inversion(倒装)语法专项包括it.ppt

Inversion(倒装）,一.Definition:英语中，有时为了语法结构的需要（如某些疑问句）或是为了强调，将谓语全部或一部分放在主语之前，主谓倒置，这种语序叫做倒装。,二Classification:,1完全倒装（FullInversion):谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子就是完全倒装句。,（1）表示方式和方位的副词或介词短here,there,out,in,away,now,then,up,down,off,intheroom,onthewall,onahill,inthevalley,roundthecorner等置于句首时动词是come,lie,stand,walk,sit等时,e.g.Theregoesthebell.铃响了Herecomesthebus.公共汽车来了Outrushedthechildren.孩子们冲了出来Awaywenttheboy.那男孩子走开了Southoftheriverliesasmallfactory.InalecturehallofauniversityinEnglandsitsaprofessor.*但主语是人称代词时，主谓语序不变。Hereitis.Awayhewent.,(2)such放句首时,e.g.SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20thcenturysgreatestscientist.此句中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致e.g.Sucharethefacts;noonecandeny(否认)them.,(3)直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时,e.g.“Whatdoesthewordmean?”askedtheboy.“Youshouldhavebeenherefiveminutesearlier,”saidtheteacher.,2部分倒装（partialInversion):只把谓语的一部分（多为助动词或情态动词）置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。,(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。e.g.OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.Onlywhenhereturneddidwefindoutthetruth.*在部分倒装句中如果谓语部分无助动词，则需找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装。Onlyafterthewarlearnedhethesadnews.()Onlyafterthewardidhelearnthesadnews,*only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。e.g.Onlywhendidhereturndidwefindoutthetruth.(F)Onlywhenhereturneddidwefindoutthetruth(T)*only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。e.g.Onlycanheanswerthequestion.(F)Onlyhecananswerthequestion.(T),(2)否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,notonly,scarcely等放句首时e.g.HardlydoIthinkitpossibletofinishthejobbeforedark=Ihardlythinkitpossibletofinishthejobbeforedark.Notasinglemistakedidhemake.=Hedidntmakeasinglemistake.NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.=Ihaveneverseensuchamovingfilmbefore.,(3)当often,nowhere,innotime,noyonce,manyatime,bynomeans等词位于句首时，常用部分倒装。,e.g.NotoncehaveIheardofthis.Manyatimehashegivenusgoodadvice.,(4)省略if的倒装句型。如果虚拟语气的条件状语从句中谓语有连系动词were,助动词had或情态动词should等，可省去if,把were,had,或should移到主语之前。e.g.WereInotengagedinmypresentwork,Iwouldbequitewillingtodowhatyouaskedmetodo.Hadtheynotbeenworkingsohard,theywouldnthaveachievedsomuch.Shouldanyonecall,tellhimtowaitforme.,(5)某些表示祝愿的句子用部分倒装。e.g.Mayyousucceed!LongliveFrance!Mayyoureturninsafety!,(6)as引导的让步状语从句中，表语放句首，其余不变，如从句表语是名词时，要把名词前冠词去掉though引导的让步状语从句也用这种形式。e.g.Tiredashewas,heworkedlateintothenight.Childas/thoughhewas,hewasverybrave.(名词前冠词去掉了）,(7)以副词so,neither,nor开头的句子表示“也（不）”时需倒装，so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓不倒装e.g.Ifyoudontgotheretoday,neitherwillI.JohnisfromBritain,soisMary.“Bettyisagoodgirl!”“Yes,sosheis.”,(8)几个否定提前的特殊句型notonlybutalso中前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不倒装。e.g.Notonlywaseverythinghehadtakenawayfromhim,butalsohisGermancitizenship.(B)Notuntil中前面从句不倒装，后面主句采用部分倒装。e.g.NotuntilquiterecentlydidIhaveanyideawhatitwaslike.(C)Nosoonerthan/Scarcelywhen中后面从句不倒装，前面主句部分倒装。e.g.NosoonerhadBlackgothomethanthetelephonerang.Scarcelyhadwestartedlunchwhenthedoorbellrang.(D)Neithernor中句子均需倒装。e.g.NeitherdidIknowthisnordidIwantto.,(9)用在宾语中含有某些限定词，且具有强调意义的词语（nota,noting,nobody,noone,manya,many等放在句首时。