重型燃气轮机燃气规范.doc

重型燃气轮机燃气规范TABLE OF CONTENTS 目 录I. INTRODUCTION 简介 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II. FUEL GAS CLASSIFICATION 燃气分类 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A. Natural Gas, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) And Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 天然气，液化天然气和液化石油气B. Gasification Fuels 气化燃料. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C. Process Gases过程气体. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III. FUEL PROPERTIES 燃料特性 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A. Heating Values 热值. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B. Modified Wobbe Index (MWI) 修正瓦伯指数. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C. Superheat Requirement过热度要求. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D. Hydrocarbon Dew Point烃的露点. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E. Moisture Dew Point 湿气的露点 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F. Flammability Ratio 可燃率 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G. Gas Constituent Limits 气体成分限额 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H. Gas Fuel Supply Pressure 气体燃料供应压力. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IV. CONTAMINANTS 污染物 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A. Particulates 微粒. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B. Liquids液体. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C. Sulfur硫. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D. Trace Metals 微量金属. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .V. SOURCES OF CONTAMINANTS 污染物的来源 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A. Particulates 微粒. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B. Liquids液体. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C. Sulfur硫. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D. Trace Metals 微量金属. . . . . .E. Air 空气 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F. Steam 蒸汽 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G. Water水 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H. Fuel燃料. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX 附 录Appendix 1 Appendix Definitions 附录1 附加定义. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Appendix 2 Particle Size Limitations附录2 微粒尺寸限额. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Appendix 3 Equivalent Contaminant Relationships (all machines except FB, H-Class)附录3 等价的污染物关系（除FB，H级外的所有燃机）. . .Appendix 4 Minimum Gas Fuel Temperature Reqirement Calculations附录4 气体燃料最低温度要求计算. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Appendix 5 Related Specification Documents 附录5 有关规范文献. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .LIST OF TABLES 列表Table 1. Fuel Gas Classification表1. 燃气分类 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 2a. Gas Fuel Specification 表 2a. 气体燃料规范 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 2b. Gas Fuel Contaminant Levels 表 2b.气体燃料污染等级. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 3. Test Methods for Gaseous Fuels 表3.气态燃料的测试方法 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .LIST OF FIGURE 列图Figure 1. Hydrogen and Moisture Superheat Requirements 图1. 氢气和湿气过热要求 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Figure 2. Moisture Dew Point as a Function of Concentration and Gas Pressure for a Typical Natural Gas Fuel 图2. 湿气的露点典型天然气燃料的浓度和压力函数. . . . . . . . . . .I. INTRODUCTION简介General Electric heavy-duty gas turbines have the ability to burn a wide classification of gaseous fuels as shown in Table 1. The properties of these gases can vary significantly due to the relative concentrations of the reactant and inert constituents. In order to protect the gas turbine and to burn these fuels in an efficient and trouble free manner, allowable ranges are defined in this specification for physical properties, constituents and contaminants.GE重型燃气轮机能够燃烧种类广泛的气体燃料，如表1所示。这些气体燃料的特性由于相应的反应物和惰性成分的浓度不同而变化非常之大。为了保护燃气轮机，高效且无故障地燃烧这些燃料，本规范对其物理特性、成分及污染物划定了许用范围，Table 2a specifies the allowable limits for the fuel properties and constituents and Table 2b lists the limitation on contaminants. These tables provide a screen for fuels that are acceptable for all frame sizes and combustor types. Fuels that fall outside of these limits may be acceptable for specific applications e.g. a high hydrogen fuel can be used with standard combustors in most cases. Contact GE for further evaluation of these fuels.