《情态动词讲解》PPT课件.ppt

谈谈情态动词-ModalVerbs,我们常见的英文动词有：及物动词-TransitiveVerbs不及物动词-IntransitiveVerbs,助动词-AuxiliaryVerbs联系动词-LinkVerbs和情态动词-ModalVerbs还有其他的；非谓语动词：如动词不定式，动名词,情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气或态度。情态动词可表达建议，要求，可能和意愿等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。,情态动词集锦,Possibility:Ability:Requests:Necessity:Certainty:Permission:Suggestions:Advice:,can/could,may/mightcan/could,beableto,can/could,will/would,wouldlikemust,haveto,havegotto,need,must,will,shouldcan/could,may/mightcould,may/might,shallshould,oughtto,hadbetter,常见的情态动词有：can能may可以will，would（表意愿）need需要dare敢must必须haveto不得不shall，should应该（表义务）oughtto应该,情态动词的定义:情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。,can/may/must/need问句的回答方式,疑问句式,肯定句式,否定答式,youmay.,mustnt/maynot.,youmust,neednt/donthaveto.,youmust.,neednt/donthaveto.,一.can和could用于表示“可能”或“推测”，表示说话人能，可以，准许以及客观条件许可，could为can的过去式,1.1表能力，有“能”、“会”、“能够”的意思例如：Canyoudriveacar?你会开车吗？-Yes,Ican.我会。-No,Icant.我不会。,1.2表允许，在口语中代替may，有“可以”的意思例如：CanIuseyourbike?我可以用你的自行车吗？,1.3表示可能性，常用于否定句和疑问句例如：Canitbetrue?那会是真的吗？TodayisSunday.Hecantbeatschool.今天是星期天。他不可能在学校里1.4过去式could表示的语气更加委婉、客气例如：CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?明天我可以来见你吗？,1.5.can与beabletobeableto虽然也可以译作“能”,但更强调“能力”e.g.,Willyoubeabletocome?Imabletodotheworkallbymyself.两者的用法区别在于can不能作不定式,而beableto则能e.g.,Hewill_dotheworkbetter.A.CanB.beableto答案为Bcan不用于完成时e.g.,Theyhavebeenabletousethecomputersincetheycamehere.can可用于将来时,但句中须有时间状语e.g.,Youcanusethismachinenextweek.(can意为”可以”不表能力)当然,不可以同时使用表示将来的助动词will或shall(beableto可以),过去时比较was/wereableto意含”经过努力”“凭借才能”获得的”能力”常与”manageto”相通e.g.,Hestartedearly,andhewasabletoarrivedtheearliest.Theyworkedhard,sotheywereabletodomoreforthecompany.Theywereshortofmodernmachines,buttheywereabletocompletetheprojectintime.could可表示具备能延续长时间的能力e.g.,Hecouldwritebeautifulprosewhenhewasonly5.could只表有能力，beableto还可以表示结果c.f.,Hecouldcuretheoldmansillness.(他能治好这老人的病)Hewasabletocuretheoldmansillness(他治好了这老人的病),将来时的比较can表示”能力”时,只有具备两个条件时才可用于将来时,那就是一,句子中有时间状语二,句子主语只能是第一人称e.g.,Icandotheworkbetternexttime.Youcanusethismachinenextweek.（此句can表示“可以”，不表示“能力”）,can和could表示“可能”“推测”,Hecantbeathome.(否定句)他不可能在家。,Canthenewsbetrue?这消息可能是真的吗？,Anybodycanmakeamistake.(只表示理论上的可能性)任何人都可能犯错误。,4.Atthattimewethoughtthestorycouldnotbetrue.(表示过去的可能性)那时我们认为所说的故事不可能是真的。,如果谈论过去某个时间有能力且做到了某事，用was/wereableto而不是could,Tomhasstartedanexerciseprogram.Hewasabletoruntwomilesyesterdaywithoutstopping.,在否定句中，could与was/wereableto没有区别Tomcouldntrun(wasntabletorun)fivemilesyesterday.,5.Anaccidentcanhappenifyoudothis.(表示事情肯定会发生)-如果你这样做，可能会发生以外。,二.may和might用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”,1.Itmayraintomorrow.(表示可能会发生)明天可能会下雨。,2.Itmaysnowlaterthisafternoon.(表示预测)今天下午可能会下雪。,3.Youmightberight.(表示有可能)你也许是对的。,4.Itispossiblehemayhavecalledwhilewewereout.(现在完成型mayhavecalled)当我们出门时，他有可能会打电话来。,5.Sammighthavetakenthemoney,butitseemsunlikely.(过去完成式型-mighthavetaken)钱也许会是Sam拿走的，但又不太像。,6.Ifyoutooksomeexercise,youmightnotbesofat.(might用于条件句)要是你锻炼锻炼，可能不会这样胖。,shall和will的比较,1.Ifyou_followmyadvice,I_offeryousomehelp.2._youmeethimrightnowor_hewaitoutside,sir?,will,shall,Will,shall,usedto和would的比较,1、would主要表示过去一段时间内的某种习惯，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，意为“总要，总是”usedto主要表示过去存在但是现在已不再存在的习惯，意为“过去常常”。OnSundayshe_gotocallontheoldmanwhenhewasyoung.I_getuplate,butnowIhavegotusedtogettingupveryearly.XiaoLi_beamodelworker.Heisnowauniversitystudent.,would,usedto,usedto,7.Electricironscouldbedangerous;theymightgiveyouasevereshock.电熨斗会有危险的，它可能使你受到严重的电击。,三.will和would用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”,will,用于构成将来时是助动词。用于表示“意志”“决心”“请求”是情态动词。would亦同理。e.gHewillbeherethisafternoon.(助动词)WillyoutellherthatImhere.(情态动词),2.用于各种人称，表示“意志”“决心”“允诺”e.g.Iwilltry.我愿意一试。,3在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求或询问例如：Ifyouwanthelp，letmeknow,willyou?如果你需要帮助，让我知道，好吗？Willyoutypethis,please?请打印这个，好吗？Wontyousitdown?请坐下，好吗？,4.would比will客气委婉例如：Wouldyouhelpus,please?请您帮助我们，好吗？（表请求）Idgotherewithyou.我要和你一块到那儿去。（表意愿）Dadwouldntallowit.爸爸不会允许这件事。（表许可）,四.shall和should的用法。,1.Eachmembershallwearanamecard.(表示规定)每一个会员必须配带名卡。,2.Ishouldanswerhisletterassoonaspossible.(表示应该)我应该尽快给他回信。,3.Youshouldntjudgeamanalwaysbytheclothes.(shouldnt“不应该”含有劝告的意思)你不应该总是以貌取人。,4.TherulesshalltakeeffectonJan.1st.(shall用于规章等，表示义务和规定)新规则于一月一日起生效。