八年级英语上册Unit3Computers课件牛津深圳版.ppt

Unit3Computers,Module2Scienceandtechnology,自主预习,一、根据汉语写出英文单词1.(计算机)显示器(n.)_2.扬声器(n.)_3.打字(v.)_4.受喜爱的；受欢迎的(adj.)_5.操纵；控制(v.)_6.依靠；依赖(v.)_7.极小的；微小的(adj.)_8.昂贵的；价格高的(adj.)_9.比较；对比(v.)_10.操作；控制(v.)_11.总额；合计(n.)_12.订货；订购(n.)_,monitor,speaker,type,popular,control,depend,tiny,expensive,compare,operate,total,order,二、根据汉语写出下列词组1.依靠_2.总计；共计_3.盼望；期待_4.除之外（还）_5.怎样处理_6.玩电脑游戏_7.没意识到；未察觉_8.从事工作_,dependon,grandtotal,lookforwardto,inaddition,what.dowith,playcomputergames,(be)unawareof,workas,三、翻译下列句子1.现在电脑正变得更小、更好。_2.你对电脑的依赖程度比你意识到的要深得多。_3.它们能比我们计算得更快,而且几乎从不出错。_4.此外,电脑还能做一些重要的工作,例如操控铁路系统,驾驶飞机和宇宙飞船。_5.例如,它们可能比人类(医生)更胜任医生这种工作。_,Nowcomputersarebecomingsmallerandbetter.,Youdependoncomputersmorethanyourealize.,Theycancalculateatafasterspeedthanwecanandalmostnevergivewronganswers.,Inaddition,computerscandoimportantjobslikeoperatingrailwaysandflyingplanesandspaceships.,Forexample,theymaybebetterthandoctorsatdoingtheirjob.,词汇精析,【1】ordern.arequestforgoods订货，订购;aconditionofregularorproperarrangement顺序；秩序Wevereceivedanorderforthreetonsofcoal.我们已经收到了两吨煤的订单。Pleasearrangeinalphabeticalorder.请按字母顺序排列。,【拓展】(1)keepsth.inorder使某物有次序Itsnoteasyfortheteacherstokeeptheirclassesinorder.教师要把课堂秩序维持好是不容易的。（2）order还可以作动词，意为“命令；订购；点餐”，ordersb.todosth.命令某人做某事Heorderedthemtostarttheworkatonce.他命令他们马上开始工作。【应用】(1)Heorderedtheenemysoldiers_(put)downtheirguns.(2)()Pleasekeepalltheitemsorder.A.inB.outofC.with,toput,A,【2】comparev.findoutthesimilaritiesordifferencesbetweenthings比较；对比Youshouldcomparethepricesbeforeyoubuysomething.你应该在买东西前比较一下价格。【同根词】（1）comparativeadj.比较的Whydontwedosomecomparativeadvertising？我们为什么不能做一些对比广告呢？（2）comparisonn.比较；对比HewroteapaperonthecomparisonbetweenChinesecultureandAmericanculture.他写了一篇关于中国文化和美国文化的比较的论文。,【拓展】(1)compare.with.把与作比较Compareyourlifestylewithhis,hisishealthier.用你的生活方式与他的比较，他的更健康。(2)compare.to.把比喻成PeopleoftencompareyoungpeopletotherisingSun.人们常把年轻人比喻成正在升起的太阳。,【应用】(1)Thereisno_(compare)betweenthetwo.(2)()Comparethiscar_thatone,andyouwillfindthedifferencesbetweenthem.A.toB.withC.for(3)()Thissongcomparesourcountryabigfamily.A.toB.withC.for,comparison,B,A,【3】speakern.someonewhotalks（especiallysomeonewhohasapublicspeech）演讲者;apieceofelectricalequipment,forexamplepartofaradioorsetofequipmentforplayingCDsortapes,throughwhichsoundcomesout扬声器Thesoundsoftheguitararesentthroughthespeaker.吉他的声音通过扬声器传送出去。【同根词】（1）speakv.“说；讲”，其过去式为spoke，过去分词为spoken。IrangthehotelandspoketoLouie.我打电话给宾馆，跟路易通了话。（2）speechn.演讲；讲话Hisspeechinspiredthesoldierswithcourage.他的讲话激发了战士们的勇气。,【拓展】speak，tell与say的用法区别（1）习惯用法：表示“演说；演讲；发言”等，一般用speak。