中考英语辽宁省复习课件：第39讲阅读理解.ppt

辽宁省,英语,第39讲阅读理解,在近3年辽宁各地市的中考试题中，阅读理解大多数地方均为4篇，在形式上以选择型(4选1)为主要类型，并且大部分地区都会涉及一定量的图画或表格，以增强试题的趣味性。各地话题涉及广泛，文体以记叙文和说明文为主，少量涉及议论文，词数均在200左右。记叙文的话题以故事类为主，包括教育故事、情感故事、哲理故事等，以道德教育为目的，每年至少有2篇涉及该话题，约占阅读理解所有考查话题的50%。预计2016年仍会涉及该话题。广告图表类阅读理解的考查约占阅读理解所有考查话题的25%。这类话题一方面增加了试题的趣味性，另一方面贴近生活实际，,能教会学生一些英语在生活中的运用。分析近三年辽宁试题可知，广告图表类涉及较多的是34组不同的小广告或图表组合，也会偶尔涉及某一个海报或某一则信息，所涉及的内容多贴近人们的社会生活，或是一些奇闻轶事。预计2016年仍会涉及该形式。说明文以介绍类为主，包括饮食健康、咨询建议、文化风俗、科普知识、社会热点、人物介绍、广告信息等，内容涉及广泛，以了解知识为目的。每年中考试题中至少有1篇涉及该话题，约占阅读理解所有考查话题的25%。预计2016年仍会涉及该话题。,中考英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力。很多同学在做题时常常有一种“读得懂做不对”的感觉。那么有必要对阅读理解这种题型及其解题技巧作一些简要的分析。从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和判断正误题。,做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所需信息。其次要注意先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。(一)主旨概括题主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。,主旨大意题主要的设问方式有：Whatsthemainideaofthispassage?Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?Thewritermeanstotellusthat_.Themainideaofthepassageisthat_.Thepassageismainlyabout_.Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat_.Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith_.Whatsthebesttitleforthepassage?Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?Thebesttitleforthepassageis_.,(二)细节理解题细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。细节理解类题目常见的设问方式有：Whichofthefollowingistrue/false/mentioned?Whatdoesthewriterpaytheleastattentionto?Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.Allofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrue/falseexcept_.Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof.?Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizesthemainfeatureof.?,【例1】(2015，辽阳)ItwasSunday.Ihadonelastpatienttosee.Ireachedherroominahurryandstoodatthedoorway.Shewasanoldwoman，sittinginthechair，tryingtoputsocksonherfeet.Ispokequicklytothenurseandhadalookatherchartnoting(病历表)Istoodlookingdownather.“Couldyouhelpmetoputonmysocks？”sheasked.Ididntanswer，butIsaidsomethinglikethis，“Howareyoufeeling？Yoursugarandbloodpressurewerehighbuttheyarebettertoday.Thenursementionedyouareanxious(渴望的)toseeyoursonwhosvisitingyoutoday.Itsnicetohaveafamilyvisitfromfaraway.Ithinkyoureallylookforwardtoseeinghim.”,Shestoppedmewithaseriousvoice，“Sitdown，doctor.Thisismystory，notyourstory.”Iwassurprisedandembarrassed(尴尬的)Isatdown.Ihelpedherwiththesocks.Shebegantotellmethatheronlysonlivedaroundthecornerfromher，butshehadntseenhimforfiveyears.Shebelievedthatthestresscausedherhealthproblems.Afterhearingherstoryandputtingonhersocks，IaskediftherewasanythingelseIcoulddoforher.Sheshookherheadandsmiled.Allshewantedmetodowastolisten.IoftenthoughtofwhatthewomantaughtmeandIremindedmyselfoftheimportanceofstopping，sittingandlistening.Thestorytellershouldbelistenedtowithoutinterruption,Ibelieveinthepoweroflistening.Iknowthathealing(康复)takesplacewhensomeonestops，sitsdownandlistens.【文章大意】本文通过讲述一位医生与一名患者之间的经历，让人懂得倾听是一剂良药。1Theoldwomanwasmy_.AdoctorBfriendCpatientDnurse【解析】细节理解题。