e.g.Manyandmanythingshashehadtodo.NotasingleworddidMr.Lispeak.,(10)句子以介词短语开始，并且句中的主语部分较长而无宾语时e.g.InsteadofMr.WhitecameMrs.Green,thehistoryteacher.Tothelistmaybeaddedthefollowingnames.,(11)为了强调表语和状语而引起的倒装。强调表语：Beautifulweretheflowersinthemoonlight!强调状语:Infrontofthehousewasatalltree.,(12)so+adj./advthat和such+adj.+n.that句型中如果so+adj./adv和such+adj./n,提到句首，则主句需部分倒装，从句不倒装。e.g.Sointerestedwasheintheprogramthathedidntnoticehismothercamein.Suchagoodvoicedidshehavethatshesoonbecameafamoussinger.,3.形式倒装(FormalInversion):形式倒装语法上称为前置。它的特点是，只要把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。这样的结构非常多，但有三个重要的句型，要特别注意。(1)感叹句Whataninterestingtalktheyhave!Howinterestingtheirtalkwas!(2)themorethemoree.g.ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasieritbecomes.,使用特点(A)此句型中的more代表的是adj./adv.的比较级，要灵活使用。e.g.Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.(B)此句型中的第一个themore引导的相当于一个条件状语从句，第二个themore引导的相当于一个主句。所以，上面例句相当于：Ifyouworkharder,youwillmakegreaterprogress.,(3)whatever;however+adj./adv.引导的让步状语从句的句型。e.g.Gotostampsalesandbuywhateveryoucanafford.Howeverdifficulttheproblemmaybe,wemustworkitoutthisevening.使用特点(A)whatever的后面也可以接名词，受many/much的修饰，则必须把whatever换成however.Cf:Whateverreasonsyouhave,youshouldcarryoutyourpromise.Howevermanydifficultiesyoumeetwith,youshouldtrytoovercomethem.(B)However可以改写成Nomatterhow而意义不变。所以上句可改为：Nomatterhowmanydifficultiesyoumeetwith,youshouldtrytoovercomethem.,1.Mybrotherhadabadcoldlastweek,_.A.sohadIB.soIhadC.sodidID.soIdid2.Maryneverdoesreadingintheevening,_.A.sodoesJohnB.JohndoestooC.JohndoesnttooD.nordoesJohn3.Johnwonthefirstprizeinthecontest._.A.SohedidB.SodidheC.Sohedid,tooD.Sodidhe,too4.ThedoctoraskedCharlietobreathedeeply._.A.CharliedoessoB.CharliedidsoC.SodoesCharlieD.SodidCharlie5._aboutwhatothersthink.A.LittlehecaresB.HelittlecaresC.LittledoeshecareD.Littlecareshe,6.Notonly_toNewYorkbutalso_thereforatime.A.hashebeen;heworkedB.hashebeen;didheworkC.hehasbeen;didheworkD.hehasgone;didhework7.Notonlyawriterbutalso_here.A.adoctorwerewantedB.wasadoctorwantedC.adoctorwaswantedD.wereadoctorwanted8.Neither_read,nor_write.A.canhe/canheB.canhe/hecanC.hecan/canheD.hecan/hecan9.Neitheryounor_wrong.A.isheB.heareC.heisD.arehe10.Notuntil_thework_tobed.A.didhefinish;hewentB.hefinished;hewentC.hefinished;didhegoD.hefinished;hadhegone,11.Itwasnotuntilelevenoclock_theexperiment.A.didhefinishB.thathefinishedC.whentheyfinishedD.thatdidhefinish12.Neverinmylife_inthatmanner.A.haveIbeenspokenB.haveIbeenspokentoC.IhavebeenspokenD.Ihavebeenspokento13._Marysoldgreenjacket.A.WentonB.OnwentC.OutwentD.Onput14.Now_Mr.WangsmmtokeepguardA.isitB.thereisC.itisD.isthere15.Seeingthepolicemancoming,away_.A.theboysranB.rantheboysC.didtheboysrunD.theboysrun,16._sohard,hewouldnthavepassedtheexam.A.HadntheworkedB.HasntheworkedC.ShouldntheworkD.Wouldnthework17.Idratherstayathomethangotoseeafilm,_.A.neitherhadheB.neitherwouldheC.sohadheD.sowouldhe18.Hardly_thestation_thebusarrived.A.Ihadreached;whenB.hadIreached;thenC.Ihadreached;thenD.hadIreached;when19._hadshereachedtheschoolgate_thebellrang.A.Assoon;whenB.Hardly;thanC.Nosooner;thanD.When;assoonas20.Often_thegirlsinginherroom.A.hearsheB.hehearsC.doeshehearD.doeshearhe,21.Onthetopofthehill_whereIoncevisitedthemonk.A.atemplestandsB.doesatemplestandC.atemplestandsthereD.standsatemple22.Sotired_afterwalkingsuchalongwaythatI_stand.A.wasI;couldhardlyB.didI;couldhardlyC.wasI;couldnthardlyD.Iwas;couldhardly23._,thecropswouldbesaved.A.ItshouldrainB.IfrainsC.ShoulditrainD.Itwillrain24._,hecantbuythebook.A.AshelikesitmuchB.AsdoeshelikeitmuchC.MuchasdoeshelikeitD.Muchashelikesit25.Suchastupidboy_thatIdontknowhowtodealwithhim.A.heisB.washeC.isheD.hewas,26.Soonwearrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhich_.A.alittleboysatB.satalittleboyC.alittleboysitsD.didalittleboysit27.Here_.A.doeshecomeB.hecomesC.comesheD.ishecoming28.Bynomeans_you.A.shallIunderstoodB.shallIunderstandC.IshallunderstoodD.Ishallunderstand29.Onthewall_twolargeportraits.A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging30.Such_.A.werehiswordsB.hiswordswasC.washiswordsD.hiswordswere,1.IfyougotoHainantotrychancesnextmonth,_.A.sodoessheB.nordoessheC.sowillsheD.norwillshe2._thatyoumissedsuchafinefilm?A.HowitwasB.HowwasitC.WasithowD.Howdidit3.Itwas_lateintheeveningthattheyfinishedtheexperiment.A.beforeB.afterC.tillD.notuntil4.Ifound_torefuseheroffer.A.itisimpossibleB.hewasimpossibleC.itimpossibleforhimD.heisimpossible5.Itdoesntmaketoomuch_youwillbebacktonight.A.matterifB.differenceifC.matterwhetherD.differencewhether6.He_todomorningexercisesinthepark.A.tookaruleB.madeitaruleC.tookitaruleD.madearule7.Notonly_thebus,but_repairit.A.hecandrive;hecanB.canhedrive;canheC.hecandrive;canheD.canhedrive;hecan,8._,hewalkedon.A.HewasverytiredB.Tiredashewas-C.ThoughtiredhewasD.Eveniftired9._fromthe11thfloorwhenthepolicemanpointedhisgunathim.A.DownjumpedthemurdererB.DownthemurdererjumpedC.DownjumpedheD.Jumpeddownhe10._Ihadachance,IwouldhaverunaroundtheWestLake.A.IfB.UnlessC.HadD.When11._shewillbebackhomeforherglasses.A.ItislongbeforethatB.ItwontbelongbeforeC.ItisbeforelongthatD.Itwillbelongbefore12.Itwasnotuntilheexplaineditasecondtime_it.A.whenheunderstoodB.thatweunderstoodC.didweunderstandD.thatdidweunderstand13.-Oh,whereismywallet?-Wasit_themanknockedintoyou_hepickedupyourwallet?A.notuntil;thatB.nosooner;thanC.long;beforeD.when;that,14.Itwasnotuntilshearrivedhome_feltabitrelaxed.A.thatsheB.whensheC.didsheD.asshe15.NeverbeforeinChina_fortheteachers.A.hasdonesomuchB.hasbeendonesomuchC.somuchhasbeendoneD.hassomuchbeendone16._enteredtheofficewhenherealizedthathehadforgottenhiskey.A.HehardlyhadB.HadhehardlyC.HardlyhadheD.Hardlyhehad17.Nowhereelsein_world_morefriendlypeoplethaninChina.A.the;canyoufindB./;youllfindC.the;canyoubeabletofindD.the;youmusthavefound18.Soseriously_intheaccidentthathewassenttohospitalatonce.A.hewaswoundedB.washehurtC.hedidinjureD.didhehurt19._thatweallhadtostayathome.A.SoterriblewastheweatherB.SotheweatherwasterribleC.TheweathersoterriblewasD.Sowastheterribleweather,20.Little_whatyouwouldhavemestartatonce.A.didIunderstandB.IunderstandC.IdidunderstandD.haveIunderstood21.Wasitbecausethetrafficwasveryheavyduringtherushhour_youwerelateagain?A.whenB.whyC.thatD.which22.Itistheprotectionforthetrees_reallymatters,ratherthanhowmanytreesareplanted.A.whatB.thatC./D.which23.Whyis_youaresolatefortheclass?A.itthatB.thatitC.itD.that24.Whydontyoubring_tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit?A.thisB.thatC.itD.what25.Itisonlywhenyounearlylosesomething_youfullyrealizehowmuchyouvalueit.A.doB.thenC.willD.that26.Itwas_ImetMr.SmithinLondon.A.manyyearsthatB.formanyyearssinceC.sincemanyyearsagoD.manyyearsagothat,27.Itwasnotuntildark_hefound_hethoughtwasthecorrectwaytosolvetheproblem.A.that;whatB.that;thatC.when;whatD;when