（英语语言文学专业论文）多元系统理论视角下《飘》两个中译本的对比研究.pdf

iv 多元系统理论视角下飘两个中译本的对比研究多元系统理论视角下飘两个中译本的对比研究 研究生：黄丽鋆 年级：2005级 学科专业：英语语言文学 指导老师：袁斌业 研究方向：翻译理论与实践 中中 文文 摘摘 要要 这篇论文从多元系统理论的视角， 展开对 gone with the wind 的两个中译本的对比研究。 传统的翻译理论把系统构想成一个“共时”的关系网，而忽略其“历时”的因素。佐哈 尔的多元系统理论引入了历史观点，它认为， “各种社会符号现象，应视为系统而非由各不 相干的元素组成的混合体。 ” “不同的翻译策略，只反映不同文化语境下的翻译规范，而规范 并没有正确错误之分，而只有是否得到官方文化认可的问题。 ”它给翻译研究“开辟了一条 描述性的、面向译语系统的、功能主义的、系统性的新途径，推动了翻译研究的文化转向， 催生了一个跨国界的翻译研究学派。 ”(伊塔马埃文佐哈尔, 张南峰译, 2002:20)在我国， 翻译学者运用多元系统理论对我国的翻译现象和文学作品的多个中译本进行过对比分析。 gone with the wind 是玛格丽特米歇尔一生当中唯一发表的长篇小说，是她历经 10 个 春秋的艰辛耕耘的结果。此书自从 1936 年问世以来，一直受到世人的瞩目，取得了巨大的 成功，它先后被翻译成多个译本，被世人所传阅。关于它不同的中译本，我国许多学者运用 不同的翻译理论，从不同的角度对其进行过分析。 本文通过对四十年代初傅东华的译本以及九十年代初戴侃等人的译本进行对比分析，试 图在文学的多元系统的背景下，找出 gone with the wind 在不同的时代被不同的人翻译的原 因以及他们所采取的不同的翻译策略。 文章的第一章是整篇论文的概述，论述了研究的背景和目的、研究的重要性、论文的结 构安排。第二章的文献综述回顾了对于 gone with the wind 的中译本的研究状况。第三章从 以下两方面介绍了多元系统理论：一是多元系统理论的内容包括它的起源、定义、过程、构 成因素和它们的关系、系统内外的关系、系统的大小和稳定性。二是多元系统理论对于翻译 研究的重要性。 第四章是文章的主要部分， 它又分为两方面： 一是对于小说 gone with the wind 和它的两个中译本的介绍；二是从两个译本不同的历史背景、意识形态和诗学、写作目的、 作者对于这本小说的评价、作者对于主人公的态度、读者的期待和翻译策略等方面对两个译 本进行了对比研究。其中，对于两个译本不同翻译策略的对比，作者从以下五个角度进行了 分析：人名和地名翻译，两个译本的语言翻译，两个译本的词汇、表达和句型翻译，傅译本 的增删和李译本的完整，两个译本的比喻翻译。第五章总结了全文，并指出了本研究的局限 性。 关键词：关键词： 飘 ；多元系统论；翻译策略；傅东华；戴侃；李野光；庄绎传 v a comparative study of two chinese versions of gone with the wind from the perspective of polysystem theory postgraduate: huang lijun grade:2005 major field of study: english language the languages in the two versions; the words, expressions and sentence patterns in the two versions; the omissions and additions of fus version and the integrity of lis version; the treatment of similes and metaphors of the two versions. chapter 5 draws a conclusion of the whole thesis and presents the limitations of the study at last. key words: gone with the wind; polysystem theory; translation strategies; fu donghua; dai kan; li yeguang; zhuang yichuan 49 论文独创性声明论文独创性声明 本人郑重声明： 所提交的学位论文是本人在导师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。 除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含其他个人或其他机构已经发表或撰写过的研 究成果。对本文的研究作出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人 承担本声明的法律责任。 研究生签名： 日期： 论文使用授权声明论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解广西师范大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定。广西师范大学、中国科学 技术信息研究所、清华大学论文合作部，有权保留本人所送交学位论文的复印件和电子 文档，可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文。本人电子文档的内容和纸质论文 的内容相一致。除在保密期内的保密论文外，允许论文被查阅和借阅，可以公布（包括 刊登）论文的全部或部分内容。论文的公布（包括刊登）授权广西师范大学学位办办理。 研究生签名： 日期： 导 师签名： 日期： iii acknowledgements i would like to thank all those who have been of great help in my dissertation writing and english study. first and foremost, id like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, professor yuan binye, who has done a great favor to me. ever since i began my postgraduate study i have been instructed by his patience, encouragement and excellent guidance. during the thesis writing, he made great efforts to helping me from the selection of the thesis topic, searching for references to the completion of the final draft. it wouldnt have been possible for me to complete this thesis without his enlightening and instruction. secondly, i want to give my thanks to mr. zhang xianglin and mr. bai jingze whose classes have enlightened me a lot. i have learnt many translation theories and done much translation practice under their instruction. thirdly, i am very grateful to all other teachers who have imparted profound knowledge of english and made intelligent advice through my english study especially miss li xiao for her valuable suggestions during my university life. moreover, my thanks go to my brother-in-law will p. brooks and my sister huang liyun, who helped to polish my first draft meticulously. i also appreciate my parents and my boyfriend zhang han very much for their deep love and emotional support in my life. last but not least, i want to express my sincere appreciation to all the scholars whose articles, books or ideas i quoted directly or indirectly in my thesis. 1 chapter 1 introduction 1.1 the background and objective of the research nowadays, the relationship between culture and translation has become more and more closed. more and more emphases have been given to cultural approach of translation studies in which linguistic approach dominated years ago. many cultural theories have shown up, one of which is israeli scholar even-zohars polysystem theory. it is believed by even-zohar that semiotic phenomena, i.e., sign-governed human patterns of communication (such as culture, language, literature, society), could more adequately be understood and studied if regarded as systems rather than conglomerates of disparate elements. in his polysystem theory, first of all, he believes that different factors inside the dynamic but balanced polysystem influence others by the means of coexistence and competition. whats more, he thinks that in the polysystem of society, the social constraints restrict the social behaviors. to take the translation for example, the norms for the translation confine the activity and result of translation. moreover, in his opinion, the canonized culture is usually challenged by the non-canonized culture. and the tension between them pushes forward the evolution of the whole polysystem. further more, he finds out that canonized culture usually functions as the primary type yet the non-canonized culture as the secondary type, and the opposition between the two types is the opposition between the innovativeness and conservatism. finally, his polysystem theory rejects value judgments as criteria for an a priori selection of the objects of study (even-zohar, 1990:10-26). the significance of polysystem theory lies in that it has expanded the fields of literature translation studies and broadened the vision of translation studies. gone with the wind is american novelist margaret mitchells only novel published during her lifetime. it is the fruit of margaret mitchells ten years hard work. ever since the book was published in 1936, gone with the wind has gained a universal popularity and great success. within the first year of its publication, the sales volumes were up to more than two million copies. and in 1937, margaret mitchell won the pulitzer prize due to gone with the wind. the film was firstly produced from the novel in the year 1939 and received prevailing concern. in 1976, the film gone with the wind, adapted from the book, won eight prizes in oscar and has become one of the classic works in the film history. up till now, it has been translated in more than forty languages and reprinted many times all around the world. in china, gone with the wind has been translated by different people in different times. among the chinese translations, fu donghuas piao in 1940 is the first one and considered as the typical works of domestication while dai kan, li yeguang and zhuang yichuans piao in 1990 is believed to be a representative of foreignization. by making some comparative analyses 2 between fu donghuas and dai kan, li yeguang and zhuang yichuans translation, this thesis is meant to find out the reasons why gone with the wind is translated by different people in different periods of times and their different translation strategies in the background of literary polysystem. 1.2 significance of the study as there are more and more cultural exchanges，the international communication has become more and more frequent and important. as a result, translation has become of great importance to people all over the world, which makes the translation studies blooming. many translators and theorists have shown up. starting from the 1970s, in 1972, james s. holmes brought up the idea of “translation studies”; then andre lefevere suggested that translation field should accept “translation studies” as the formal name of translation; later holmes set forth the two major objectives of “translation studies”: “describing the phenomena of translating and translations as they manifest themselves in the world of our experience and establishing general principles by means of which these phenomena can be explained and predicted”; in 1975, an israeli theorist itamar even-zohar raised the “polysystem theory” and in 1978 another israeli scholar gideon toury promoted “descriptive translation studies” and “translation norms”; afterwards, susan bassnett and andre lefevere put forward the “manipulation theory”; and translation studies has focused on the post-modernistic translation theories since 1980s, offering a new angle of translation views and broadening translators field of vision (李文革, 2004:174). the traditional translation theories conceive of the system as a synchronic net of relation but neglect its diachronic factors. even-zohars polysystem theory has ushered in the historical horizon. and shuttleworth and cowie (1997:176) defined the polysystem with the following words: “the polysystem is conceived as a heterogeneous, hierarchized conglomerate (or system) of systems which interact to bring about an ongoing, dynamic process of evolution within the polysystem as a whole.” to begin with, polysystem theory has expanded the fields of literature translation studies, broadened the vision of translation studies and provided effective research methods and new perspectives. so it is important to study some chinese translation phenomena from the perspective of polysystem theory. whats more, on the one hand, it is important to use foreign translation theory to study the chinese translation phenomena; on the other hand, the different chinese translation phenomena can prove the foreign translation theory. it helps to found some chinese translation theories. finally, because of the popularity of the novel gone with the wind, it is necessary for us to 3 make some study on it and its versions. the two chinese versions chosen in this study are quite differnent from each other. to study these two versions from the perspective of polysystem theory will give us new eyeshot to understand the two versions. 1.3 the organization of the thesis the thesis consists of five chapters. chapter 1 is an overview of the thesis, giving an account of the background and objective of the research, significance of the study and the organization of the thesis. chapter 2 deals with the literature review of the studies on the chinese versions of gone with the wind. chapter 3 gives an introduction to polysystem theory including two parts: the first part introduces the main contents of it, which is mainly about the origin of polysystem theory, the definition of polysystem theory, the procession of polysystem, factors in the polysystem theory and their relationship, intra-and inter-relationship, the volume and stability. the second part is about the significance of polysystem theory to translation. chapter 4 is the main part of the thesis. it falls into two sections: one is about the introduction to gone with the wind and two of its versions. the other makes a comparison of the two versions in the aspects of their historical background, ideology and poetics of the times, purposes, translators evaluations of the novel, translators attitudes towards the protagonists, readers expectations, and translation strategies. as for the comparison of the different translation strategies, the author will analyze it from the five angles below: the names of people and places; the languages in the two translations; the words, expressions and sentence patterns in the two translations; the omissions and additions of fus translation and the integrity of lis translation; the treatment of similes and metaphors of the two translations chapter 5 draws a conclusion of the whole thesis that under the influence of the interaction of the different factors in the polysystem mentioned in chapter 4, fu donghua, dai kan, li yeguang and zhuang yichuan employed domestication and foreignization respectively in their translation. these different translation strategies from the five angles below: the names of people and places; the languages in the two versions; the words, expressions and sentence patterns in the two versions; the omissions and additions of fus version and the integrity of lis version; the treatment of similes and metaphors of the two versions show no strong points or weak points themselves. they are only the products of the two literary polysystems during the two periods of times. it presents the limitations of the study at last. 4 chapter 2 literature review gone with the wind is american novelist margaret mitchells only novel published during her lifetime. it is the fruit of margaret mitchells ten years hard work. ever since the book was published in 1936, gone with the wind has gained a universal popularity and great success. it has been translated into many languages and read by a great many people all around the world. in china, gone with the wind has been translated by different people in different times. the following table shows some of its versions in chinese. table 2.1 some of the versions of gone with the wind in chinese chinese title translator year publication place 飘 fu donghua （傅东华） 1940 shanghai 飘 dai kan （戴 侃） li yeguang （李野光） zhuang yichuan （庄绎传） 1990 beijing 乱世佳人 chen liangting （陈良廷） 1990 shanghai 飘 huang huairen （黄怀仁） zhu youruo （朱攸若） 1990 beijing 飘 li meihua （李美华） 2000 beijing because of the popularity of the book, lots of scholars and post-graduates have applied different translation theories to analyze the different chinese translations of it from different perspectives. here are just a few examples: the paper to study translating from a macro-cultural perspectivea study of the translations of gone with the wind is written by feng qinghua and wang yu, who think that translation is both a linguistic transference and an intercultural communication; the macro-cultural factors involved in the translating should be shown more concern for. in this article, they expose some of the macro-cultural factors which influence mr. fu donghuas translation of gone with the wind. finally, they draw a conclusion that it is necessary for us to evaluate the function of a version in cultural communication in the special period of time, from the micro- and macro-, historical and realistic perspectives (冯庆华, 王昱, 1998:52-56). in the essay a functionalist critique of two chinese translations of gone with the wind, the authors wen jun and gao xiaoying show us how domestication and foreignization can be 5 approached from a functional perspective in the critique of two chinese translations of gone with the wind: fu donghuas version and huang huairen, zhu xiaoruos translation. in their opinions, domestication and foreignization are two of the translation strategies, which have their own features. they either cater to the purpose of the translator or meet the needs of the readers. and the functional translation theory has made the two strategies melt together (文军, 高晓鹰, 2003:40-43). in the dissertation translation and language changein the perspective of comparison of three chinese versions of gone with the wind, the writer wang lili believes that language change, which produces many language varieties, is due to the change of social life and social changes can be found in language change. she makes the comparison of the three versions of gone with the wind in both diachronic language varieties and synchronic varieties in the aspects of the sentences, vocabularies and colloquial language. she also finds out the individual translation skills of each version (王莉莉, 2003). in the article an analysis on translated works from a macro-perspective, the author li qianmei attempts to review fu donghuas version of gone with the wind scientifically, to find out the valuable things in his version, to analyze the objective cultural factors that affect his version from a macro-perspective (李倩梅, 2004:41-43). in the thesis on the subjectivity of the translator in literary translation by analyzing two chinese versions of gone with the wind, the writer fu hongqiao aims to investigate translators subjectivity in literary translation in the light of hermeneutics and the aesthetic theory of reception. by applying a case study of the two translations of gone with the wind, the writer draws the conclusions that the maximum fusion of horizons is practical; we should encourage the retranslation of classic literary works; the subjectivity and manipulation factors in a translator interact with each other (付红桥, 2004). in the article fu donghuas gone with the wind from a functional perspective, the writer guo yuying analyzes fu donghuas translation of gone with the wind from a functional perspective. based on skopos theory, she notes that the translation methods and strategies are determined by the purpose of the translation; fus translation methods and strategies are determined by the objective historical background and his own translation purpose; people should give a fair evaluation to fus version of gone with the wind (郭玉英, 2005:85-86). in the paper a cultural perspective for the study of prefaces for translated works: a case study of two prefaces for the translations of gone with the wind, the writer suggests a cultural perspective for the study of prefaces and postscripts for the translated works by comparing two prefaces for the translations of gone with the wind (章艳, 2005). the thesis norm-governed activity: comparison of two chinese versions of gone with the 6 wind examines the translation process from the perspective of descriptive approach and finds out the relationship between fiction translation and the various socio-cultural elements based on gideon tourys concept of norms and itamar even-zohars polysystem theory. by comparing the two translations of gone with the wind: fu do