从第一段第二句Ihadonelastpatienttosee.和第四句Shewasanoldwoman.可知，这位老人是我的病人。答案：_C_,2I_theoldwomanwhenIsawheratfirst.AdidntlistentoBcarefullylookedoverCknewalotaboutDofferedhelpto【解析】细节理解题。从第三段开始Shestoppedmewithaseriousvoice，“Sitdown，doctor.Thisismystory，notyourstory.”可知，起初医生只顾自己夸夸其谈，而没有倾听患者的心声，引起了患者的不满。答案：_A_,3Theoldwomanliveda(n)_life.AfantasticBeasyChappyDlonely【解析】推理判断题。从第二段中Thenursementionedyouareanxioustoseeyoursonwhosvisitingyoutoday.可知，她急切地想见到儿子。另外从第三段中Shebegantotellmethatheronlysonlivedaroundthecornerfromher，butshehadntseenhimforfiveyears.可知，她五年没见到自己的儿子。所以她过的是一种很孤单的生活。答案：_D_,4Theunderlinedword“interruption”means_.A打动B打岔C打乱D打击【解析】猜测词义题。根据倒数第二段最后一句：Thestorytellershouldbelistenedtowithoutinterruption.可知，讲述者应该被倾听，不应被打断、打扰。答案：_B_,5Whichisthebesttitle(题目)ofthepassage？_.AWeshouldbethankfultoothersBTherealmeaningofloveCListeningispowerfulmedicineDHelpingothersisnecessary【解析】主旨大意题。通过文章中医患之间的对话可知，作者希望人们之间多一些倾听，因此C项最恰当。另外，其他三个选项的主题分别是感恩、爱和助人，和主题不符，因此排除。答案：_C_,Ifyouarehungry，whatdoyoudo？Getyourfavoritemealandstayquietafterthat？Justlikeyourstomach，yourmindishungry，too.Butitneverletsyouknow，becauseitsbusythinkingaboutyourdreamlover，favoritestarandmanysuchthings.Soyourbrainjustpaysattentiontoyourneedsandneverletsitselfgrow.Whenyourmindstopsgrowing，yourcreativity(创造力)stops，too.Thisiswhyweallsometimesthink“Whathappensnext？”，“WhycantIthink？”，“WhyamIalwaysgiventhedifficultproblems？”Well，thisisbecausewealwaysuseourbrainformeaningless(无意义的)things.,Hungerofthemindcanbeactuallysatiated(满足)throughreading.Becausereadinghasbeenthemosteducative(教育的)toolusedbyusfromthechildhood.Youhavealargenumberofbooks，theywillanswerallyour“Howto？”questions.Whenyoureadabook，youjustdontrunyoureyesthroughthelines，butevenyourmindexplainsittoyou.Theinterestingpartofthebookisalwaysstoredinyourmind.Themorebooksyouread，thewideryourmindwillopenup.Also，thisimprovesyourcreativity.Actually，IusedtohavetroubleinspeakingEnglishwell，butasIread，Ihavemadegreatprogress.Sojoinmeandgivefoodforyourmindbyreading，readingandmorereading.Nowwhatareyouwaitingfor？Go，getabook，andletmeknow!,1Fromthispassage，wesometimeshavetroublethinkingbecause_AweeattoomuchBwedonthaveagoodsleepCwethinkoftoomanymeaninglessthingsDwearetoobusy2Wecould_whenourmindishungry.AeatabigmealBreadabookCwatchTVDchatwithfriends,C,B,3Thepassagemainlytellsusthatreadingcan_AbringussomeproblemsBmakeusthinkofmeaninglessthingsCgetyourfavoritemealDopenupyourmind4Accordingtothepassage，wecanrememberthe_partwhenwereadabook.AeducativeBinterestingCmeaninglessDdifficult,D,B,5Wecanknowthatthewriter_AgivesfoodtosomepeopleBwaitsforsomeonetolearnalanguageCencouragespeopletoreadmorebooksDstopsspeakingEnglish【文章大意】本文主要说明了读书对人的影响，号召人们多读书。1C【解析】本题是细节理解题。第一段末句说明了答案。2B【解析】本题是细节理解题。由第二段第一句“思想的饥饿完全可以通过读书来满足”，可知应选B。,C,3D【解析】本题是细节理解题。第二段倒数第二句“Themorebooksyouread，thewideryourmindwillopenup.”说明应选D。4B【解析】本题是细节理解题。第二段倒数第三句“Theinterestingpartofthebookisalwaysstoredinyourmind.”说明了答案。5C【解析】本题是细节理解题。可由末段第二句“Sojoinmeandgivefoodforyourmindbyreading.”等句可知应选C。