,5.ShallIturnonthelight,Mom?妈妈，我把灯打开好吗？（用于征求对方的意见，情态动词）Ishallbethere.我会到那儿去的。（表“决心”，情态动词）,6.should用于构成将来时是助动词。should用于表示“应当”“猜测”是情态动词例如：Wethoughtweshouldneverseeyouagain.我们以为再也见不到你了。（构成一般过去将来时，助动词）Ishouldwritesomeletterstonight.今晚我得写几封信。（表“应当”，情态动词）Theyshouldbetherebynow.他们现在可能到了。（表“猜测”，情态动词）,五.must用于表示“必定”“必须”,1.must表示必须，否定回答时用neednt.mustnt表示不许可e.g.1)MustIcometonight?-No,youneednt.2)Youmustnttsmokeinthehospital.,2.must用于肯定句，可以表示推测，翻译为：一定或想必。后面接动词的一般时，表示对现在的推测，接动词的完成式，表示对过去的推测。对过去的推测是考试的重点,1)Shemustlivenearhere,forshecomestoworkonfoot.2)Shewasabsentfromclass.Theremusthavebeensomethingwrongwithher.,3)Thelightwasout.Theymusthavegonetobed.,must用法的例子,Thismustbegoodforyou.(mustbe肯定)这肯定对你是有益的。,2）Allanimalsmustdie.(表示必然会发生的事情)所有的人一定会死。,3）Mustnttherebeamistake?(mustnt多用于疑问句)那肯定会有错误吗？,oughttocantmustnt;mayshould;mustcant;shouldnt,5.-Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.-It_acomfortabletrip.cantbeshouldntbemustnthavebeencouldnthavebeen.,6.Itsnearlysevenoclock.Jack_behereatanymoment.mustB.needC.shouldD.can,7.-ShallItellJohnaboutit?-No,you_,Ivetoldhimalready.needntwouldntmustntshouldnt,8.Peter_comewithustonight,butheisntverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will,9.Acomputer_thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.cantB.couldntC.maynotD.mightnot,10.Whereismypen?I_it.A.mightloseB.wouldhavelostC.shouldhavelostD.musthavelost,11.-Shallwegoskatingorstayathome?-Which_doyourself?A.doyouratherB.wouldyouratherC.willyouratherD.shouldyourather,12.He_youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A.mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegivenD.maygive,13.Ithoughtyou_likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.A.mayB.mightC.couldD.must,14.Theplantisdead.I_itmorewater.A.willB.wouldhavegivenC.mustgiveD.shouldhavegiven,15.-Willyoustayforlunch?-Sorry,_.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.ImustntB.IcantC.IneedntD.Iwont,16.-MayIgotherebeforelunch?-No,_.A.youmustntB.youmaynotC.youdbetternotD.alltheabove,17.-_wegooutforawalk?-Goodidea.Whattimeshallwemeet?A.ShallB.LetC.WillD.Must,全国高考试题回放,1.Aleftluggageofficeisaplacewherebags_beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will,2.How_yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle?A.canB.mustC.needD.may,3.Theroomissodirty._wecleanit?-Ofcourse.A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do,B,A,B,4.MyEnglish-Chinesedictionaryhasdisappeared.Who_havetakenit?A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.would,5.IsJohncomingbytrain?-Heshould,buthe_not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may,6.Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.-It_truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.A.maynotbeB.wontbeC.couldtbeD.mustntbe,C,D,C,7.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates_remainintheirseatsuntilallthepaperhavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall,8.IhearyouvegotasetofvaluableAustraliancoins._Ihavealook?-Yes,certainly.A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should,9.Oh,Imfeelingwellinthestomach,I_somuchfriedchickenjusfnow.A.shouldnteatB.mustnthaveeatenC.shouldnthaveeatenD.mustnteat,D,B,C,10.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_homewithoutaword.A.mustntleaveB.shouldnthaveleftC.couldnthaveleftD.needntleave,11.Youcantimaginethatawell-behavedgentlemen_besorudetoalady.A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would,12.Writetomewhenyougethome.-_.A.ImustB.IshouldC.IwillD.Ican,B,C,C,13.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How_itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must,14.AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?-Imnotsure.I_gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might,15.MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon,sohe_yourlecture.A.couldnthaveattendedB.neednthaveattendedC.mustnthaveattendedD.shouldnthaveattended,A,D,A,16.Sorry,Imlate.I_haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will,17.Therewasalotoffunatyesterdaysparty.You_come,butwhydidntyou?A.musthaveB.shouldC.needhaveD.oughttohave,18.WhencanIcomeforthephotes?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoom.-They_bereadybyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need,A,D,B,19.IstayedatahotelwhileinNe