牛津英语五年级下册英语语法知识汇总 (1).doc

英语语法知识汇总-五B第一课时名词复数9重点：名词的复数变化规则。难点：灵活运用。各种不同情况变化方法例词一般情况直接加-sbook-books bag-bags cat-cats bed-beds以s. x. sh. ch结尾加-esbus-buses box-boxes brush-brushes watch-watches peachpeachesglass-glasses以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i, 再加-esfamily-families study-studies以“f或fe”结尾变f或fe为v，再加-esknife-knives不规则名词复数man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice foot-feet child-children fish-fish Chinese-Chinese这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is.1.一般+s 如mapmaps， bagbags等2.特殊：以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词+es如busbuses， watchwatches等； 3.以辅音字母+y结尾，去掉y加上ies，以元音字母+y结尾加上s4.以f或fe结尾，去掉f/fe加上ves。如 knifeknives leafleaves wolfwolves wifewives lifelives thiefthieves5.有时可数，有时不可数：典型例词：fish 当它解释为鱼肉时是不可数名词，当它解释成同一种鱼时，单复数同形，复数即为fish，当它解释为不同一种鱼时，+es,即为fishes.6.以o结尾，a) photophotos ，pianopianos,radioradios，zoozoos b）加es的名词有：potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes7.特殊词：child-children(小孩) man-men（男人） woman-women(女人）8.单复数同形(单数和复数一样）people(人）sheep(绵羊) deer（鹿）)9.国人变复数 :口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。 Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen American-Americans等等10. 字母、数字、引语、缩略语变复数，在其后加s或s。 eg. There are two ts in the word “bottle. There are two 1s in the number “2011.一、用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：1 There are three _(chair) in the classroom. 2These _(tomato) are red.3My brother looks after two _(baby) 4 My father likes to eat _(potato). 5Chinese _(people)like to eat noodles.6I have a lot of _(toy) in my bedroom.7I help my mother wash _(dish) in the kitchen. 8I have two _(pencil-box). 9There are some _(bus)in the street.10Peter has eight _(foot).二、选择填空 ( )1I can see three _ in the zoo. A monkeys B monkeyes C monkey ( )2.The pig has four _. A. foot B. feet C. foots ( )3.My two brothers are both _. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen ( )4.I can see ten _ in the picture. A. sheep B. dog C. pig ( )5.The _ has three_. A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches ( )6.Can you see _on the plate? A. bread B. breads C. breades( )7.The girl often brushes her_ before she goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth ( )8.Mr Black often drink some _.A. milk B. milks C.milkes ( )9.There are some _on the floor. A. child B. water C. books( )10.Lucy will show us some new _ of hers. A. photo B. photos C. Photoes第二课时2、人称代词和物主代词 人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性形容词性第一人称I（我）mewe（我们）usmy（我的）our（我们的）第二人称you（你）youyou（你们）youyour（你的）your（你们的）第三人称he（他）himthey（他/她/它们）themhis（他的）their（他/她/它们的）she（她）herher（她的）it（它）itit（它的）重点：区分人称代词和物主代词。 难点：词性。人称代词：有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。1、 用适当的人称代词填空： 1. _ is my aunt. we often visit _. ( she ) 2. china is a developing country. _is in the east of asia. ( its ) 3. what day is _ today? _ is thursday. (its) 5. i own a blue bike. the red one isnt _. ( i )二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空 1. i ate all _ sandwiches yesterday.( i ) can i have one of _ ? ( you ) 2. george has lost _ ( his ) pen. ask mary if（是否）she will lend him _ . ( she ) 3. jack has a dog and so have i. _ ( he ) dog and _( i ) had a fight (打架). 4. the teacher wants you to return that book of _ ( he ) 5. mr. and mrs. green and a friend of _ are coming to see us. ( they )三、用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空 a. 从括号内选择正确的代词填空1. your football clothes are on the desk. please put _(they，them，their，theirs) away.2. (we，us，our，ours)_ english teacher is mrs. green. we all like _(she，her，hers).3. (i，me，my，mine)_ cant get my kite. could you help _(i，me，my，mine)? b. 填入正确的人称代词和物主代词 1. this isnt_knife. _ is green. ( she ) 2. these are your books，kate. put _ in the desk，please. (they ) 3. _ must look after _ things. ( you ) 4. wei fang，is that _ ruler? yes，its.( you ) 5. they want a football. give _ the green one，please. ( they)四、用括号中的适当形式填空（1）are these _（you）pencils? yes, they are _（our）. （2）whose is this pencil? its _（i）. （3）i love _（they）very much. （4）she is_（i）classmate. 第三课时冠词指近处指远处单数this （这个）that （那个）复数these（这些）those（那些）有a、an、the。 a和an的区别：an用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母a、e、i、o、u）前，a用于辅音音素前。基本用法当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。 此类问题很多人都会陷入误区，认为见到a,e,i,o,u前面就该用不定冠词an,如果不是就用a，这是不对的哦，其实正确的理解应该是当单个字母或单词发音以元音开头就用an,否则用a，可以说当用an时与是否出现元音字母无关。 a用于辅音前；an用于元音前。一般说来，元音字母发元音，辅音字母发辅音。 但需请注意以下3点： (1拼写以辅音字母开头读音却以元音开头的单词 hour, honest, honor等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母h开头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此，前面要用an。 (2) 拼写以元音字母开头读音却以辅音开头的单词 useful, university, usual, united, European, one-eyed, one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头，但其读音却不以元音开头，因此，前面要用a。 (3)在26个英文字母中，a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x这12个字母的读音是以元音开头的，其余字母的读音则是以辅音开头的 1. In America, _ car is _ popular means of transportation（交通设施）.A. the, the B. a, the C. the, / D. the, a2. - What happened? - They left in such _ hurry that they forgot to lock _ door.A. a, a B. a, the C. /, the D. /, a3. There were two small rooms in the house, _ smaller of which served as _ kitchen.A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a4. I ordered _ book some time ago. _ book has arrived.A. a, The B. the, A C. a, A D. /, The5. Mr Smith is _ European and his wife is _ American.A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a第四课时特殊疑问句表示疑问，有疑问词（在开头），回答有很多种可能。常用疑问词： 疑问词意思用法What time什么时间问具体时间，如几点钟Who谁问人Whose谁的问主人Where在哪里问地点What什么问东西、事物What colour什么颜色问颜色How old多大年纪问年纪How many多少数量（可数名词）问数量How much多少钱；多少数量（不可数名词）问多少钱或数量（不可数）把下面的句子变成否定句。1. She is watching TV now. 2. We go to school on Sunday. 3. His father works hard. 4. Jacks mother is a nurse. 5. The cat runs fast. 把下列句子改为一般疑问句。1. We need some masks. 2. They like making the puppet. 3. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house. 4.I put a book on my head. 6. They sing “In the classroom”together. 第五课时一般现在时表示某动作或者某状态是经常发生的事情,或者是自然规律。 主语+be动词（am, is , are) 主语+动词原形（注意动词要根据主语变三单）（1）一般现在时中的be动词：一般用原形：am is aream用于第一人称单数（I）；is用于第三人称单数（he she it和其他人名或称谓，如：Ben his sister等）；are用于第二人称单数（you）和所有复数（包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you；第三人称复数they和其他复数，如the children 、 his parents等）。（2）一般现在时中的动词：第一种情况：主语是第三人称单数（he she it 和其他，如Helen 、her cousin 等），动词后一般加s或es。第二种情况：主语不是第三人称单数，动词都用原形。（4）一般现在时判断依据（如何判断一个句子是一般现在时）：be动词是am、is、are 动词用原形或加s、es没有时间状语或有usually、often、everyday、sometimes等不是具体的时间专项练习：一、 单选1 Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital.A work works B works work C work are working D is working work2 One of the boys_ a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain Bdidnt rain Cdoesnt rain Disnt rain4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets二、填空1 I can take Li Ming there when he _ ( come) to visit.2 _your sister_(know)English?3Her home_ _ _(远离 )her school.4The pot_(not look) like yours very much.5 Where _you_(have)lunch every day?第三人称形式易出错例：1 He plaies (play) football very well.2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.解析：1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es；2与名词变复数不同，变第三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es.2、 在句式变换时易出错例：1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?2 Brian doesnt lives (not live) in China.解析：单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时，可记住如下口诀：“见助动，用原形”。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g. He didnt go home yesterday.对do的理解易出错例：We dont (not do) our homework in the afternoon.解析：do是一个比较难理解的词，它有三个含义:a)是所有行为动词的总称；b)是助动词，无实义；c)是一个具体的行为动词“做，干”。此句中给出的do指“做，干”，not指把此句变为否定句，故须在do前加助动词dont。五、对主语的数判断有误例： Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”，但with在此做伴随状语，不能做主语，故用is.另外，宾语从句中，从句部分若是表示客观真理，不管主句是何时态，从句都要用一般现在时；在时间和条件状语从句中，主句表将来，从句要用一般现在时。第六课时现在进行时（1）构成形式：Be动词+动词的ing形式 这里强调一点，两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。（2）现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。（3）有用的依据：一个句子中既有be动词，又有动词，且动词加了ing 该句是现在进行时（4）句中往往有now、look、listen等词。动词现在分词的变化见下表：词尾情况变化方式例词一般情况加ingplay玩playing do做doinggo去going jump跳jumpingsing唱singing ski滑雪skiingsee看见seeing 以不发音的e结尾去e加ingmake做making take拿到takinglike喜欢liking come来comingwrite写writing dance跳舞dancinghave有having close关closing以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后一个辅音字母再加ingswim游泳swimming sit坐sittingrun跑running get得到gettingput放putting begin开始beginningjog慢跑jogging练习：1Mr Zheng (read) a book now.2. The rabbits (jump) now.3. Look ! Tom and John (swim).4. My brother (make) a kite in his room now.5. Look! The bus (stop).6. We (have) an English class now.7. Listen! Someone is (come).8. They (catch) butterflies now.9. He (do) an experiment now.10. They (collect) stamps now.第七课时小知识点同音词： too-two-tobuy-by I-eyefour-forthere-their right-write sun-son no-knowhere-hear whos-whose近义词：many-a lot of / lots oflarge-big desk-table photo-picture lamp-light like-love反义词或对应词： old-new go-come big-small open-close black-white here-there完整形式：lets=let us(让我们) Id=I would cant=can not Im=I am词性变换：one(序数词) first monkey（复数）monkeys skiing(原形)skiis（复数）are families（单数）family make（现在分词）makingwe are(缩略形式)were do(第三人称单数)does have(第三人称单数)hasp