2016年职称英语考试《理工B》真题.docx

第二部分、阅读判断TheTheoryofEveryoneIfStephenHawkinglivesuntiltheyear2017,hewillhavelivedmorethan50yearslongerthanhisdoctorsexpected.Whenhewasacollegestudent,doctorsdiscoveredthathehadararedisease.Thisdiseasecausesagradualdisintegration(分解)ofthenervecellsinthebraincellsthatregulatevoluntarymuscleactivity.Deathalmostalwaysoccurswithintwoorthreeyears.TodayStephenHawkingcannotwalkorspeak.Hecannotmovehisarmsorhishead.Hecannottasteorsmellanything.AndyetthismanisProfessorofMathematicsatCambridgeUniversity,apositionheldbythefamousscientistIsaacNewtonin1669.HawkingisoftendescribedasthegreatestscientistsinceAlbertEinstein,buttotheworldoutsidescience,heisalsoknownasthemanwhomadescientifictheoryunderstandable.Hisbook,ABriefHistoryofTime,hassoldovereightmillioncopies.Hesaysthatsincehedoesnothavetothinkabouthisbodyordoanyofthethingsothermenhavetoworryabout,suchaswashingthecarorworkingintheyard,hecandedicateallofhistimetothinking.Thisputshimintheperfectpositiontofindtheanswertothequestionthathehasdedicatedhislifeto.Hisquestionis:Isthereacompletetheoryoftheuniverseandeverythinginit?Despitehistremendousphysicaldisabilities,hehasalreadymadesomeveryimportantdiscoveriesabouttheoriginoftheuniverse,howtheuniverseholdstogether,andhowitwillprobablyend.Hehasalsobeenabletoexplainthesecretsof“blackholes”inspace.Nowheislookingforasetofrulesthateverythinginouruniversemustobey.HecallsittheTheoryofEverything.Hethinksthatsomeonewillhavefoundtheanswerwithinthenext20years.IfStephenHawkingisabletofindhisTheoryofEverything,hewillhavegiventheworldtheopportunitytounderstandthingsthatwillchangethewholenatureofscienceandprobablyalsothewaywelive.16.StephenHawkingwillbe50yearsoldby2017.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned17.StephenHawkingsuffersfromararebraindisease.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned18.StephenHawkingisProfessorofMathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned19.ABriefHistoryofTimeisverydifficultforstudentstounderstand.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned20.StephenHawkinghasmuchtimetothinkbecausehedoesnthavetowork.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned21.StephenHawkinghasspentaroundtenyearsexplainingthesecretsofA.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned22.TheTheoryofEverythingisabouttherulesthateverythingintheuniversefollows.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned第三部分、概括大意与完成句子Geothermal(地热)Energy1Sinceheatnaturallymovesfromhotterregionstocoolerones,theheatfromtheearthscenterflowsoutwardstowardsthesurface.Inthisway,ittransferstothenextlayerofrock.Ifthetemperatureishighenough,someofthisrockmeltsandformsmagma(岩浆)Themagmaascendsinitsturntowardstheearthssurface.Itoftenremainswellbelowtheearthssurface,creatingvastareasofhotrock.Insuchregions,therearedeepcracks,whichallowrainwatertodescendunderground.Someoftheheatedrainwatertravelsbackuptotheearthssurfacewhereitwillappearasahotspring.However,ifthisascendinghotwaterreachesalayerofimpermeable(不可渗透的)rock,itremainstrapped,formingageothermalreservoir.Ifgeothermalreservoirsarecloseenoughtothesurface,theycanbereachedbydrillingwells.Hotwaterandsteamshootupthewellsnaturally,andcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityingeothermalpowerplants.2.Afewgeothermalpowerplantsdependondry-stemreservoirswhichproducesteambutlittleornowater.Inthesecases,thesteamispipedupdirectlytoprovidethepowertospinaturbinegenerator.Thefirstgeothermalpowerplant,constructedatLardarelloinItaly,wasofthistype,andisstillproducingelectricitytoday.3.Mostcurrentlyoperatinggeothermalpowerplantsareeitherflashsteamplantsorbinary(双重的)plants.Flashplantsproducemainlyhotwaterrangingintemperaturefrom300to700FahrenheitThiswaterispassedthroughoneortwoseparatorswherereleasedfromthepressureoftheundergroundreservoir,itflashesorboilsintosteamAgain,theforceofthissteamprovidestheenergytospintheturbineandproduceelectricity.Thegeothermalwaterandsteamarethenreinjecteddirectlybackdownintotheearthtomaintainthevolumeandpressureofthereservoir.Graduallytheywillbereheatedandcanthenbeusedagain.4.Areservoirwithtemperaturesbelow300Fahrenheitisnothotenoughtoflashsteambutitcanstillbeusedtogenerateelectricityinbinaryfluid.Thesteamfromthisisusedtopowertheturbines.Asintheflashsteamplant,thegeothermalwaterisrecycledbackintothereservoir.23.Paragraph1_24Paragraph2_25Paragraph3_26Paragraph4_A.DrysteamplantsB.BinaryplantsC.OriginofgeothermalenergyD.GenerationofelectricityE.FlashsteamplantsF.Recyclablewaterandsteam27.Ageothermalreservoirisformedwhenhotwateristrappedunder_.28.Adry-steamreservoirproducessteamwith_.29.Flashplantsproducehotwaterthrough_.30.Inabinaryplant,theheatofthegeothermalwatercanbeconvertedinto_.A.theenergytoturnaturbineB.impermeablerockC.oneortwoseparatorsD.turbineoperatorE.littleornowaterF.hotsprings第四部分：阅读理解（第3045题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇：Can You Hear This?When something creates a sound wave in a room or anauditorium, listeners hear the sound wave directly from the source. They alsohear the reflections as the sound bounces off thewalls. floor, and ceiling. These are called the reflected wave or reverberant(反射)sound, which can be heard evenafter the sound is no longer coming from the source.The reverberation time of an auditorium isdetermined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium. It is alsodetermined by how well or how poorly the walls, ceiling, floor, and contents ofthe room (including the people) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time,because each use of an auditorium calls for different reverberation. Speechneeds to be understood clearly; therefore rooms used for talking must have ashort reverberation time. The full-sound performance of music such ad Wagneroperas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time. The light,rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewherebetween.Acoustic problems often are caused by poorauditorium design. Smooth, curved reflecting surfaces create large reflections.Parallel (平行的)wallsreflect sound back and forth, creating a rapid, repetitive pulsing effect.Large pillars (柱)and comerscan cause acoustic shadows as the sound waves try to pass around the object.Some of these problems can be solved by using absorbers and reflectors tochange the reverberation time of a room. For example, hanging large reflectors,called clouds, over the performers will allow some sound frequencies to reflectand others to pass to achieve a pleasing mixture of sound.31.ThisPassageismainlyabout_.A.soundwavesandtheiracousticeffect.B.thetypesofmusicorchestrasplayC.wallsofanauditoriumD.thedesignofanauditorium32.WagneroperasandMahlersymphoniessoundfullerinanauditoriumwith_.A.ashortreverberationtimeB.alongreverberationtimeC.anintermediatereverberationtimeD.noreverberationtime33.Thispassagesuggeststhatagoodauditoriumshould_.A.achieveapleasingmixtureofsoundB.getridofallreflectionsC.nothaveabsorbers.D.havesmoothsurfaces34.Largepillarsandcornersmay_.A.makesoundrichandfullB.becuresforsoundproblemsC.besourcesofsoundproblemsD.functionaswellasclouds35.Theword-acoustic inthelastparagraphhassomethingtodowith_.A.performanceB.MusicC.soundD.noise第二篇：Sports Star Yao MingIf YaoMing is not the biggest sports star in the world, he almost certainly thetallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National BasketballAssociation (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to competein the Game.But whatreally stands out about the giant center is his celebrity (名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletesare as well-known as Yao Ming around the world. People across the globe arefascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(接杰出的才能)but also for being a symbolof international commerce.When Yaojoined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft he was thefirst international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the courtare clear enough 一 no NBA playerof his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful (难对付的人)for opponents on either end ofthe court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is hisrole as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketballfans in China.When itwas announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season andpossibly the Olympics with a stress fracture (骨折)in his left foot, a collective shudder spread across China. Afterconsiderable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgicallytreated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, tooffer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and thoughthe estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to preparewith Team China. Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.Yaowrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditionalChinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process.Western experts are generally skeptical of TCMs benefits, although newresearch from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compoundderived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair.“Thereis no reason to dismiss TCM, “ Yao told a press conference in Beijing. “Itsbeen used in our country for thousands of years. I dont think that its shorton science.”36. Theword“towering”in Paragraph 1 meansA. large.B. fat.C. tall.D. great.37. Opponentsfind it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of hisA. mobility.B. assault.C. defense.D. celebrity.38. YaoMing had to undergo a series of TCM treatments becauseA. hisright foot had been hurting.B. he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.C. thesurgical operation had been a failure.D. hecouldnt afford all the medical expenses.39. Whichstatement about Yao Ming is NOT true?A. He missed the Athens Olympics.B. Heis an NBA player.C. Hefractured his left foot.D. Heis an international figure.40. Ingeneral, the Western experts attitude towards TCM isA. indifferent.B. positive.C. negative.D. doubtful.Smart WindowsWindows not only let light in to cut downon electricity use for lighting, but thelight coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are notsomething people typically associate with an advanced technology. Reseachersare now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change fromclear to dark and anything in between easily.“It took us a long time to figure out whata window really is,”says Claes Granqvist. Hes a professor of solid-statephysics at Uppsala University in Sweden. “It contact with the outside world.You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So,windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel whentheyre stuck indoorsYet. windows are the weak link in abuilding when it comes to energy and temperature control. In winter cold airleaks in. When its hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlightcarries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people toturn on their conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing(使人清新的)，actually sucks up enormous amountsof electricity in buildings around the world.Windows have been a major focus of energyresearch for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a varietyof strategies for coating, glazing (用玻覆盖)，and layeringwindows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further.They use chromogenic (发色的)technologies which involve changes of color.Electrochromic (电致色的)windows use electricity tochange color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemicalcompound such as tungsten oxide (氧化钨)works a bit like a batter. Tungsten oxides is clear when anelectric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, whenthe amount of voltage(电压)is decreased, the window darkens until its completely dark afterall electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether thewindow looks clear or dark.One important feature that makes a smartwindow so smart is that it has a sort of“memory”. All it takes is a small changeof voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays thatway. Transits take anywhere from in10 seconds to a few minutes, depending onthe size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean thatmassive air conditioning systems may no longer be needed. “In thefuture,”Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.”31. Which of the following of values ofwindows is NOT mentioned?A. Theylet light in to brighten the house.B. Theylet light in to heat the house.C. Theylet us have visual contact with the surrounding world.D. They let us think about the outside world.32. The expression “when it comes to “ inParagraph 3 is used toA. signalthe arrival of a guest.B. indicatethe recovery of consciousness.C. show our understanding of something.D. introduce a new aspect of a topic.33. According to Paragraph 4, smart windowsare the windows thatA. are coated.B. are glazed.C. have several layers.D.can change color.34. Whichparagraph gives an account of the way electrochromic windowsA. Paragraphs 5.B. Paragraph3.C. Paragraph4.D. Paragraphs6.35. Asmart window is smart mainly becauseA. itcan change its size.B. itcan change its structure.C. itcan change the voltage of electricity.D. it has a sort of memory.补全短文What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about thestrange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that thisnighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however， think that dreams are an importantpart of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us abouta persons mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought thatdreams contained messages from God. _E_(46)The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud1，was probably the first person tostudy dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are anexpression of a persons wishes. He believed that dreams allow people toexpress the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express inreal life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2 wasonce a student of Freuds. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose ofa dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. _F_(47) Forexample, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high anopinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroesmay learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to developtheories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from theUniversity of California, Santa Cruz，believes that dreams are tightly linked to a persons daily life,thoughts, and behavior. _C_(48)Domhoff believes that there is a connectionbetween dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as muchas adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time todevelop.He has also found a link between dreams andgender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. _A_(49)This is not true of womens dreams.3 Domhoff found this genderdifference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, includingboth modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves?Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. _D_(50)The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event willactually take place. Its important to remember that the world of dreams is notthe real world.A. For example, the people in mens dreamsare often other men. and the dreams often involve fighting.B. Men and women dream about differentthings.C. A criminal, for example, might dreamabout crime.D. However, one thing they agree on this:If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldnt panic.E. It was only in the twentieth centurythat people started to study dreams in a scientific way.F. He thought people could leam more aboutthemselves by thinking about their dreams.完形填空Warmer Climate Will Bake TropicalBugsGlobalwarming could cook tropical insects, with unpredictable knock-on effects, sayresearchers who warn that rising temperatures also_(51) tropical frogs,lizards (蜥蜴).Temperaturesare _ (52) to increase much faster in temperate(温和的) andpolar(极地的)regions than in the tropics. But no-one had looked at how warming would affectinsects and other cold-blooded animals _ (53) had evolved in tropicalregions with little temperature variation.CurtisDeutsch at the University of California at Los Angeles and colleagues analyseddata _ (54) insect survival and reproduction for