宽心是福-Where is the news leading us.ppt

1,Whereisthenewsleadingus?,NormanCousins(1915-1990),2,BackgroundknowledgeTheauthorspoliticalview“NormanCousins(19151990)wasanAmericanpoliticaljournalist,author,professor,andworldpeaceadvocate.”-Wiki“Cousinslongstandingleadershipasaglobalpeacemakerisexploredaswellasenvisioningaworldwithinwhichpeaceandmutualrespectcouldexistamongstallpeoplewecanachieveonlythosegoalswedaretoenvision.Newspeopleprovideuswiththeonlypicturewehaveofourselvesandoftheworld.Differentlevelsofunderstandingwe/Iandthink,21,1st:areligiousunderstandingProverbs23:7states,“Forashethinkethinhisheart,soishe.”“Lifeconsistsinwhatamanisthinkingofallday,”saidRalphWaldoEmerson.Or,astheBuddhasaidintheopeninglineoftheDhammapada（句法经）(1:1):“Wearewhatwethink.Allthatweareistheresultofourthoughts.”,22,2ndlevel:aphilosophicalunderstandingRenDescartes(1596-1650)Descartesmostfamousstatementis:CogitoergosumFrench:Jepense,doncjesuis;English:Ithink,thereforeIam;ORIamthinking,thereforeIexist.HehasbeendubbedtheFatherofModernPhilosophy,andmuchofsubsequentWesternphilosophyisaresponsetohiswritings,whichcontinuetobestudiedcloselytothisday.,23,我思故我在意思是：“当我怀疑一切事物的存在时，我却不用怀疑我本身的思想，因为此时我唯一可以确定的事就是我自己思想的存在”,24,3rdinterpretation:Youarewhatyouthinkyouare:Theimpliedmeaning:yourattitudemanipulateyourwayofdoingthingsandyourfutureachievements.Yourattitudeinfluenceshowyourelateyourselftotheexternalworld.E.g.:Cousinsownexampleofcombatingtheseriousdisease:thepowerofbelief,25,L60(Para12)Theacquiredcultureisnottransmittedinourgenes.Theacquiredculture(i.e.,thegoodlifeinagoodsociety)canneverbeattainedandpossessedonceandforall.Itwillnotautomaticallybeingrainedinourblood/ourgeneticsystem.So,thewisdomofthegoodlifeinagoodsocietyneedstobetransmittedthroughthemedia.,26,Para13BernarddeChartres(1080?-1167),suggestedthatweusedhistoryboostingourselvesuponourexperiences:“likedwarfsseatedontheshouldersofgiants”Humanistandphilosopher,headofthecelebratedschoolofChartres,inFrance,whoseattempttoreconcilethethoughtofPlatowiththatofAristotlemadehimtheprincipalrepresentativeof12th-centuryPlatonismintheWest.,27,PlatowastheteacherofAristotle.Aristotleoncesaid:“Platoisdeartome,butdearerstillistruth”吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理。AristotlerefutesPlatosTheoryofIdeasonthreebasicgrounds:thattheexistenceofIdeascontradictsitselfbydenyingthepossibilityofnegations;thathisillustrationsofIdeasaremerelyemptymetaphors;andthatthetheoryusesimpermanentabstractionstocreateexamplesofperception.,28,BernardisaPlatonistandyettherepresentativeofareturntoNaturewhichcuriouslyanticipatesthehumanismoftheearlyRenaissance.JohnofSalisbury(Metalogicus,iv.35)attributestohimtwotreatises,ofwhichonecontraststheeternityofideaswiththefinitenatureofthings,andtheotherisanattempttoreconcilePlatoandAristotle.,29,Dwarfsstandingontheshouldersofgiants(Latin:nanosgigantumhumerisinsidentes)ThisisaWesternmetaphormeaning“Onewhodevelopsfutureintellectualpursuitsbyunderstandingtheresearchandworkscreatedbynotablethinkersofthepast”;acontemporaryinterpretation.However,themetaphorwasfirstrecordedinthetwelfthcenturyandattributedtoBernardofChartres.Itwasfamouslyusedbytheseventeenth-centuryscientistIsaacNewton.,30,CentralConcernsofPositivePsychology积极心理学关注的主要问题,PositivePsychology,PositiveInstitutions,PositiveIndividualTraits,Positiveemotions,31,AuthenticHappiness:UsingtheNewPositivePsychologytoRealizeYourPotentialforLastingFulfillment真正的幸福,32,Negativeemotionalwayshastheabilitytotrumppositiveemotion(Csikszentmihalyi)Thereseemstobeanidealratioofpositivetonegative3:1forhumanflourishing(BarbaraFredrickson),33,Thehighprevalencewo