人教版八年级下UNIT6单元导学.doc

新目标英语八年级下UNIT6How Long Have You Been Collecting the Shells?一、本单元语言目标：1.谈论人们做某事持续多长时间.2.谈论人们的业余爱好. 3.谈论人们收藏某物多长时间.二、重点单词KEY WORDSskate 滑冰；collect 收集，收藏；marathon马拉松；raise募集，筹措；several几个；globe球体；monster怪物，妖怪；probably大概，或许；store商店，店铺；particularly特别的，显著的；room空间；bamboo竹子；common共同的，普通的；free无拘束的，自由的；topic话题，题目；anyone任何人；else别的，其他的；shell贝壳；hobby业余爱好；congratulations祝贺三、重点词组KEY PHASESa pair of skats 一双溜冰鞋；snow globes里面有雪花的球型玻璃器；run out of用完；polar bear北极熊；let know使知道；collect shells收藏贝壳；movie tickest电影票；fly kites放风筝；three and a half years三年半四、重点句型KEY SENTENCE STRUCTURES1How long have you been collecting coins?你收集硬币有多久了？2I have been collecting coins for five years. 我收集硬币有五年了。3I have been collecting since I was a primary school student.我从上小学就开始收集了。4I have been collecting for five years. 我已经收集了有五年时间了。5How long did she surf the internet?她上网有多久了？6She surfed the internet for two years. 她上网有两年的时间了。7When did you get your first pair of skates?你什么时候得到你的第一双溜冰鞋？8I got my first pair of skates last year. 我去年得到我的第一双溜冰鞋。9Id like to collect stamps because they are interesting. 我喜欢集邮，因为邮票很有趣。10If anyong else collects them, please let me know. 如果其他人也收藏，请让我知道。五、重点语法1、现在完成进行时Ive been putting on weight.我的体重一直在增加。（表示体重从前段时间开始就一直在增加这种状态）现在完成进行时的构成：主语 + has/have been + 动词现在分词。比较：现在完成时：主语 + has/have + 动词过去分词现在完成进行时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去的动作，常与for, since, howlong等词连用。Eg.:She has been watching the talent show(才艺表演) for ten minutes.到现在为止，她看才艺表演已经有十分钟了（表示看才艺表演的状态已经持续了十分钟，而且还将进行下去）Ive been collecting the chells since I was ten years old. 我十岁时起就一直在收集贝壳。如果想“询问别人做一件事有多久了”，用以下句型：How long have/has + 主语 + 动词现在分词？How long have you been collecting the shells?你集贝壳有多长时间了？现在完成进行时经常用于How long have you（sb.）been doing sth.这个句型，表示某人做某事多长时间了.现在，可以谈论自己的爱好或兴趣持续多长时间了。Eg.:How long have you been studying English? 可以这样回答：I have been studying English for 5 years.另一种回答方式：I have been studying English since I was ten.For和since在表示时间时的用法区别：for + 时间段；since + 具体的时间点Eg.:1) I have been playing basketball for about ten years.2) Ive been collecting kites for seven months.3) He has been watching English movies since 1998.4) I have been listening to the music videos since I was seven years old.2、 另外几个简单句型：How long have you（sb.）been doingsth.?在一般情况下，也可用其他简单的句型来表达上述意思：Eg.:1)When did you start skating?I started skating at eight oclock.2)How long did you skate?I skated for two hours.3、现在完成进行时与一般过去时和现在进行时的区别1）一般过去时：表示过去发生的事，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。需要注意的是，只要有表示过去的时间，就不能用现在完成进行时。因此，不能说：eg.:I have been skating at eight oclock.(X)I have been skating since eight oclock.()Or:I have been skating for two hours. ()2）现在进行时：只表示这个动作现在正在进行，或现阶段正在进行。Eg.:I am skating now.Students are watching English movies in the classroom.4、 一些常见的爱好和特别爱好Whats your hobby?What are the most common hobbies? (最常见的爱好有哪些呢？)1）Common hobbies:collecting stamps; collecting shells; playing ball games（球类运动）; playing PC games（玩电脑游戏）; surfing the internet(上网); listeningto music; watching English movies; 2）Unusual hobbies: collecting old coins; collecting snow globes; making kites; What hobby would you like to try?5、文化点滴Different food culture:中西方饮食文化的一些差异1）In China, people share dishes; but in western countries, I eat my food; you eat yours.2）In China, friends order food to share, not to eat separately. In western countries, or