Whoisgoingtospeakatthemeeting?谁将在会上发言？表示“讲故事；说谎”等，一般用tell。Heoftentellsusinterestingstories.他经常给我们讲有趣的故事。tellastory讲故事tellthetruth说实话表示“说某种语言”，一般用speak。DoyouspeakFrench?你会说法语吗?,（2）tell可意为“讲述；告诉”。tellsb.sth.意为“告诉某人某事”；tellsb.（not）todosth.意为“告诉某人（不要）去做某事”。（3）talk一般为不及物动词，意思是“交谈；谈话”，着重强调两者之间的相互说话。talk常用短语为talkabout。（4）say一般用作及物动词，着重强调说话的内容，它的宾语可以是名词、代词或宾语从句。Hecansayhisname.他会说他的名字。PleasesayitinEnglish.请用英语说。Shessaying，“Dontdrawonthewall.”她在说：“别在墙上画。”,【应用】（1）Thefirst_（speak）begantotalk,veryfastandratherloudly.（2）Whenshewasyoung,she_（speak）EnglishintheUSA.,speaker,spoke,【4】controlv.tousepowertomanageorcommand操纵，控制（机器或系统等）Youmustlearntocontrolyourtemper.你必须学会控制你的脾气。,【拓展】(1)losecontrol失去控制Youshouldntlosecontrol.你不应该失控。(2)outofcontrol失去控制Theplaneisoutofcontrol.飞机失控了。(3)undercontrol处于控制之下Thefirehasbeenbroughtundercontrol.火势已受到控制。(4)underonescontrol在某人的控制下DuringtheWorldWarII,theareawasunderthecontroloftheUSNavy.二战期间，这一地区被美国海军所控制。【应用】()Everythingis_control.A.onB.outC.under,【5】dependv.toneedthehelpofsomeone,ortotrustthatsomeonewilldosomething依靠；依赖AlllivingthingsdependontheSunfortheirgrowth.万物依靠太阳生长。【同根词】（1）dependentadj.依赖的Childrenaretotallydependentontheirparentsforfoodandshelter.小孩子完全依赖父母提供食宿。(2)dependencen.依靠Helivedinastateofdependenceonhisfriendshelp.他依靠朋友的帮助而生活。,(3)independentadj.独立的Weshouldlearntobeindependent.我们应该学会独立。(4)independencen.独立Hewasafraidoflosinghisindependence.他担心丧失自己的独立。【拓展】dependon依靠；依赖；取决于。当意为“依靠”时，相当于relyon；意为“取决于”时，相当于bedecidedby。Youcandependonher，becauseshealwayskeepsherpromises.你可以信赖她,因为她一向都是信守诺言的。Howmuchitcostsdependsonhowmuchyoubuy.价钱取决于你买多少。,【应用】(1)()Thelittleboyalwaysdependsonhismother.(选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)A.reliesonB.isdecidedbyC.believesin(2)Indiagained_(depend)fromBritainin1947.(3)Allis_(depend)onyourdecision.,A,independence,dependent,【6】operatev.tocontroltheworkingofsomething,makesomethingwork操作，控制；cutopenapatientsbodyinordertoremove,replace,orrepairadiseasedordamagedpart做手术Couldyoutellmehowtooperatethismachine?你可以告诉我怎样操作这部机器吗？Thedoctoroperatedonhisarmlastweek.医生上周给他的手臂做了手术。【同根词】operationn.操作；手术Theoperationofthismachineissimple.这台机器的操作很简单。,【拓展】operateonsb.给某人做手术Whodidyouoperateonlastnight?你昨晚为谁做过手术?【应用】(1)Youneedagoodrestafterthe_(operate).(2)()Thedoctorsdecidedtooperateherimmediately.A.onB.withC.about,operation,A,【7】pricen.theamountofmoneyneededtopurchasesomething价格Thepriceofthehouseisveryhigh.这房子的价格很高。【拓展】(1)atthepriceof以的价格Sheboughtthenewdressatthepriceof10dollars.她以10美元的价格买了这条新裙子。(2)ataprice以相当高的价格；付出很大的代价Ticketsarestillavailable,butataprice.门票依然有售，只是票价很高。(3)Whatsthepriceofsth.?