,(三)推理判断题推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论的题型，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。,推理判断题主要的设问方式有：Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?Thewritersuggeststhat.Thewriterusestheexampleof.toshowthat.Whatsthewritersattitudetoward.?Whatsthewriterspurposeofwritingthepassage?Fromthepassage，weknow.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.,(四)猜测词义题猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义的能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。,词义猜测题主要的设问方式有：Whatsthemeaningoftheunderlinedword/phrase.inChinese?Theunderlinedword.refersto/probablymeans.Theunderlinedword.couldbereplacedby.Whatisthemeaningof.?Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword.?,【例2】(2015，抚顺)Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhenthetraditionalculturemeetmoderntechnology？Yes，the“dead”wordsbecomelivelycharacters(人物)atonce.HowhappyitistoenjoytheseChinesecartoons！,【文章大意】这篇短文图文并茂地介绍了四部中国传统文化与现代科技结合而成的动画片：神笔马良小蝌蚪找妈妈大闹天宫和葫芦兄弟。1_showtheartisticstyleofinkpainting.ATheMagicBrushBLittleTadpoleLookingforMomCTheMonkeyKing：UproarinHeavenDCalabashBrothers【解析】细节理解题。根据第二个表格中.showtheartisticstyleofinkpainting.可知小蝌蚪找妈妈展示了水墨画的艺术风格。答案：_B_,2Whatdoestheunderlinedword“complex”meaninChinese?A重复的B复杂的C杂乱的D冗长的【解析】词义理解题。根据第二个表格中Thestoryisverysimple，butitneedscomplextechnologytoshowtheartisticstyleofinkpainting.可知展示水墨画艺术风格的动画片需要复杂的艺术。答案：_B_,3TheMonkeyKing：UproarinHeavenis_.AthefirstfilminChinaBonlylovedbyChineseCthefirstcolorcartooninChinaDlovedbyallthewesterners【解析】细节理解题。根据第三个表格中UproarinHeavenisChinasfirstcolorcartoon.可知答案。答案：_C_,4WhichisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?AMaLiangpunishedthevillagerswithhisbrush.BLittleTadpoleLookingforMomcameoutin1964.CTheMonkeyKingisfromaChinesenovel.DCalabashBrothersisfromChineseclayart.【解析】本题考查对文章信息的综合推理判断能力。采取逐项分析排除法。根据第一个表格中Healwaysuseshismagicbrushtofightagainstthebadpeopleinthevillage.可知马良用画笔惩罚坏人，选项A是错误的；根据第二个表格中LittleTadpoleLookingforMomwaswatchedin1961first.可知选项B是错误的；根据第三个表格中ItisfromtheChinesenovelJourneytotheWest.可知选项C是正确的；根据第四个表格中CalabashBrothersisamasterpieceofChinesepapercuttingart.可知选项D是错误的。答案：_C_,5Fromthepassage，wecanlearnsomethingabout_.AfamouspeopleBChineseinventionsCtraditionalfoodDChinesecartoons【解析】主旨大意题。分析短文可知这四部作品都是中国动画片。答案：_D_,FouryearsagowhenIwasaboyof11，Igotintothebiggesttroubleasakid.ItwasaSaturdaymorning.Bothmyparentswereout，leavingmeandmy10montholdsisterhomealone.Anyway，mysisterwasstillasleepinherroom.InfactIhadthehousetomyself.Idecidedtodosomedrawing.SoonIgaveup.NothingwasonTV，soIfeltboredandtouchedthecandlesontheshelf.Ihadanidea！WhatwouldhappenifIsetfiretosomekitchenpaper？Well，ofcourseitwentonfire，butitwasntthetinyflame(火苗)Idexpected，andIcouldntblowitout.Ithrewitonthefloor，andthenluckilygotmydadsboots(靴子)andstampeditout,IthoughtIwassafeuntiltherewasaHUGEholeinmyroom.Whenmymumcamehomelater，shesmeltthesmokeimmediately.Shedroppedtheshoppingbag，luckilyforme，overthehole.Ithoughtthismeantshewouldneverseeit.However，afterrunningroundthehousecheckingforafire，sheo