上、下肢骨.ppt

TheBonesofLimbs,山东大学医学院解剖教研室,Bonesofupperlimbs,Composition:inlinewithShouldergirdle上肢带骨clavicle锁骨，scapula肩胛骨Bonesoffreeupperlimb自由上肢骨Humerus肱骨inarmRadius桡骨andulna尺骨inforearmCarpalbones腕骨Metacarpalbones掌骨phalangesoffingers指骨,Clavicle锁骨,“S”shaped,medial2/3convexforwardandlateral1/3convexbackwardSternalend胸骨端mediallyandacromialend肩峰端laterally,Superiorsurface,Inferiorsurface,Scapula肩胛骨,ThreebordersSuperior:coracoidprocess喙突,scapularnotch肩胛切迹Lateral(axillary)border腋缘Medial(vertebral)border脊柱缘ThreeanglesSuperior:oppositetothe2ndribInferior:oppositetothe7thribor7thintercostalspace肋间隙Lateral:glenoidcavity关节盂,肩胛颈supra-andinfraglenoidtubercles盂上、下结节TwosurfacesAnteriorsurfaceconcave凹面的:subscapularfossa肩胛下窝Posteriorsurface:supraspinousfossa冈上窝andinfraspinousfossa冈下窝,spineofscapula肩胛冈,acromion肩峰,Humerus肱骨,Upperend:headofhumerus肱骨头,anatomicalneck解剖颈,greaterandlessertubercles大、小结节,crestsofgreaterandlessertubercle,大、小结节嵴，intertuberculargroove结节间沟,surgicalneck外科颈Shaft:deltoidtuberosity三角肌粗隆onlateralsurface,andagrooveforradialnerve桡神经沟onposteriorsurfaceLowerend:capitulumofhumerus肱骨小头,trochleaofhumerus肱骨滑车,lateralandmedialepicondyles内、外上髁,coranoidfossa冠突窝andradialfossa桡窝(anteriorly)andolecranonfossa鹰嘴窝(posteriorly),andsulcusforulnarnerve尺神经沟,Radius,Upperend:headofradius桡骨头,articularcircumference环状关节面,neckofradius桡骨颈,radialtuberosity桡骨粗隆Shaft前面后面外侧面骨间缘interosseousborder(medialborder)Lowerend:styloidprocess茎突laterally,ulnarnotch尺切迹medially,andcarpalarticularsurface腕关节面inferiorly,Fractureofthedistalendoftheradius,Ulnar,Upperend:trochlearnotch滑车切迹olecranon鹰嘴coronoidprocess冠突radialnotch桡切迹ulnartubersity尺骨粗隆Shaft前面后面内侧面骨间缘interosseousborder(lateralborder)Lowerendheadofulna尺骨头styloidprocess尺骨茎突,Carpalbones腕骨Proximalrow(lateraltomedial)scaphoid手舟骨,lunate月骨,triquetral三角骨andpisiform豌豆骨Distalrow(lateraltomedial)trapezium大多角骨,trapezoid小多角骨,capitate头状骨andhamate钩骨,Metacarpalbones掌骨NumberedonetofivefromthumbtolittlefingerStructureofeachbase(proximally),shaft,andhead(distally)Phalangesoffingers指骨Consistof14twoforfirstdigit(thumb)andthreeforeachofotherfourdigitsStructureofeachbase(proximally),shaft,andtrochleaofphalanx(distally),tuberosityofdistalphalanx远节指骨粗隆,BonesofLowerLimb,Composition:Pelvicgirdle:hipbone髋骨Bonesoffreelowerlimb:Femur股骨inthigh(patella髌骨)Tibia胫骨andfibula腓骨inlegTarsalsbones跗骨,metatarsalbone跖骨phalangesoftoes趾骨infoot,Hipbone,Consistingofthreefusedbones,ilium髂骨,ischium坐骨,pubis耻骨Ilium髂骨Bodyofilium髂骨体toformsuperior2/5ofacetabulum髋臼Alaofilium髂骨翼:iliaccrest髂嵴,anteriorsuperioriliacspine髂前上棘，anteriorinferioriliacspine髂前下棘,tubercleofiliaccrest髂结节,posteriorsuperioriliacspine髂后上棘，posteriorinferioriliacspine髂后下棘,greatersciaticnotch坐骨大切迹,glutealsurface臀面，iliacfossa髂窝,arcuateline弓状线,auricularsurface耳状面,iliactuberosity髂粗隆,Ilium髂骨,Animaginarylinejoiningthehighestpointontheiliaccrestsoverthefourthlumbarspine.,Ischium坐骨Bodyofischium坐骨体toformposteriorandinferior2/5ofacetabulum,ischialspine坐骨棘,lessersciaticnotch坐骨小切迹Ramusofischium坐骨支,ischialtuberosity坐骨结节Pubis耻骨Bodyofpubis耻骨体toformanteriorandinferior1/5ofacetabulum,iliopubiceminence髂耻隆起Superiorramusofpubis耻骨上支:pectenofpubis耻骨梳,pubictubercle耻骨结节,symphysialsurface耻骨联合面,pubiccrest耻骨嵴Inferiorramusofpubis耻骨下支:obturatorforamen闭孔Acetabulum髋臼formedbybodiesofischium,iliumandpubisLunatesurface月状面,acetabularfossa髋臼窝,acetabularnotch髋臼切迹,Femur股骨,Upperend:femoralhead股骨头,foveaoffemoralhead股骨头凹,neckoffemur股骨颈,greatertrochanter大转子，lessertrochanter小转子,转子窝intertrochantericline转子间线,intertrochantericcrest转子间嵴Shaft:lineaaspera粗线,glutealtuberosity臀肌粗隆,pectinealline耻骨肌线，poplitealsurface腘面Lowerend:medialandlateralcondyles内、外侧髁，medialandlateralepicondyles内、外上髁,adductortubercle收肌结节，intercondylarfossa髁间窝,patellarsurface髌面,Fractureofthefemoralneck,Patella髌骨,Triangularsesamoidbone,Tibia胫骨,Upperend:medialandlateralcondyles内、外侧髁,intercondylareminence髁间隆起,fibulararticularsurface腓关节面,tuberosityoftibia胫骨粗隆Shaft:外侧面内侧面后面interosseousborder骨间缘(外侧缘)solealline比目鱼肌线Lowerend:fibularnotch腓切迹,medialmalleolus内踝,Fibula腓骨,Upperend:fibularhead腓骨头,neckoffibula腓骨颈Shaft:interosseousborder骨间缘(内侧缘)Lowerend:lateralmalleolus外踝,内侧嵴,前缘,Tarsalbones跗骨,ConsistofsevenshortbonesarrangedinthreerowPosteriorrowtalus距骨,calcaneus跟骨Intermediaterownavicularbone足舟骨Anteriorrowmedial,intermediate,andlateralcuneiformbone内侧、中间和外侧楔骨,cuboidbone骰骨,Metatarsalbones跖骨,numberedonetofivemedialtolateralStructureofeachbase(proximally),shaft,andhead(distally)ineachPhalangesoftoes趾骨Consistof14twoforfirsttoe(hallux)andthreeforeachofotherfourtoesSurfacelandmarks:phalanxtrochleaoftalus距骨滑车,calcanealtuberosity跟骨结节,tuberosityofnavicularbone舟骨粗隆,andtuberosityoffifthmetatarsalbone第五跖骨粗隆,Teachingoutline,1.Masterthecompositionandarrangementoftheappendicularskeletonoftheupperlimb.2.Mastertheshapeofclavicle,scapular,humerus,radius,ulnar.3.Masterthecompositionofbonesofhand,thearrangementofthecarpalbones.4.Masterthesurfacelandmarksofthebonesoftheupperlimb:spineofscapular,inferiorangleofscapula,acromion,clavicle,greatertubercleofhumerus,lateralandmedialepicondylesofhumerus,headofradius,olecranon,styloidprocessofradiusandulna.5.Masterthecompositionandarrangementoftheappendicularskeletonofthelowerlimb.6.Mastertheshapeofthehipbone,theshapeofthefemur,tibia,fibula.7.Masterthecompositionofthebonesoffoot,thearrangementofthetarsalbones.8.Masterthesurfacelandmarksofthebonesofthelo