表2a规定了这些燃料特性的许用限额，表2b列举对污染物的限额。这些表将所有结构尺寸和燃烧器类型都适用的燃料都展示出来了。超出这些限额的燃料可以用在特定的场合，例如在大多数情况下，含氢量高的燃料可以结合标准的燃烧器使用。这些燃料更详细的评价可以联系GE获得。Table 3 identifies the acceptable test methods to be used for determining gas fuel properties shown in Tables 2a and 2b.表3区别了确定表2a和表2b中所列气体燃料特性采用的测试方法。TABLE 1 表1FUEL GAS CLASSIFICATION 气体燃料分类FUEL燃料LHV Btu/scft低位发热量DIWEI IWEI MAJOR COMPONENTS主要成分Natural Gas and Liquefied Natural Gas天然气和液化天然气Liquefied Petroleum Gas液化石油气Gasification Gases气化气-Air Blown鼓风气化-Oxygen Blown吹氧气化 Process Gases处理气处理800-2002300-3200100-150200-400 300-1000 Methane甲烷Propane, Butane丙烷，丁烷Carbon Monoxide,一氧化碳Hydrogen, Nitrogen, WaterVapor氢气,氮气,水蒸气Carbon Monoxide,Hydrogen, Water Vaporr一氧化碳，氢气,水蒸气Methane, Hydrogen,甲烷,氢气Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide一氧化碳,二氧化碳TABLE 2a 表2aGAS FUEL SPECIFICATION (see notes 1 and 2)气体燃料规范(见注释1和2)FUEL PROPERTIES燃料特性MAX最大MIN最小NOTES注释Gas Fuel Pressure气体燃料压力Varies withunit andcombustor type随机组和燃烧器类型变化Varies withunit andcombustor type随机组和燃烧器类型变化See note 3见注释3Gas Fuel Temperature, F气体燃料温度, Fsee note 4见注释4Varies with gas pressure随气体压力变化See note 4见注释4Lower Heating Value, Btu/scft低位发热量，英热单位/标准平方英尺None没有100-300See note 5见注释5注释5Modified Wobbe Index (MWI)修正瓦伯指数(MWI)- Absolute Limits绝对限额- Range Within Limits限额范围内的变化54+5%40-5%See note 6见注释6See note 7见注释7See note 8见注释8Flammability Ratio可燃率可燃率See Note 9见注释92.2:1 Rich:Lean Fuel/AirRatio volume basis.富:贫燃料/空气比例容积单位See Note 10见注释10Constituent Limits, mole %成分限额,摩尔%Methane 甲烷 甲烷Ethane 乙烷Propane 丙烷Butane + higher paraffins (C4+)丁烷+更高链烷烃 (C4+)Hydrogen 氢Carbon Monoxide 一氧化碳 Oxygen 氧Total Inerts (N2+CO2+Ar)合计惰性气体Aromatics (Benzene, Toluene etc.)芳香烃(苯,甲苯等)Sulfur 硫硫100 15 15 5Trace微量Trace微量Trace微量15Report 报告Report报告850 00000000% of reactant species% of reactant species% of reactant species% of reactant species反应物种类的%反% of reactant species% of reactant species% of reactant species% of total (reactants +inerts).合计%(反应物+惰性气体)See Note 11见注释11See Note 12见注释12Table 2b 表2bAllowable Gas Fuel Contaminant Levels许用气体燃料污染物水平Trace Metals微量金属Turbine Inlet Limit,透平入口限额Xe ppbw等价浓度，十亿分之Fuel Equivalent Limit, XFe, See notes 13燃料等价限额，等价污染物浓度，见注释13ppmw百万分之Machine Model燃机型号Machine Model燃机型号MS3000MS5000B, E andF-ClassFB, H-CLASSFB，H级MS3000 MS5000B, E and F-ClassFB, H-ClassTurbine inlet flow/fuel flow (E/F)透平入口流量/燃料流量The limits for Pb,V, Ca, Mg for FB,HClass machinesare identical to thelimits for othermachines.FB，H级燃机的铅、钒、钙、镁的限额与其他燃机的限额相同50124LLead (Pb)铅20201.00.240.080VVanadium (V)钒1010.5.120.040CCalcium (Ca)钙40402.0.480.160MMagnesium (Mg)镁40402.0.480.160Sodium+Potassium see Note 14 钠+钾见注释14(Na/K)=28(Na/K)=3(Na/K)= 300F) there is a possibility of gum formation if excess aromatics are present. Contact GE for further information.为提高热效率而加热燃料时（例如，燃气温度Tgas 300F）如果出现过剩的芳烃，就可能形成胶状。进一步的资料可以联系GE获得。12. The quantity of sulfur in gas fuels not limited by this specification. Experience has shown that fuel sulfur levels up to 1% by volume do not significantly affect oxidation/corrosion rates. Hot corrosion of hot gas path parts is controlled by the specified trace metal limits. Sulfur levels shall be considered when addressing HRSG Corrosion, Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Deposition, Exhaust Emissions, System Material Requirements, Elemental Sulfur Deposition and Iron Sulfide. (refer to Section IVD)本规范没有对气体燃料中硫的数量加以限制。经验表明燃料中硫的体积含量水平达到1%时对氧化腐蚀率影响也并不大。热燃气通道部件的热腐蚀是通过规定微量金属的限额来控制的。当提及余热锅炉腐蚀、选择性催化还原沉淀物、排气释放、系统材料要求、硫单质沉淀和硫化铁时应考虑含硫水平。（参见IVD部分）13. The contamination limits identified represent the total allowable limit at the inlet to the turbine section. These limits will be reduced if comparable contaminants are present in the compressor inlet air and combustion steam/water injection. Consult with GE for limits for specific applications.确定的污染物限额代表了透平段入口处的总许用限额。如果出现在压气机入口空气中和燃烧室汽/水喷射中的污染物差不多，那么这些限额要降低。具体应用限额可与GE协商。14. Sodium and potassium, from salt water, are the only corrosive trace metal contaminants normally found in natural gases. Na/K =28 is nominal sea salt ratio. Other trace metal contaminants may be found in Gasification and Process Gases. GE will review these on a case-by-case basis.盐水中来的钠和钾是天然气中常见的仅有的腐蚀性微量金属污染物。Na/K =28是标定的海盐比例。在气化和气体处理时也许会发现其他微量金属污染物。