwhatyoudonotknow,thatisknowledgeindeed.”TheAnalectsofConfucius.Tran