比较级与最高级及倍数表达方式.doc

金鼎教育高考英语语法汇总2017.02.28比较级与最高级、倍数表达方式一、 词的变化规则1）规则变化构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词未尾加-er,-esttall(高的) great(巨大的)tallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-stnice(好的)large(大的)able（有能力的）nicerlargerablernicestlargestablest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-estbig(大的)hot (热的)biggerhotterbiggesthottest以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-esteasy(容易的)busy(忙的)easierbusiereasiest busiest少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er，-estclever(聪明的)narrow(窄的)cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。important(重要的)easily(容易地)more importantmore easilymost importantmost easily2) 不规则变化原级比较级最高级good(好的)well(健康的)betterbestbad (坏的)ill(有病的)worseworstold (老的)older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many(多的)moremostlittle(少的)lessleastfar (远的)farther/furtherfarthest/furthest 3）more + 形容词/副词原级二、基本结构比较级形容词或副词+than You are taller than I. He is the tallest in his class. 可修饰比较级的词 1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。典型例题:1）- Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now.A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected.A.more B.much more C.much D.more much3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D.a much happier time the+最高级+比较范围 1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.(对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2) 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意：a.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africa is the second largest continent.3) 句型转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4) 否定词语+比较级，否定词语+ so as结构表示最高级含义。Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.倍数的表达方式1. “times形容词/副词的比较级than”例如：Thishallisfivetimesbiggerthanourclassroom.2. “times+as+形容词/副词的原级as”例如： Thistableisthreetimesaslongasthatone.3. “times+the+名词（如：size，height，weight，length，width,age等）of”例如： Thisstreetisfourtimesthelengthofthatstreet.4. “times+more名词than”例如： Therearetwicemorestudentsinourclassthanintheirs.5. “times+what从句”例如： Thepriceofthemeatistwicewhatitwaslastyear.6.“times+upon（或over） Heisthreetimesuponyourage. 7.“+by+times”例如： Hisspeedisfasterthanminebyfourtimes.8.“times+comparedwith被比较对象”例如： Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolhasincreasedfourtimescomparedwith1980.9.“times+thatof+被比较对象”例如：InthisworkshoptheoutputofJulywasthreetimesthatofJanuary.和more有关的词组1) the more the more越就越The harder you work，the greater progress youll make.2) more B than A与其说A不如说B=less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work.= He is less slow than lazy at his work.3) no more than 与一样不，（对两者同时否定） no more than 仅仅 not more than 不多于，至多 not. more thanEg: He is no more a writer than a painter.He has no more than three children.He has not more than three children.She is not more clever than he is.no less than不亚于no less than 多达not less than 意为“不