;that28.Itwasinthelab_wastakenchargeofbyProfessorZhang_theydidtheexperiment.A.where;thatB.which;whereC.that;whereD.which;that29.Itwillbealongtime_Mr.Black_backfromabroad.A.before;comesB.since;hascomeC.before;willcomeD.after;willcome30.IsitShakespeareTheatre_youaregoingtowatchtheplay“TheMerchantOfVenice”?A.whereB.thatC.whichD.as31.Wasitinthevillage_weusedtolive_theaccidenthappened?A.where;thatB.which;thatC.that;whereD.where;which32.Nowhereelse_befound_inAustralia.A.cankangaroos;besidesB.kangarooscan;exceptforC.cankangaroos;exceptD.kangarooscan;but,33.Notuntilthegamehadbegun_atthesportsground.A.hadhearrivedB.didhearriveC.wouldhehavearrivedD.shouldhehavearrived34.Icouldnotpersuadehimtoacceptit,_makehimknowtheimportanceofit.A.ofonlyIcouldnotB.nomorethanIcouldC.orIcouldnotDnorcouldI35.Notonly_aboutthefood,buthealsorefusedtopayforit.A.thecustomercomplainedB.didthecustomercomplainC.whenthecustomercomplainedD.thecustomerdidcomplain36.Onlyunderspecialcircumstances_totakemake-uptests.A.arefreshmenpermittedB.permittedarefreshmenC.freshmenarepermittedD.arepermittedfreshmen37.Atnotimeinthehistoryofmankind_greaterchancesforfollowingcareerstheyhavenow.A.hadwomenB.havewomenhadC.womenhadD.womenhavehad,38.Bynomeans_lookdownuponthepoor.A.weshouldB.shouldweC.oughtweD.weshall39._atfirst,theycametoanagreementintheend.A.MuchastheydifferedB.AstheymuchdifferedC.AsmuchtheydifferedD.Astheydifferedmuch40._inrecentyearsthatithasalmostbecometherule.A.SooftenforthistohappenB.SooftenthishashappenedC.SooftenisthishappenedD.Sooftenhasthishappened41.Theoldcouplehavebeenmarriedfor40yearsandneveronce_witheachother.A.theyhadquarreledB.theyhavequarreledC.havetheyquarreledD.hadtheyquarreled(2003)42._isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What,43.Is_possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.nowB.manC.thatD.it44.Nosooner_thebellrung_theclasshandedinthepapers.A.had;thanB.had;whenC.;beforeD.has;then45._,hecouldnotdoitalone.A.AshemighttryB.SincehemighttryC.MightashetryD.Tryashemight46.IfMr.Blakedoesntattendthemeetingtomorrow,_.A.neitherdoIB.norshallIC.Idont,eitherD.neverIwill47.-Ileftmyhometown30yearsago.Iveneverbeenthereeversince.-Oh._.A.SodidIB.NorhaveIC.IdidthesameD.Samehere48.NotuntilIshoutedatthetopofmyvoice_hishead.A.thatheturnedB.hadheturnedC.didheturnD.thathehadturned49._nogravity,therewouldbenoairaroundtheearth.A.ButforB.IfthereisC.WerethereD.Hadit,50.Onlyafterhetoldmehisname_him.A.thatIrecognizedB.didIrecognizeC.hadIrecognizedD.Ididntrecognize51._hernumber,Iwouldhavetelephonedyou.A.ShouldIknowB.IfIwastoknowC.DidIknowD.HadIknown52._thathishandscouldnthelpshaking.A.SowasheangryB.SoangryhewasC.SoangrywasheD.Suchangerwashe53._receivedhigheducationastoday.A.NeversomanywomenhaveB.NeverhavesomanywomenC.SomanywomenhaveneverD.Sohavenevermanywomen54._agoodstudentbuthealsoprovedhimselfagoodathlete.A.HeshowedhimselfnotonlyB.NotonlyheshowedhimselfC.NotonlydidheshowhimselfD.Heshowednotonlyhimself55.Hardly_therailwaystationwhenthetrainstarted.A.didIreachB.hadIreachedC.IreachedD.Ihadreached56.Little_wherehewas,and_hisparents.A.didweknow;sodidB.didntweknow,neitherdidC.wedidntknow;neitherdidD.didweknow;nordid,56.NotuntilIbegantowork_howmuchtimeIhadwasted.(90)A.didntIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.IdidntrealizeD.Irealized57.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillage