《初级英语部分》PPT课件.ppt

形容词和副词,形容词:用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。AbigtreeThebookisinteresting.副词:用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。Theboxisveryheavy.Ilikeitverymuch.Unfortunately,helostthegame.,1。形容词的位置：形容词一般放被修饰词的前面Itisaquietplace.2。副词的位置：频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。Ioftengotoschoolbybike.,注：形容词后置的情况:,1）。当形容词修饰不定代词one,no,any,some或every构成的复合词，如：something,anything,nothingHedideverythingpossibletohelpus.,2)只能充当表语的形容词必须后置Shewastheonlypersonawakeatthatnight.,表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如amanalive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。,3)enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。Ihaveenoughtime(timeenough)。Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.,4)形容词else放不定代词或疑问代词后作定语AnythingelsecanIdoforyou,sir?,多个形容词作定语的排列：,几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A）+描绘性形容词+size（大小）+shape（形状）+age（年龄、时间）+color（颜色）+origin（国籍、来源）+material（材料）+purpose（目的，用途）+名词。如：AheavyblackChinesesteelumbrellaTheyboughtacharmingbigroundnewblackFrenchwoodenwritingdesklastyear.,几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式地点时间。如：WehadagoodtimetogetheroutdoorslastSunday.,多个形容词作定语的排列：,2意义相差很大的同根副词,close接近地closely密切地free免费地freely自由地hard努力地hardly几乎不late晚lately近来most非常mostly主要地wide广阔地widely广泛地high高highly高度地deep深deeply抽象意义的“深”loud大声地loudly大声地（含有“喧闹”)near邻近nearly几乎,表具体,表抽象,形容词和副词的比较等级,（1）原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：1。表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构；XiaoWangisastallasXiaoYu.MissXuspeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyou.2。表示双方不相等时，用“notso(as)+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构；Thisbuildinglooksnotso(as)highasthatone.3。表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构。如：Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.,（2）比较级的用法。对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than”的结构表示。如：Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”的结构表示。如：Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、alot、abit、alittle、still、much、far、yet、byfar等修饰。如：Heworksevenharderthanbefore.,表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the+比较级（主语+谓语），the+比较级（主语+谓语）”的结构（意为“越越”）。如：Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels.不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构。如：Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.Thegirlbecomesmoreandmorebeautiful.某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在之前）等。HeissuperiortoMr.Zhanginchemistry.,在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。Thebookonthetableismoreinterestingthanthat(或theone)onthedesk.Aboxmadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.,倍数的表达法：,1。主语谓语倍数as原级as+比较对象TheroomwhereIstayedlastnightisthreetimesasbigasmyownroom.,2。主语谓语倍数the+度量名词of+比较对象主语谓语倍数what-clauseOurclassroomisthreetimesthesizeoftheirs.Thelengthoftheroadistwicewhatitwasthreeyearsago.,3。主语谓语倍数比较级than+比较对象主语谓语比较级than+比较对象by+倍数TomhasfourtimesmoremoneythanIhave.Thelineislongerthanonebytwice.,用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.翻译：这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.,(3)最高级的用法。三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.最高级可被序数词以及much、byfar、nearly、almost、bynomeans、notquite、notreally、nothinglike等词语所修饰。如：Thishatisbyfar/much/nearly/almost/notnearly/bynomeans/notquite/nothinglikethebiggest.Howmuchdidthemostexpensivehatcost?,注意：1。否定比较级表最高级的意义Hehasneverspentamoreworryingday.2。than后加anyother+单数名词，allother,theothers,anyother,anyoftheother,anythingelse表最高级Sheplaysthepianobetterthananyotherstudent/allotherstudents/anyoftheotherstudents/anyoftheothers/anybodyelseinherclass.,形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况,形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。Ofalltheboyshecame(the)earliest.形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。如：Heisamostcleveryoungpoliceman.(amost=very)Thefilmismostinteresting.