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带to的不定式作宾补a可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有ask,tell,order,invite,beg, get,allow,wish,want,encourage,advise, warn等。例如:The teacher asked us to finish our homework老师叫我们完成家庭作业。She wanted him to sing for her friends她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。The policeman told the boys not to play in the street警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。b在动词think,believe,know,find, understand,take等之后,作宾补的不定式多由“to be adj”构成。例如:They find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful他们发现中国人都很幸福快乐。He believed the earth to be a globe他相信大地是个球体。c在某些短语后也可跟带to的不定式作宾补。这类动词短语常见的有:wait for,call on,depend on,care for,long for等。例如:The crocodile waited for the monkey to come down again鳄鱼等着猴子再下来。The chairman called on Mr Brown to speak主席请布朗先生讲话。I shouldnt care for that man to be my doctor我不要那人给我看病。不定式是非谓语动词的其中一种,原型是to do ,根据各种时态变化形式三、不定式作宾补应注意的事项 能跟不定式作宾补的动词很多,如:see, have, advise, expect, get,invite, consider, find, prefer, feel, ask, for, call on, wait for等等。大部分的动词或成语动词之后跟带to的不定式作宾补,但也有一些动词之后要求跟不带to的不定式作宾补。下面谈一些要求跟不带to的不定式作宾补的动词。 1.这类动词有表示视觉、听觉和感觉的动词,如,see, watch, notice, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel等。 (1) Did you see him steal the money? (2) I havent noticed anyone go out. (3) Id like to look at (=watch) other people play basketball. (4) I often hear her sing this song. (5) She listened to someone call for help. (6) Mary felt something crawl up her neck. 2.一些表示役使意义的动词,如have, make, let等。 (1) I would have Li Ming do the work. (2) Her wonderful performance made all of us laugh. (3) Ill let someone find me a house to live in. 3.有时动词help的宾补既可以是带to的不定式亦可省略to,如, I enjoy helping my mother (to) do housework. 4.上面所说的这些不带to的不定式做宾补,如改为被动语态就要用带to的不定式作主语补足语(略)。 5.一些表示心理状态语的动词,如: consider, think, believe, discover, judge, sup pose 等,其后的宾语补足语有“认为”、“判定”的意思,认为宾语是什么,有什么性质、特征或处于某种状态,这时宾补要用“to be ” 这种形式,“to be”亦可省略。如: (1) He considered him (to be) innocent. (2) We all thought John (to be) quite a foolish man. (3) The judge judged her (to be) guilty. 6.regard, treat, recognize, look upon, think of, consider 等这些词有时跟as词组或介词词组作宾补,如: (1) All the teachers regarded this as of great importance. (2) I always look upon you as my best friend. (3) Dont take my good intentions for evil ones. 有时有多种形式,以consider为例: I consider him to be an honest man. I consider him as an honest man. I consider him an honest man. 四、宾语补足语和先行宾语 1.在复合宾语中,如果宾语不是名词或带词,而是其它的形式,如不定式(a),-ing分词结构(b)或that分句,这时就要用先行宾语it来表示,而后将这些宾语移置宾补之后,如: (1) it代替不定式或不定式的复合结构 We think it our duty to serve people heart and soul. Do you believe it possible for us to land on the Mars one day? I dont consider it polite of you to play tricks on others. 例句附解析,讲解得已经很详细了,如还不太清楚以上句子中的宾补在哪,就追问吧。1.介词短语作地点状语WeliveinHangzhou.我们住在杭州。2.介词短语作时间状语Shegothereatfour.她在4点到这儿的。3.介词短语作方式状语Theycameherebytrain.他们乘火车来这儿。4.介词短语作原因状语Thegamewaspostponedbecauseofrain.因为下雨运动会被推迟了。5.介词短语作条件状语Therewillbenolivingthingswithoutwater.没有水就没有生物。6.介词短语作目的状语Heranforshelter.他跑去避雨。7.介词短语作让步状语Theyplayfootballinspiteoftherain.他们冒雨踢足球。8.介词短语作程度状语Towhatextentwouldyoutrustthem?动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,如:to study, to play,动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用,但仍留着动词的特征,它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语,如:to study hard, to play table tennis。1.动词不定式的形式变化:动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。语态式一般式 完成式 进行式完成进行式主动to build to have built to be buildingto have been building被动to be buildto have been build2.动词不定式的基本用法:动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用,如:(1)作主语:To helpeach other is good.动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如:Itisgoodto helpeach other.(2)作表语:My jobis to drivethem to the power station every day.动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语,与表示将来时的be +动词不定式结构有所区别,如:Our planis to set upanother middle school for the peasantschildren.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的谓语动词为is,动词不定式to set up为表语,主语为plan,但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语,即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。)Weareto set upanother middle school for the peasantschildren.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语,主语为we,同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语,即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的)。(3)作宾语:作及物动词的宾语:如:Shewishes to bea musician.;作某些形容词的宾语:可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等,如:Iam determined to give upsmoking.;动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语,如:Can you give us some adviceonwhatto donext?(4)作宾语补足语:Tell the children not to play on the street.如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等,作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去,如:I saw a little girl run across the street.(5)动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,须先用it作形式宾语,而将该动词不定式后置,如:I dont think it right to do it that way.(6)作定语:动词不定式作定语时,须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后,如:Is this the best way to help him?和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词,如:He is the man to depend on.如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way,不定式后面的介词,习惯上可以省去,如:The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.(笔者注:这里本人会把做定语和宾补搞混。有一个想法:如果不定式是出现在:“动宾宾补”结构后面的话,不定式应该是做宾补了;而如果不定式是出现在“系表宾”结构后,那不定式应该是做定语了)(7)作状语:动词不定式可以作下列的状语:目的状语:Every morning he gets up very early to read English.为了强调不定式表示目的的作用,可在不定式前加in order to或so as to(以便或为了),但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可,而so as to不能位于句首,如:She reads China Daily every day in order to(so as to)improve her English.将表示目的的不定式置于句首,也可强调目的的作用,如:To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it.结果状语:They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。too +形容词或副词+动词不定式,表示“足能”的结果,如:You are old enough to take care of yourself now.3.复合结构不定式:由for +名词(或代词宾格)+动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语,如:It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest.当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等,如:It is very kind of you to help him every day.4.疑问词+动词不定式:疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,

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