数控仿真技术外文翻译、数控编程张英文翻译、外文文献翻译

外文原文： The numerical control simulation technology 1、 computer simulation concept and the application Looked from the project angle that, the simulation was through studies one to the system model experiment to have or in the design system. Analyzes the complex dynamic object, the simulation is one effective method, may reduce the risk, reduces cycle which designs and makes, and saves the investment. The computer simulation is draws support from the computer, the use system model conducts the experimental study to the actual system the process. But it develops rapidly along with the computer technology development, holds the more and more important status in the simulation. The computer simulation process may the essential factor three basic activities which through shown in Figure 1 describe: The modelling activity is through to the actual system observation or the examination, and cannot examine the variable in the neglect secondary factor in the foundation, carries on the description with physical or mathematics method, thus obtains the actual system the simplification approximate model. Here model should have the similarity with between the actual system function and the parameter and the correspondence. The simulation model is (simplification model) carries on certain algorithm processing to the system mathematical model, after causes it to become the appropriate form (for example becomes numerical integration iterative computation model), becomes can by the computer accept “may calculate the model”. The simulation model says to the actual system is a model which two times simplifies. The simulation experiment is refers the system simulation model the process which moves on the computer. The simulation is studies the actual system through the experiment one kind of technology, may clarify the system intrinsic structure variable and the environmental condition influence through the simulation technology. The computer simulation technology trend of development mainly displays in two aspects: Application domain expansion and simulation computer intellectualization. Not only the computer simulation technology in the traditional project area of technology (aspects and so on aviation, astronautics, chemical industry) continues to develop, moreover expands to the social economy, the biology and so on many non-project domains, in addition, technical and so on parallel processing, artificial intelligence, knowledge library and expert system development are affecting the simulation computer development. The numerical control processing simulation simulates the actual processing process using the computer, is confirms the numerical control processing procedure the reliability and the forecast cutting process powerful tool, reduces the work piece to try to cut, enhances the production efficiency. 2、 numerical control simulation technology research present situation Numerical control engine bed processing components are depend on the numerical control instruction procedure control to complete. In order to guarantee the numerical control procedure the accuracy, prevented in the processing process the interference and the collision occurrence, in the actual production, often uses the method which tries to cut to carry on the examination. But this method requires a lot of work uses a lot of material, the price is expensive, causes the production cost rise, increased the product process period and the production cycle. Afterwards used the track display law, namely delimited the needle or the pen replaces the cutting tool, replaced the work piece by the color plate or the paper to come the simulation cutting tool path the two-dimensional graph (also to be possible to demonstrate two-dimensional half processing path), had the quite big limitation. Regarding work piece three dimensional and multi-dimensional processing, also useful easy to cut the material replaces the work piece (for example, paraffin wax, lumber, modified resin and plastic and so on) examine the processing the cutting path. But, tries to take the numerical control engine bed vitally and to process the scene. Therefore, the people can gradually replace the computer simulation method continuously in the research which tries to cut, and was trying to cut aspects and so on environment simulation, simulation computation and graphical display has made the important progress, at present to is enhancing the model the precision, the simulation calculates the solid current events and improvement graphical display directions and so on third dimension develops. From tries to cut the environment the model characteristic to look that, at present the NC cutting process simulation is divided the geometry simulation and the mechanics simulation two aspects. The geometry simulation did not consider the cutting parameter, the cutting force and other physical factor influence, only the simulation cutting tool work piece geometric solid movement, confirms the NC procedure the accuracy. It may reduce or the elimination the engine bed damage, the jig which causes because of the program error destroys or the cutting tool breaks off, questions and so on components abandonment； Simultaneously may reduce from the product designs to the manufacture time, reduces the production cost. The cutting process mechanics simulation belongs to the physical simulation category, it through the simulation cutting process dynamic mechanics characteristic forecast the cutting tool breakage, the cutting tool vibrate, the control cutting parameter, thus achieves the optimized cutting process the goal. The geometry simulation technology development is, including the qualitative graphical display and the quota interference which develops along with the geometry modeling technology development confirms two aspects. At present the commonly used method has the direct entity model theory, asks based on the image space method and the separate vector to hand over the law. 3、 direct entity model theory This method is refers to the enveloping body which the work piece body and the cutting tool movement forms to carry on the entity Boolean difference operation, the work piece body three-dimensional model along with the cutting process is renewed unceasingly. Sungurtekin and Velcker have developed a milling machine analogous system. This system uses the CSG law to record the semifinished materials the three-dimensional model, uses some base map Yuan like cuboid, the circular cylinder, the cone and so on, with the set operation, specially and operates, scans the semifinished materials and a series of cutting tools the region to record, then the application difference of sets operation from the semifinished materials the order except has scanned the region. So-called the region which has swept the region is refers the cutting tool along some path movement when passes through. After scanned each section of NC code to demonstrate changed semifinished materials shape. Kawashima and so on the joint tree law and cuts the semifinished materials the region to set up with the joint (graftree) to indicate that, namely except spatial and the full two kind of points, the boundary point also took eight forks set up (octtree) the leaf point. The boundary point contains the half space, the point object use expressed on these half space CSG operation. The joint tree subdivides level half space integer decision which permits by the boundary point. The gradually cutting simulation and cuts the region using the semifinished materials the difference operation to realize. The semifinished materials demonstration has used the depth buffer algorithm, the semifinished materials division is the polygon realization semifinished materials visualization. With semifinished materials real-time visualization which renews continuously based on the entity modelling method realization, consumes when too is long, therefore some are raised based on the observation method. 译文： 数控仿真技术 1计算机仿真的概念及应用 从工程的角度来看，仿真就是通过对系统模型的实验去研究一个已有的或设计中的系统。分析复杂的动态对象，仿真是一种有效的方法，可以减少风险，缩短设计和制造的周期，并节约投资。计算机仿真就是借助计算机，利用系统模型对实际系统进行实验研究的过程。它随着计算机技术的发展而迅速地发展，在仿真中占有越来越重要的地 位。计算机仿真的过程可通过图 1 所示的要素间的三个基本活动来描述： 建模活动是通过对实际系统的观测或检测，在忽略次要因素及不可检测变量的基础上，用物理或数学的方法进行描述，从而获得实际系统的简化近似模型。这里的模型同实际系统的功能与参数之间应具有相似性和对应性。 仿真模型是对系统的数学模型（简化模型）进行一定的算法处理，使其成为合适的形式（如将数值积分变为迭代运算模型）之后，成为能被计算机接受的“可计算模型”。仿真模型对实际系统来讲是一个二次简化的模型。 仿真实验是指将系统的仿真模型在计算机上运行的过程。仿真 是通过实验来研究实际系统的一种技术，通过仿真技术可以弄清系统内在结构变量和环境条件的影响。 计算机仿真技术的发展趋势主要表现在两个方面：应用领域的扩大和仿真计算机的智能化。计算机仿真技术不仅在传统的工程技术领域（航空、航天、化工等方面）继续发展，而且扩大到社会经济、生物等许多非工程领域，此外，并行处理、人工智能、知识库和专家系统等技术的发展正影响着仿真计算机的发展。 数控加工仿真利用计算机来模拟实际的加工过程，是验证数控加工程序的可靠性和预测切削过程的有力工具，以减少工件的试切，提高生产效率。 2数控仿真技 术的研究现状 数控机床加工零件是靠数控指令程序控制完成的。为确保数控程序的正确性，防止加工过程中干涉和碰撞的发生，在实际生产中，常采用试切的方法进行检验。但这种方法费工费料，代价昂贵，使生产成本上升，增加了产品加工时间和生产周期。后来又采用轨迹显示法，即以划针或笔代替刀具，以着色板或纸代替工件来仿真刀具运动轨迹的二维图形（也可以显示二维半的加工轨迹），