天津卷 2009-2015年 英语阅读表达 真题汇总+答案.doc

2009天津卷Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）. They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will knowor even think to askwho it was that invented them.Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries around in baskets they had to carry.One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.On June 4, 1937, Goldmans first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldnt wait to see them using his invention.But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they werent using his carts. “Dont you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.But Goldman wasnt beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony（假冒的） customers.As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people comethose who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.Todays shopping carts are five times larger than Goldmans original model. Perhaps thats one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937before the coming of the shopping cart.56. The underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to _. （No more than 3 words）57. What was the purpose of Goldmans invention? （No more than 10 words）58. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （No more than 10 words）59. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （No more than 10 words）60. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. （No more than 20 words）2010天津卷When Dan Shaw gets up from the sofa in his home, Cuddles is never far away. When he wants to go outside, he doesnt take Cuddles out for walkCuddles takes him for a walk. Cuddles is clearly no ordinary family pet. It is a two-foot-high miniature horse and serves as the guiding eyes of Shaw, who is blind.When Shaw lost his sight, his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog. Shaw, an animal lover, said he couldnt bear to part with a dog (which usually lives about eight to ten years) and get used to a new one, perhaps several times in his life.Then Shaw heard of a program about the tiny guide horses. He learned that the horses possess many qualities that make them an excellent choice for guiding people. They are clean, friendly, smart and have great memories. They can be trained to remain calm in noisy and crowded places. Best of all, they live for 2535 years, which would enable Shaw to have the same guide companion for most or all of his life.Shaw immediately applied to be and was accepted as the first person to receive a guide horse. The instant he met Cuddles, he knew he was making the right choice. Then he began his training.Through training ,Shaw and Cuddles learned to find their way on busy streets, step over curbs（便道沿儿）and find elevator buttons. Cuddles even demonstrated（显示）its ability to step in front of Shaw and block him, to prevent him from walking into a dangerous situation. The little horse also expertly led Shaw through busy shopping malls. They got along without any difficulties. Now Shaw is confident that Cuddles will change his life for the better.56. Whats the meaning of the underlined word “miniature” in Paragraph 1?(No more than 2 words)57. Why didnt Shaw want to choose a dog as his guide? (No more than 15 words)58. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? (No more than 10 words)59. How does Shaw feel about his future life with the help of Cuddles? (No more than 10 words)60. In your opinion, what is the ideal relationship between man and animals? (No more than 20 words)2011天津卷In college, Spring Break（春假）is usually associated with the beach, parties and sleepless nights, bringing about relaxation, free time and friends. Students who wish to spend their break doing something productive and rewarding, however, may choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program. It places college students in communities both at home and abroad.The Program allows students to take part in various projects dealing with issues such as literacy（识字）, homelessness and the environment. It includes helping kids with their lessons, raising money for families in need and collecting data for environmental research.The hope is that, by getting themselves involved in different environments, students will have the opportunity to learn about members of communities and broaden their view. In turn, they will incorporate (融合) their experiences and lessons learned into their own communities. In a word, the Program aims to encourage students to be active citizens and encourage themselves in making a difference in society.In the spring of 2006, about 36,000 students in the USA participated in the Alternative Break Program.Samantha Giacobozzi, now director of the Program, has been on five alternative break trips herself, including trips to New Orleans, India and Dominican Republic. “I was a student who went on alternative break trips and had my life totally transformed by that experience,” she said. “Every year, we meet many students who have attended the Program. You can see changes in their life that are connected with their alternative break experiences.”The Program began in 1991. Today, it has become increasingly popular with college students in the United States.56.Who may choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program?(No mare than 10 words)_57. What is the aim of the Program? (No more than 15 words)_58.What is the meaning of the underlined word “transformed” in Paragraph 5?(1 word)_59.What is Samanthas attitude toward the Program?(No more than 10 words)_60. If you take part in the Program, which project are you interested in? And why?(No more than 25 words) _ 2012天津卷Born in 1949, Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a Florida State High School swimming champion. Like many young athletes, she had Olympic dreams, but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. The disappointment didnt stop her from going forward. Instead, she became interested in marathon swimming. A brilliant athlete, she was well-conditioned for spending long periods of time in the water. As a long-distance swimmer, she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion.For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the worlds best long-distance swimmers. In 1970, she swam a ten-mile marathon in Lake Ontario, setting the womens record for the course. In 1972 she set another record by swimming 102.5 miles from an island in the Bahamas to the coast of Florida. Then she broke a third record when swimming around Manhattan Island in 1975.Nyad attempted to swim the distance between Florida and Cuba in 1978. Though the span of water is less than 100 miles wide, it is rough and dangerous. After battling the water for two days, she had to give up for the sake of her own health and safety. Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed. For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reaching Cuba. That is how she defined success. It did not matter that her swim came up short; she believed she had touched the other shore.When Nyad ended her career as a swimmer, she continued to try new thingstravelling the world as a reporter, writing books and giving public speeches about her life. Diana Nyad works to inspire others, just as she did when she swam the waters of the world.56. What prevented Nyad from taking part in the Olympic Games? (No more than 5 words)57. What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean?(1 word)58. What achievement did Nyad make in 1970? (No more than 10 words)59. Why did Nyad believe that she had touched the other shore?