(most=very)表示两者间“较的一个”比较级前加the。如：whoistheolderofthetowboys?在“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构中。在same前一般要加the。有些形容词前加the成为名词。如thepoor、therich等。,与形容词相关的几个句型：,1)tooto,too+adj./adv.+todo太。而不能做某事,too+adj.(表个性品质）todo非常。做。toonottodo.太。不会不做。not/nevertootodo永不、决不。onlytoo/buttootodo十分，非常，极其,Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.=Theboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.Heiseagertoleave.Sheisonlytoopleasedtohelpyou.,2）morethan.与其说。倒不如说。=belessthan=benotso/asmuchas=beratherthan.=beratherthan.,与其说她受伤倒不如说害怕。Shewasmorefrightenedthanhurt.=Shewaslesshurtthanfrightened.=Shewasfrightenedratherthanhurt.=Shewasratherfrightenedthanhurt.,3）cannottoo/cannevertoo越。越好Onecanneverbetoocarefultostudy.,4）A对B犹如C对D一样AistoB(just)asCistoD=AistoBwhatCistoD=(Just)AsCistoD,soisAtoB=WhatCistoD,thatisAtoB,Airistousaswateristofish.=Airistouswhatwateristofish.=Aswateristofish,soisairtous.=Whatwateristofish,thatisairtous.,no/not+比较级than的特殊含义AisnomorecarefulthanB.A和B一样都不细心AisnolesscarefulthanB.A和B一样细心AisnotmorecarefulthanB.A不如B细心AisnotlesscarefulthanB.A比B细心,注意：,1。比较的对象应该相同Theradiosmadeinourfactoryarebetterthanthose(made)inyourfactory.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofanyothercountryintheworld.,2.比较的对象不能相互包容比较级than+anyother+单数名词/all(the)other+pl./anyoneelse/anyofother+pl.TheMississippiRiverislongerthananyotherriverintheUnitedStates.ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia/anycountryinAfrica.,3。修饰比较级的修饰语有：rather,much,still,even,far,any,alot,agreatdeal,byfar,abit,threetimes.Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.,4。修饰最高级的修饰语有：序数词，byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notrealy,notquite,nothinglike.Idliketobuythesecondmostexpensivecamera.,5.比较状语中动词的使用：BoblooksyoungerthanIdo.Boblooksyoungerthanheis.BoblookedyoungerthanIdid.Iknowyoubetterthanhedoes.Iknowyoubetterthanhim.,6。比较中的省略：1）从句省略整个谓语，保留主语Ourlibraryhasasmanybooksasyours.,2）省去谓语保留主语和be,have或助动词Susanhasdoneasmuchhomeworkasyouhave.,3）省略主语和谓语，保留状语Sheismuchbetterthanyesterday.,4）省去整个than从句Sheismuchhealthierandhappier.,无比较级，最高级的形容词和副词,1。表示比较，特殊意义的：comparative(ly),relative(ly),special(ly),2。表绝对意义的unexpected(ly),entire(ly),excellent(ly),perfect(ly),total(ly),thorough(ly),whole(ly),complete(ly),3。表大小，极限，主观，上下的：extreme(ly），main,major,chief(ly),senior,4。表性质特征的scientific,wooden,golden,woolen,5。表独一无二的，形状的，强调的only,single,round,level,very,own,simply,favorite,1.Marykeptweighingherselftoseehowmuch_shewasgetting.heavierB.heavyC.theheavierD.theheaviest2.The_housesmellsasifithasntbeenlivedinforyears.littlewhitewoodenB.littlewoodenwhiteC.whitewoodenlittleD.woodenwhitelittle3.Therearetwobuildings,_standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich,A,A,D,4.ItisreportedthattheUnitedStatesuses_energyasthewholeofEurope.astwiceB.twicemuchC.twicemuchasD.twiceasmuch5.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_tocarryallthewayhome.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuchHedidit_ittookme.one-thirdatimeB.one-thirdtimeC.theone-thirdtimeD.one-thirdthetime,D,A,D,7.Borishasbrains.Infact,Idoubtwhetheranyoneintheclasshas_IQahighB.ahigherC.thehigherD.thehighest8.Inrecentyearstravelcompanieshavesucceededinsellingustheideathatthefurtherwego,_.ourholidaywillbebetter.ourholidaywillbebestthebetterourholidaywillbethebetterwillourholidaybe.,B,C,9._totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.BraveenoughstudentsB.EnoughbravestudentsC.StudentsbraveenoughD.Studentsenoughbrave10.-Jimhashiswifedoallthehousework!Isnthewise?-Notreally.Heis_.morewisethanlazyB.wiserthanlazyC.morelazythanwiseD.lazierthanwise,C,C,11.Afteralongwalk,shewas_tiredthatshehadtogoupstairsandrest.muchB.enoughC.tooD.that12.Whydidntyoubuythecamerayouhadlongedfor?-Ihadplannedto,butIwas$50_.fewerB.lessC.cheapD.short13.Johnisverylazy.Hefalls_behindinhisstudies.veryB.moreC.farD.still,D,D,C,14.Itwasrainingheavily.LittleMaryfeltcold,soshest