城市轨道交通专业英语 课程教案(第6周1—2节).doc

城市轨道交通专业英语 课程教案（第6周12节）授课题目Unit 2 Knowledge of TrafficLesson 5 Rail Transit （上）授课类型讲授型教学目标Master the related knowledge of Rail Transit重 点1. Light Rail Transit2. Heavy Rail Transit（上） 难 点 In this ease, tracks are usually laid on open ballast between intersections, both for a low-cost comfortable profile and to prevent motor vehicles from encroaching on the tracks. Both.and.不但而且；既又 本文中both. And.短语连接了for a low-cost comfortable profile (造价经济，乘坐舒适）和to prevent motor vehicles from encroaching on the tracks (防止机动车辆驶入轨道）这两部分，阐明了轨道铺设在裸露碎石上的两个用途（目的）教学过程结合同学们对城市轨道运输的认知程度，根据教材详细讲述轻轨运输、重轨运输（上半部分内容）等相关知识以及文中生词、短语、及语法结构 作 业1.New Words and Expressions2. Notes on the text主要教学内容Rail Transit（城市）轨道运输1.Light Rail Transit轻轨运输The right-of-way for light rail transit routes includes sections of shared, semi exclusive and exclusive facilities. 轻轨运输根据其通行权包括共用设施、半专用设施和专用设施三部分。The last of these becomes similar to heavy rail transit design ( discussed in the next section) , except that power distribution systems and station platform lengths differ.这三部分中的最后一项即专用设施与重轨运输（将在下一节中讨论）相似，只是其动力分布系统和站台长度有所不同。Shared, on street track alignment is primarily determined by the geometry of the streets available for the route. 共用设施的轨道路线定位主要取决于所经过街道的几何线形。Turning radii can be quite short, but track spacing at sharp curves must be increased so that front and rear overhangs of one vehicle do not collide with the center portion of a vehicle on the adjacent track. 其转弯半径可以很小，但是在急转弯处，轨道之间的间隔必须增大，以避免车辆的前后外伸部分与相邻轨道上车辆的中部相撞。This may preclude simultaneous 900 turns at intersections of two narrow streets, and dictate single-track, alternate movement, or other design solutions.这项要求不允许在两条狭窄街道相交的十字交叉口上同时进行90度转弯，却允许单轨、交替通行轨道和其他类型的轨道的设计方案。Semi exclusive route sections can be placed in the median strip of wide arterials with crossings at grade. 半专用的轨道没施可以设置在宽的干线道路的中央分隔带上，轨道之间的交叉采用平交形式。 In this case, tracks are usually laid on open ballast between intersections, both for a low-cost comfortable profile and to prevent motor vehicles from encroaching on the tracks. 在这种情况下，轨道通常被铺设在裸露的碎石上，目的是使造价经济、乘坐舒适，同时防止机动车辆驶人轨道。Curve geometries are usually designed for somewhat higher speeds ( larger radii ) , but clearances of vehicles at curves can still be a problem.曲线的几何线形设计通常应适宜较高的车速（大半径），但是车辆在转弯处的横向净空仍然是一个问题Sometimes, the methods of priority treatment for buses are applicable to streetcar operation.公交优先方法有时被应用到有轨电车的运行上。This applies particularly to signal priority measures and exclusive use of streets in downtown areas.尤其是应用于信号优先的管理措施和中心区的专用街道。The speed and track capacities of LRT are only moderately lower than heavy rail transit. 轻轨运输的车速和通行能力比重轨运输的稍小。More direct service with branch or parallel lines can often be provided: stops may be located route accessibly and spaced more closely to reduce walking distances. 由于轻轨路线有分支或平行路线，因此它可以提供更多的便捷服务：行人更容易进人站点；站点间距变小，从而减少了人们的步行距离。Thus, overall door-to-door travel times for urban trips up to perhaps 10mile ( 16km) may be in the same range as provided on fully gade-separated urban rapid transit facilities.因此，对于10英里06公里）长的城山出行距离，所要花费的按户到达的全部出行时间与那些全部立交的城市快速运输设施所要用的时间大致相同。 Attractive linear park treatments such as along St. Charles and Carlton Avenues in New Orleans and Beacon Street inBrookline，can provide additional amenities along and in the streetcar right-of-way located in street medians.线形公园的处置可以为设置在街道中央的路面电车提供更多的愉悦感，例如新奥尔良的查尔斯街和卡尔顿大街以及波土頓的比肯街沿线。2. Heavy Rail Transit 重轨运输Because of the enormous investment required for the infrastructure of hilly separated rail transit ，such mutes are only built in corridors very large traffic demand. 由于修建完全立交的轨道基础设施需要大量的投资 ， 所以这种线路只修建在交通需求很大的通道内。This technology offers very fast, high-capacity service, but the network extent is necessarily limited by available funds, and feeder services are required to serve the rail routes.这种技术虽然可以提供快捷、 大容量的服务 ， 但是其网络的拓展不可避免地受到可用资金的限制，而且全线都需要支线服务Heavy rail transit alignments are based on very detailed studies of demand, station locations, and relative costs. 重轨运输路线的设计建立在非常洋细的交通需求、站点位置和相关费用调查研究的基础上The decision on vertical alignment is made primarily so that the sum of land, construction, and environmental costs is minimized, although irregular topography also plays a role.虽然不规则的地形会产生一定的影响，但首先要确定路线的纵断面，土地价格、结构造 价和环境造价最小。Construction costs are least at grad