GE会逐一加以审查。15. The fuel gas delivery system shall be designed to prevent the generation or the admittance of solid particulate to the gas turbine gas fuel system. This shall include but not be limited to particulate filtration and non-corrosive (i.e. stainless steel) piping from the particulate filtration to the inlet of the gas turbine equipment. Fuel gas piping systems shall be properly cleaned/flushed and maintained prior to gas turbine operation. (See section IVA)燃气输送系统设计用来防止微粒生成或进入燃气轮机气体燃料系统。这包括但不局限于从微粒过滤器到燃气轮机设备入口的微粒过滤器和无腐蚀（例如：不锈钢）管道。燃气轮机运行前，燃气管道系统要正确清扫、冲刷和维护。（见IVA部分）16. The fuel gas supply shall be 100% free of liquids. Admission of liquids can result in combustion and/or hot gas path component damage. (See section IIIC)燃气供应绝不能有一点液体。液体的进入会造成燃烧室和热燃气通道组件的损害。（见IIIC部分）TABLE 3 表3TEST METHODS FOR GASEOUS FUELS 气化燃料的测试方法PROPERTY 特性 特性METHOD 方法 Gas Sampling Procedure 气体取样过程Gas Composition to C6+ (gas chromatography) 气体成分到C6+（气体色谱法）Extended Gas Composition to C14 扩展气体成分到C14Heating Value 热值Specific Gravity 比重Compressibility Factor 压缩系数Dew Point (see Test Method note 1) 露点（见测试方法注释1）Sulfur (see Test Method note 2) 硫（见测试方法注释2）GPA 2166(3)ASTM D 1945GPA 2286(4)ASTM D 3588ASTM D 3588ASTM D 3588ASTM D 1142ASTM D 3246Test Method Notes: 测试方法注释A.测试方法注释1. Hydrocarbon and water dew points shall be determined by direct dew point measurement (Chilled Mirror Device). If dew point cannot be measured, an extended gas analysis, which identifies hydrocarbon components from C1 through C14, shall be performed. This analysis must provide an accuracy of greater than 10 ppmv. A standard gas analysis to C6+ is normally not acceptable for dew point calculation unless it is known that heavier hydrocarbons are not present, as is most often the case with liquefied natural gases.烃和水的露点应由露点测量器（冷镜装置）直接测定。如果露点无法测量，就需要进行进一步的气体分析，将烃成分从C1到C14中鉴别出来。这种分析的精度必须要超过10ppmv。一般不采用对C6+进行标准的气体分析，除非知道没有重烃，大多数液化天然气大都是这种情况。2. This test method will not detect the presence of condensable sulfur vapor. Specialized filtration equipment is required to measure sulfur at concentrations present in vapor form. Contact GE for more information.本测试方法检测无法检测到浓缩的硫蒸气。必须采用专门的过滤设备去测量气态浓缩硫。详细资料可联系GE获得。II. FUEL GAS CLASSIFICATION 燃气分类A. Natural Gas, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) And Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)天然气，液化天然气和液化石油气Natural gases are predominantly methane with much smaller quantities of the slightly heavier hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane and butane. Liquefied petroleum gas is propane and/or butane with traces of heavier hydrocarbons.天然气主要组成是甲烷以及极少量的轻烃如乙烷、丙烷和丁烷。液化石油气是丙烷和丁烷以及极少数的重烃。1. Natural Gas 天然气Natural gases normally fall within the calorific heating value range of 800 to 1200 Btu per standard cubic foot. Actual calorific heating values are dependent on the percentages of hydrocarbons and inert gases contained in the gas. Natural gases are found in and extracted from underground reservoirs. These “raw gases” may contain varying degrees of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and contain contaminants such as salt water, sand and dirt. Processing by the gas supplier normally reduces and/or removes these constituents and contaminants prior to distribution. A gas analysis must be performed to ensure that the fuel supply to the gas turbine meets the requirements of this specification.天然气的热值一般会在800到1200英热单位/标准立方英尺之间变动。实际的热值取决于气体中烃和惰性气体的百分含量。天然气存在于地下水库中并从中引出。这些原气也许含有各种程度的氮气、二氧化碳、硫化氢，并含有盐水、沙尘等污染物。天然气供应商在输送前的处理通常是降低或除去这些成分和污染物。为了确保去燃气轮机的燃料满足本规范的要求，必须作气体分析。2. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 液化天然气Liquefied natural gas is produced by drying, compressing, cooling and expanding natural gas to approximately -260 F at 14.7 psia. The product is transported as a liquid and delivered as a gas after pressurizing and heating to ambient temperature. The composition is free of inerts and moisture and can be treated as a high quality natural gas. LNG can pick up moisture that is present in the pipeline but it is not a source of the moisture.液化天然气经对天然气进行干燥、压缩、冷却和膨胀到-260 F，14.7 psia而成。该产品以液态形式运输，在加压并加热到大气温度后可以以气态形式输送。成分中不含惰性气体和湿气，可看作是优质天然气。液化天然气可以收集管路中的湿气，但并非湿源。The hydrocarbon dew point is typically less than -10 F at 500 psia but, depending on the processing steps and tankage size, the dew point may