医学词汇构词法.ppt

ByWangLanyingForeignLanguageDepartment,TheFormationofMedialVocabulary,ACourseofLearningEnglishforMedicalPurposes,I.Target,1.Masteringmedicallanguage:vocabularyanddiscourselevellearning,2.Practicalapplicationofmedicalcommunication:speakingandwritingwithML,I.Target,3.Nurturethesenseofstylisticresearch,II.Methodology,1.Acquiretheknowledgeofwordformation,2.Understandthemedicallanguagetraitsthroughreading,3.Observeandsummarizethestylisticfeatures,4.Activeandenergeticlearningundertheteachersguide,III.CourseArrangement,1.72Teachingperiods,4/week,2.EightUnitsthisterm,3.Requiredcourseandexam,4.Termachievements:basedonassignments,quiz,classresponse,andfinalexamdynamically,Davi-EllenChambersays:Studyingmedicalwordsisverysimilartolearninganewlanguage.ThewordsatfirstsoundstrangeandcomplicatedalthoughtheymaystandforcommonlyknownEnglishterms.Thewordsgastralgia,meaning“stomachache”,andophthalmologist,meaningeyedoctor,areexamples.Themedicallanguageisfascinatinglylogicalinthateachterm,complexorsimple,canbebrokendownintoitsbasiccomponentpartsandthenunderstood.,Whatismedicallanguage?,Basicelementsofmedicalwords,Mostmedicalwordsaremadefromacombinationofthefollowingelements:thepartofthewordthatweshallcallthebase(root/stem)becauseitcontainsthemostfundamentalmeaningofthatword,prefixesandsuffixes,andvowels(o/a)thatjoinalltheseparts.,Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis(45letters),Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis,粉尘病,火山,硅/矽,超显微的,肺的,Itdevelopsonlyafteryearsofexposuretolowlevelsofsilicadust.医硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptomsincludehyperventilation,coughing,dysphonia(发声困难),anorexia(厌食),chestpainandincreasedsusceptibilitytotuberculosis,Threemajorobjectivestokeepinmindasyoustudymedicalterminology.Toanalyzewordsstructurally.Learntodividewordsintobasicelementssuchasroots,suffixes,prefixes,combiningvowels,andcombiningforms.,gastr/o/enter/o/logy,root,root,suffix,Combiningform,Electr/o/cardi/o/gram,root,root,root,combiningvowel,combiningvowel,心电图,2.Tocorrelateanunderstandingofwordelementswiththebasicanatomy,physiology,anddiseaseprocessesofthehumanbody.Suchashemat/o/logymeansthestudyoftheblood.,3.Tobecontinuallyawareofspellingandpronunciationproblems.Hepatoma:tumoroftheliver肝细胞瘤Hematoma:bloodtumor血肿,OncologyNephrologyNeurologyGastroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatoma,anatomy:processofcuttingupgastrectomy:removalofthestomacharthrotomy:incisionofajointleukemiaanemiaerythremiaLeukocytosis白细胞增多Necrosis坏死Erythrocytosis红细胞增多,TheRolesofPronunciation,MedicalTerminologySystemsOrgansTissuesCells,Endocrinesyst.,Reproductivesyst.,MasteryofMedicalWords,OrgansTissuesCells,Distributionofvocabularyinmedicalliterature,Essentialvoc.,Popularsciencevoc.,Medicalterms,The2ndcategory(15%):hepatitis,appendicitis,encephalopathy,immunodeficiencysyndrome,The3rdcategory(15%):distill,dilute,dissolve,filtration,magnetization,dynamics,meteorology,pigmentation,The1stcategory70%:comment,investigate,study,Distributionofvocabulary,Combiningforms,prefixes,suffixes,cyt/o:cellderm/o:skinbi/o:lifeaden/o:glandarthr/o:jointnephr/o:kidneyhepat/o:liverleuk/o:whiteoste/o:bone,epi-:abovemulti-:manypoly-:manyex-:outendo-:insidetrans-:acrosshyper-:excessivehypo-:deficient,-emia:bloodcondition-ectomy:excision-gram:record-cyte:cell-scope:instrumentfrovisuallyexam-itis:inflammation-ist:personspecializedin-logy:processofstudy-oma:tumor-osis:abnormalcondition-tomy:cutting,Howtoimproveyourwordpower,I.ConversionII.derivativeIII.Compounding,opportunist条件致病菌physiology/-ist/-gicasymptomaticantivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis放射免疫电泳,（后缀）透入,I.Conversionhost大批、许多、东道主、主持人、宿主sympatheticblock交感神经阻滞术sympatheticnerve交感神经cell隐士的小屋，巢室，电池，小修道院capsule小盒子，航天舱，胶囊药,被膜,reservoir贮主(zhu)toprotecttracheafromcollapsingtheuncompromisedhostspaceoccupyinglesionopportunisticinfectionTargettherapy,II.Derivative,AtypicalAsymptomaticAntivirusAntigenAntibodyIntercostalIntercellulartricuspid,MuscularPhysiological/physiologicallyMicroscopic/microscopicallyImmunoreactivityImmunoreactantImmunologictoleranceimmunomodulation,Prefix:ir-il-im-mis-,irregularityirresistableillegal,illiterateimmatureimmobileimmodestimmoralitymisbehaviormisleadmisfortunemisunderstand,PrefixDis/dys-dishonestdysphoniadisorderdyspneadiseasein-inexperiencedinsufficiencyinadequateinactivated,none-nonsmokernonelectrolytenonstresstestnonulcerdyspepsianonspecificimmunitynonsensemutationnonself,非抽烟者非电解质无应激实验非溃疡性消化不良非特异性免疫无义突变非自我的,un-unconditionedreflex非条件反射undifferentiatedcellleukemia未分化细胞白血病unresolvedpneumonia未吸收肺炎unsaturatedfattyacid不饱和脂肪酸unstableangina不稳定型心绞痛,Suffix:n.relianceresistanceexistencecoldnessconsciousnessdecisioncollisioninclusiontreatmentencouragement,Adj.generouscontinuousmiscellaneouscongenitalconspicuousscrupuloussimultaneouslyapparentlysubstantially,ex-exclusionexcretionexhaleex-presidentex-wifeexclude,排斥排泄呼气前总统前妻排除在外,V.-en.(a.+en)whitenwidenfasten(tie)lengthenshortenworsenweakenbrightenlighten,-aln.survivalrefusalarrivalproposalwithdrawalremoval(butnot:compose,compromise),III.Compounding,Immunostimulant免疫兴奋药Polyneuropathy多神经病Polyomavirus多瘤病毒syngenesiotransplantation同血统移植术Traumaticencephalopathy外伤性脑病,Cerebrospinal脑脊髓的Cerebrotomy脑切开术Cerebrovascular脑血管的Cardiomyopathy心肌病Cardiohepatic心肝的Cardioinhibitor心动抑制药Postnasaldrip后鼻滴注Postmenopausal绝经后,Organrootcombiningwordsliverhepato/a-hepatocarcinomalungpulmono-pulmonoaortickidneyreno-/nephro-nephrotoxinheartcardio-cardiovalvularnerveneuro-neurocytomaspleensplen(o)splenemia脾充血,braincerebro-cerebrovascularheadcephal(o)cephalosporinP头孢菌素Peyeophthalm/ophthalmoscope检眼镜skindermo-dermopathy皮肤病earoto-otologychestthorac/o-thoracolumbar,nosenaso-nasoantritis鼻上颌窦炎throatlaryngolaryngitis喉炎PharynxPharyngpharyngectomy咽切除arteri/oarteryarteriostenosis动脉狭窄vasovesselvasodilation,描述人体器官方位：Anterioranteriorbandofcolon结肠前带posteriorposteriorteeth后牙superiorsuperiorvenacava上腔静脉inferiorinferiorthyroidartery甲状腺下动脉,interbetweeninteratrial房间的IntrainsideintracellularEndointra-endocarditisPolymany,muchpolyarthritisMultimany,muchmulticuspid多尖的Hyperhigh,extrahypertension,hypo-low,lesshypotensionhomo-samehomolateral同侧的homografthetero-differentheteroantigen异种抗原dys-abnormaldysplasia发育不良dyspnea呼吸困难dysphonia发声困难,counter-againstcountercurrent逆流countertransport反向转运psycho-mentalpsychologypsychiatryelectro-electricityelectrosynthesisstaphyl/o-葡萄、悬雍垂staphylotoxin葡萄球菌毒素staphyloplasty悬雍垂成形术,thrombo-血栓thrombolymphangitis血栓性淋巴管炎thromboendocarditis血栓性心内膜炎meningo-脑膜，脑脊膜meningoencephalomyelitis脑脊膜脑脊髓炎meningoencephalitis脑膜脑炎,radio-radiationradionuclideangiocardiography放射性核素心血管造影术immuno-immunityimmunosuppressionlympho-lymphoaticlymphocytopenia淋巴细胞减少Strepto链球菌的streptococcusstreptomycin,Osteoboneosteocystoma骨囊瘤Lumb/olumbarlumbodynia腰痛lumbocostal腰肋的Syn-combining/togethersynchromism同步现象synchronizedsleep同步睡眠Tri-threetricuspidtriphosphate三磷酸盐De-removaldehydration脱水deceleration减速,Suffix:-itisinflammationhepatitisbronchitisnephritiscolitisgastritisappendicitisotitisendocarditispanarthritis多发性关节炎,-tomy(removal)splenectomyappendectomypharyngectomy-graphy（照像术）cephalography测颅术cardiography心动描记法,-gramimagingcardiogram心动图-scope(glass)ophthalmoscopestethoscopemicroscopetelescopemicrosc