(No more than 10 words)60. Please explain how you are inspired by Nyad. (No more than 20 words)2013天津卷My name is Clara. I still remember that chilly December day, sitting in science class. Id finished a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine. A piece of news caught my eye: NASA was holding an essay contest to name its Mars rover(火星探测器). Before I even knew anything else about it, a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind: Curiosity.I couldnt wait for the bell to ring so I could get started on my essay. That afternoon, I raced home, sat down at the computer, and typed until my fingers ached.“Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyones mind.”Five months later, my mom received a phone call, and immediately, a wide smile spread across her face.On August 5,2012,at 10:31 p.m., the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars, and I was honored to have a front-row seat in NASA.Curiosity is such an important part of who I am. I have always been fascinated by the stars, the planets, the sky and the universe. I remember as a little girl, my grandmother and I would sit together in the backyard for hours. Shed tell me stories and point out the stars, Grandma lived in China, thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas, but the stars kept us together even when we were apart. They were always there, yet there was so much I didnt know about them. Thats what I love so much about space.People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mars. My answer is simple: because were curious. We human beings do not just hole up in one place. We are constantly wondering and trying to find out whats over the hill and beyond the horizon.56. How did Clara get the news about the essay contest?(no more than 10 words) _57. Why did Clara have a front-row seat in NASA?(no more than 10 words) _58. What does Clara remember about the time spent with Grandma?(no more than 15 words) _59. What does the underlined phrase“hole up”mean?(1 word) _60. In your opinion,why is curiosity important?(no more than 20 words) _2014天津卷Last December, Doris Low turned 90. Once a week she still drives to the Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB) in Toronto, where she helps transform literature into Braille(盲文) to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hears and minds of blind readers. She has been volunteering her time and talents to such enterprises foe more than 40 years.After working in the business world for a while, Low got fed up. So she turned to teaching at a technical school and later moved into the library.Lows mother liked reading. As her eyes began to fail, low read to her. Then “ hearing an advertisement encouraging people to learn Braille, I decided to give it a try.” In 1973, she was certified as a braille transcriber (转译者) and began transcribing books as a volunteer for the CNIB library.The job was strenuous -she could get to the end of a page, make a mistake on the last line, and have to do the whole thing again. For a number of years, low also worked in the CNIB sound studio reading books onto tape. Three years ago, she took up proofreading (校对) at the CNIBs word factory.In April, during Volunteer Week, the CNIB recognized Low for her great contributions. Thanks to volunteers like Low, the CNIB library has got more than 80,000 accessible materials for people unable to read traditional print. “ I cant imagine how many readers of all ages have benefited from Doriss contribution as a skilled volunteer through her rich voice and her high degree of accuracy in the hundreds of books she has brailled and proofread over the years- and she is still doing so,” said a CNIB official.来源*:%zzs#tep.&com“For me,” said Low, “the CNIB is more than just a place to volunteer. Three things matter most in my life: a little play, a little work, a little love. Ive found them all here.”56. What does Low still do at the age of 90 at the CNIB? ( no more than 10 words) _57. why did Low learn Braille? ( no more than 15 words) _58. what does the underlined word “strenuous” most probably mean?(1 word) _59. What are Lows contributions to the CNIB? ( no more than 10 words) _60. What do you think of Low? Give your reasons. ( no more than 20 words) _2015天津卷Six days a week, up and down the red hills of northeast Georgia, my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there. At age 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped serving the community. On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for good health, good friends and good outcomes. By most measurements he was a happy man. Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down. At long last, in a comfortable home, with a generous pension, he should learn to take things easy. “Thank you for your nice words,” he wrote in his letter back, “and I know what you meant, but slowing down scares me. Life isnt having it made; its getting it made.” “The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences had passed, and we had settled into a comfortable home. No. I go back years ago, when we lived in a three-room house, when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet. I rarely had more than four hours of sleep. But what I still cant figure out is why I never got tired, never felt better in my life. I guess the answer is, we were fighting for survival, protecting and providing for those we loved. What matters are not the great moments, but the partial victories, the waiting, and even the defeats. Its the journey, not the arrival, that counts.” The letter ended with a personal request: “Boy, on my next birthday, just tell me to wake up and get going, because I will have one less year to do things and there are ten million things waiting to be done.”Christina Rossetti, an English poet, once said: “Does the road wind uphill all the way? Yes, to the very end.” Today, at 96, my grandfather is still on that long road, climbing.56. What was the authors grandfather before he retired? (no more than 5 words) _57. What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his letter? (no more than 10 words) _58. What is the grandfathers view on life according to his letter back? (no more than 10 words) _59. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words) _60. Do you agree with the grandfathers view on life? Give reasons in your own words, (no more than 20 words) _答案与解析2009年 56.shopping carts【解析】词义猜测题。由上句-a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）可以得出谈的是.购物手推车。57.It was to make shopping easier and attract more business.58.Because few customers used his carts./【解析】细节理解表达。由第五段可知。59. Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts.60.He was a smart businessman. He invented the shopping cart and made it accepted by customers. Or: He was smart but he shouldnt have used tricks to attract customers.2010年 56.【解析】Tiny/Little/Small/Very small.词义猜测题.从本词的构词法可以看出mini-前缀的意思是“极小的，微型的”或者从第三段第一句话中的the tiny guide horses可得出答案。57.【解析】A dogs life is short and Shaw could not bear to part with it.从第二段第二句话得出答案。58.【解析】 The tiny horses possess /have many good qualities to guide people. Or: The tiny horses possess / have many qualities to be ideal guides.段落主旨题。从这些褒义词 clean, friendly, smart, have, great memories, remain calm, live for 2535 years，是对the tiny guide horses的好的品质的描写。59.【解析】He feels that his future life will be better/easier.由文章最后一句话得出。60.【解析】They should be good friends and help each other. Or: They should get along as friends and take care of each other. 通过文章中导盲马和主人之间互相帮助的关系可以看出人类和动物应友好相处，互相帮助。2011年56.Students who wish to do something productive and rewarding.由第一段第二个句可知。57.It is to encourage students to be active citizens and make a difference in society.由第三段最后一句58.Changed.由倒数第二段You can see c