=Howmuchissth.?=Howmuchdoessth.cost?某物的价格是多少？,【应用】(1)()Haveyouagreedtosellhimthegoods_suchaprice?A.inB.forC.at(2)Whatsthepriceofthemobilephone?(改为同义句)_,C,Howmuchisthemobilephone?/Howmuchdoesthemobilephonecost?,【8】sellv.exchangeordeliversomethingformoneyoritsequivalent出售；售卖sell的过去式和过去分式分别为sold,sold。Whatdoestheshopsell?这家商店出售什么？【同根词】salen.销售额onsale打折forsale出售Thesegoodsareentirelyunfitforsale.这些货物完全不宜销售。,【拓展】sell既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词。意为“卖得好”时，作不及物动词，用sellwell表示；意为“卖光了”时，作及物动词，用sth.besoldout表示。Thekindoforangessellswell.Theyhavebeensoldout.这种橙卖得很好,已经全部卖光了。【应用】()Sorry,theshirtsinyoursizehave_.A.soldoutB.soldupC.beensoldout,C,【9】popularadj.beenjoyedorlikedbymanypeople受喜爱的；受欢迎的Herkindnessmadeherpopular.她的友善使她备受欢迎。【同根词】popularityn.普及;流行;名气Hegainedpopularityamonghisstudents.他赢得了学生们的喜爱。,【拓展】bepopularwith/among受的欢迎Mostpeoplewouldliketobepopularwith/amongothers.大部分的人都想受到他的人欢迎。【应用】(1)()Applesproductsarepopularyoungpeople.A.inB.withC.for(2)Herbookshavegrownin_(popular)recently.,B,popularity,【10】(be)unawareof=doesntknow,doesntrealize没意识到；未察觉Hewasunawareofmypresence.=HewasunawarethatIwaspresent.他不知道我在场。【拓展】beawareof意识到；察觉Areyouawareofthetime?=Doyouknowthetime?你知道是什么时候了吗?【应用】()Heisunawareoftheimportanceofstudy.(选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)A.knowsB.doesntrealizeC.paysattentionto,B,【11】inaddition=besides=whatsmore除以外（还）Imetsomefriendsandotherpeopleinaddition.我遇到了几位朋友，还遇到了其他人。【拓展】(1)inaddition=besides=whatsmore此外；而且Inaddition,youcanshareyourfileswithothers.=Besides,youcanshareyourfileswithothers.=Whatsmore,youcanshareyourfileswithothers.此外，你还可以和其他人共享你的文件。(2)inadditionto意为“除了之外”，后接名词或动名词。Inadditiontogivingmesomeadvice,hegavemesomemoney.他不仅给我提了一些忠告，还给了我一些钱。,(3)A+inadditionto+B作主语时，谓语的单复数形式与A保持一致。Theprofessorinadditiontohisassistantsisgoingtoattendthemeetingthisweekend.这个周末教授和他的助手们将参加会议。【应用】(1)()Wesawacartooninadditiontoafilm.(选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)A.exceptB.butC.besides(2)()Inaddition,weshouldplantmoretreestoprotecttheenvironment.(选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)A.BesideB.MoreorlessC.Whatsmore,C,C,【12】lookforwardto=expect=livefor（后接名词或动名词）盼望；期待IamlookingforwardtothetriptoAmerica.我正期待着这次美国之行。【应用】Ilookforwardto_(meet)youattheairport.,meeting,【13】bebetterthan.at.比更擅长begoodat意为“擅长”，bebetterthan.at.意为“比更擅长”，at后面接名词或动名词。Heisbetterthanmeatswimming.游泳方面他比我更擅长。【拓展】begoodat的近义词组为dowellin,bebetterat的近义词组则为dobetterin。Doyoubelievethatonlyboysdowellinscience?您认为只有男孩才能在科学上有所建树吗？【应用】（）Areyougoodat?No,Imgoodat.A.write;chessB.writing;chessC.writing;sing,B,语法梳理,语法精讲,有关形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的用法1.形容词和副词的三级用法（1）原级:as+形容词或副词的原级+as，意为“和一样”;否定用notas/so.as。Theroomisasbigasmine.这个房间和我的（房间）一样大。Hedoesntrunas/sofastasme.他没有我跑得快。（2）比较级比较级的明显标志有than,AorB等。Heisyoungerthanme.他比我年轻。Whoistaller,yourfatheroryouruncle?你爸爸和你叔叔谁更高?,abit,alittle,much,far,many,alot,agreatdeal,any,even等词可以用来修饰比较级。Hedidmuchbetterthanhisbrother.他比他的兄弟做得好得多。Mikeistall,andMarkiseventallerthanhim.迈克很高，而马克甚至比他更高。比较级+比较级,意为“越来越”。Hisfamilybecomesricherandricher.他家变得越来越富有。Thegardenismoreandmorebeautiful.这个花园越来越漂亮了。“the+比较级+主语+谓语,the+比较级+主语+谓语”意为“越，越”。Themoremoneyyoumake,themoreyouspend.你钱赚得越多,就花得越多。,（3）最高级最高级的明显标志有ofthethree(four,five.),ofall,intheclass（family,country）,A,BorC等。形容词的最高级前面通常要加定冠词the，而副词可以不加the。Iamthethinnestofthethree.我是三个人中最瘦的。Whoistheyoungest,you,heorshe?你,他和她中,谁最小?“oneof+the+最高级+复数可数名词”结构，意为“最的之一”。Jackisoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.杰克是我们班最好的学生之一。“the+序数词+形容词最高级”表示在某个范围内的第几位。TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二长河。,2.形容词和副词比较级、最高级的形式变化（1）规则变化：单音节词和部分双音节词,在词尾加-er或-est。大部分双音节词和多音节词,在其前面加more或most。（2）一些常见的形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化：good/wellbetter(the)bestbad/illworse(the)worstmany/muchmore(the)mostlittleless(the)leastoldolder/elder(the)oldest/eldestfarfarther/further(the)farthest/furthest,3.形容词和副词等级间的互相转换（1）比较级换成原级Thisstoryismoreinterestingthanthatone.Thatstoryisnotas/sointerestingasthisone.这个故事比那个故事更有趣。（2）最高级换成比较级Herunsfastestinourclass.Herunsfasterthananyotherstudentinourclass.Herunsfasterthantheotherstudentsinourclass.他在我们班跑得最快。,（3）表示倍数的用法Theroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.Theroomisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.Theroomistwicelargerthanthatone.这间房是那间房的三倍大。4.形容词和副词的比较级用法的误区（1）比较对象非同类。错误：Yourclassroomissmallerthanus.正确：Yourclassroomissmallerthanours.(ours=ourclassroom)你们的教室比我们的大。,（2）比较对象相包含。错误：ChinaislargerthananycountryinAsia.正确：ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.中国比亚洲任何(其他)一个国家都大。（3）比较级前一般不能用定冠词the,但如果比较级后面有名词则要用the。Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia?=Whichcountryislarger,CanadaorAustralia?加拿大和澳大利亚哪个国家大?Jennyistheclevererofthetwogirls.=Jennyisthecleverergirlofthetwo.珍妮是两位女孩中更聪明的一位。,直击中考,()1.Myteachersoftenencourageme_morefriendsbutIfinditdifficult.Yourteachersideaisright.Themorefriendsyoumake,_youwillbe.(2014达州)A.tomake;themorehappyB.tomake;happierC.making;thehappierD.tomake;thehappier,D,()2.Lucyisa(n)_student,sheanswerstheteachersquestionsinherclass.(2014陕西)A.moreactive;moreactivelyB.active;moreactivelyC.moreac